2. WHAT IS FIRE ?
It is rapid oxidation of combustible substance by generation
of Heat & light
The fire is the mixture of 3
elements
Fuels: Clothing, Furniture, Wood, Paper,
Plastics, Combustible Gases, Flammable
Liquids
Oxygen: Oxygen is present everywhere
Heat Sources: Heating or Cooking
Equipment, Matches, Lighters, Electrical
Circuits
3. How can we stop fire?
1. Starvation - Removal of Fuel.
This is a method in which the surrounding materials are removed from the sear
of fire and making the fire to starve, without supply of fuel the fire will be
starved and extinguished.
2.Blanketing / Smothering – Removal of
Oxygen
In this method the oxygen supply to the fire is stopped
3.Cooling – Removing of Heat
This is a method in which heat is removed from the fire
4.Interference The method of breaking the chain reaction
between oxygen. Combustible material and source of heat,
which will stop the chemical reaction to put out the fire.
4. What are the different types of fire?
The fire are basically divided in to 5 different types on the bases
of the fuels.
Class of
fire
A B C D E
Type of Fuel which are Flammable Fuels which Metals which Electrical
fuel solid in state on materials are in gaseous can Burn appliance /
burning they which are in state Machineries
leave carbon as liquid state.
residue
Example Wood, paper Petrol, Diesel, LPG, Sodium, Transformer
cotton charcoal Paint, Sprit Acetylene, Potassium, Generator,
Methane, Phosphorus, Panel Boards
Butane etc. Magnesium
5. Fire Extinguishers
There are different types of fire extinguisher to be used for tackling
different types of fire.
Type of Extinguishing Extinguishing Suitable for Class of
extinguisher Agent Principle fire
Water Water Cooling Wood, Paper, Cloth A
Foam Mechanical Foam Blanketing Wood, Paper, Cloth and AB
Flammable liquid
Powder Dry Powder Blanketing Flammable liquid, BCDE
Gases,Combustible Metals,
Electrical fire
Gas Carbon dioxide Blanketing Flammable liquid, Gases, BCE
Electrical fire
6. Fire causes
Causes Of Fire
Electricity
Spark, Friction & Heat
Hot Work e.g. welding.
Smoking & Negligence
Failure of Process/ Heating Controls
Spontaneous Combustion
Causes Of Fire By Electricity
Carelessness or Ignorance
Use of Sub-Standard Material
Over Size Fuse/over loading
Poor workmanship
7. How To Use A Portable Fire Extinguisher
Remember the acronym, P.A.S.S.
PULL the Pin
AIM the extinguisher nozzle at the base of the flames
SQUEEZE the handle or trigger while holding the
extinguisher upright
SWEEP the extinguisher from side to side, covering the
base of the fire with the extinguisher agent
Remember:
•Should your path of escape be threatened
•Should the extinguisher run out of agent
•Should the extinguisher prove to be ineffective
•Should you no longer be able to safely fight the fire
Leave The Area Immediately!
8. Dealing With Smoke
•Smoke is a combination of lethal gases, vapours and particles of
partially burnt materials. Most fires release smoke and ALL smoke
is dangerous - more than half of fire related deaths are as a result of
smoke inhalation.
•If you see smoke coming from behind a closed door, NEVER
open it - there is the possibility of a violent explosion as a result of
a sudden in rush of air.
•Remember that without a supply of air (Oxygen) the fire will
suffocate.
If you become trapped by smoke, you should:
•Lie on the floor;
•Cover your nose with wet cloth;
•Breathe through your nose;
•Crawl to safety;
9. Types of fire detection /
prevention equipment
1.Fire detection system .
2.Fire hydrant systems.
3.Sprinkler systems.
4.Portable extinguisher.
10. Fire Detection System
.
The detectors/indicators basically are.
1. Smoke Detectors :- Smoke detectors are installed in
rooms,corridors,offices etc which are used for detection of smoke
generated due to fire
2. Heat Detectors:-Heat detectors are used in kitchen, boiler
room,laundry etc which are capable for detection of heat due to rise in
temperature
3 Fire panel:-The fire panels are located at engineering room as well at
the time office which are connected to all the smoke detectors ,heat
detector, fire response fitted for each room to indicate the position as
well as the location of fire
4 Manual call points:- The manual call points are located at the every
floor which is a means of alarming all the guest in terms of fire which
is connected to a hooter as well as the fire panel.
11. Fire Hydrant system
Fire hydrant system consist of the following
equipment;_
1. Jockey pump:- The jockey pump is a basic pump used to
maintain the pressure in the total pipe line network which is capable
of sufficing the sprinkler as well as the hose reel nozzle drum
located at each floor which even can be used in case of minor fire
2. Hydrant pump:- The hydrant pump is used for the hydrant
system if in case of huge fire and has to be used by authorized
trained personals
3. Fire engine pump:- The fire engine pumps is an diesel
engine coupled to a pump so as to provide water to the whole
network incase of power failure
12. How do Fire Sprinklers work?
Fire Sprinklers are designed to activate at
different temperatures. When a fire breaks
out in a area, the temperature in the room
increases. When the temperature in the
room reaches set temperature of sprinkler
bulb closest to the fire will activate. Only
sprinkler heads activated by heat will
discharge water. The Fire Sprinklers will
then control the fire in its early stages.
13.
14. DO’S
Stack the material properly and away from
power lines/ flammable materials.
The dustbin should be cleared regularly.
Always keep flammable materials outdoors
at a safe place.
Always keep emergency pathways clear.
Always obey signs & instructions.
15. DONT’S
Do not smoke in beds / kitchen / fire risk areas.
Do not wear loose/ flowing/ nylon clothes while cooking.
Do not keep LPG cylinders near the fire place
Do not over pump the Stove for faster cooking.
Do not overheat the oil or fat while cooking.
Do not put wet food into hot oil or fat.
Do not leave any equipment unattended when they are 'ON' or left on over a heat
source.
Do not keep linen near electric panels.
Do not over dry the kitchen dusters.
Do not use any electrical equipment without proper plug top.
Do not store anything in front of fire fighting appliances, electric panels, and
emergency exits/ stairways.
Do not discard lighted cigarettes, use ashtrays for disposal
Do not allow any temporary electrical connections.
Do not overload electrical circuits by using multi plugs
Do not ignore fire alarms – act promptly.
16. On discovering fire
Break the glass of the nearest 'manual call point' (pill box).
Inform eng. Department and telephone operator
Give your name, department, exact location (seat) and size
of fire. Do not panic. Switch off all fresh air/ exhausts
units, fuel supply.
Do not open doors, windows of rooms, passages or
corridors to allow fresh air.
Try to extinguish the fire (using the right type of
extinguisher) as explained in the fire drill.
Help the guests in evacuation, if required.
At the first instance the operator has to inform the General
Manager & the Chief Engineer
17. LPG leakage
Shut off main valve.
Open all windows and ventilators.
Do not switch 'on' or 'off' any electrical
gadget.
Do not allow anybody to smoke / light
naked flame nearby.
18. Chief Fire Marshall
The Chief Engineer is the chief Marshall of the hotel
In absence of the Chief Engineer the security supervisor is
the acting fire Marshall
Chief Marshall imparts training to the core fire fighting
team.
The core fire fighting team led by the chief Marshall is
compatible enough for combat against fire
The core fire fighting team is a team of trained fire
Marshall's from all dept especially the engineering&
security
19. Fire wardens
FIRE WARDENS ROLE
To provide vital support service for guests , staff and to the
visitors during an emergency
Responsibility
Overall responsibility of fire warden is to help others
evacuate the building safety in an emergency and
escort/facilitate the guest / staff and other visitors to the
designated :
“Safe assembly areas”
20. Duties of Fire warden
Familiarization with the respective floor areas location of manual call
points and fire fighting equipments /appliances
To keep a check on FIRE EXIT ROUTES & SAFE ASSEMBLY
AREAS
Carry out regular inspections of their areas and remove hazards or
report the same to chief fire Marshall of the premises.
NOTE:
1.IT IS EMPHASIZED THAT THE PRIMARY ROLE OF THE WARDENS
IS NOT TO COMBAT FIRE AND EMERGENCIES BUT TO ENSURE AS
FAR AS IS PRACTICABLE THE SAFETY OF OCCUPANTS AND THEIR
ORDERLY EVACUATION TO THE SAFE ASSEMBLY AREAS DURING
THE COURSE OF EMERGENCIES.
2. PLEASE REMEMBER THAT FIRE FIGHTING MUST ALWAYS BE
SECONDARY TO LIFE SAFETY AND THIS RESPONSIBILITY SHOULD
BETTER BE LEFT TO THE EXPERTS WHO HAVE A WEALTH OF
EXPERIENCE OF COMBATING THE SAME
3. FOR WARDENS “SAFE EVACUATION” MUST BE THE PRIMARY
CONCERNS
21. Evacuation Procedure
When alarms sounds the floor wardens on duty should
immediately move to pre-arranged areas/locations of the
building and take instructions from their respective area
evacuation controller's) [HODs]
The warden now quickly determines weather there is a
need to arrange for help for people with injuries and then
begins the evacuation gently but firmly, encourages people
to leave the building via the pre determined exit route
During any emergency evacuation, no one should attempt
to use an elevator, except under the direction of Chief Fire
Marshall (I/C)
Probation on using elevators during any emergency
evacuation, of course, creates serious difficulties for people
who face physically disabilities; however only under
guidance /supervision of chief fire Marshall, the elevator
can be used for a safe and quick evacuation
22. BOMB THREAT
In terms of a telephone call about a bomb threat
1. Alert some one else while still on the telephone with the caller to
notify a supervisor
2. Keep the caller on line and record every word spoken by the person.
3. Ask the caller for location,dentonation of the bomb.
4. Even inform the caller that the building is occupied and could result
in death and serious injury
5. Pay attention to back ground sound which may give a clue about
where the call is made from.
6. Listen closely to the voice (male/female), voice quality
(calm/excited) accent and speech.
7. Inform the same to your high authorities for further action
23. EXPLOSION/MEDIA
PROCEDURE
In event of explosion in the building
1. Sound fire alarm to evacuate the building
2. Inform the General Manager/HOD’s present
3. Provide medical assistance to the injured and stay away
from the building.
4. Do not reenter the building unless final clearance is
given
Media procedure
1. It is mandatory that all the news media relating
emergency to be directed to the General manager
2. In absence of the General manager the Duty
Manager/MOD could address the news media persons
24. Fire Drills
Fire Drills Familiarize yourself on the fire
alarm system. Fire alarm procedures or
systems shall be established to promptly
warn every person who could be
endangered by a fire. Fire alarm systems
shall be maintained in operable condition.
The Unit shall establish emergency
firefighting, evacuation, and rescue
procedures.
25. Escapeway drills- what is
required?
Unit shall establish emergency firefighting,
evacuation, and rescue procedures. These
procedures shall be coordinated in advance with
available firefighting organizations. The Unit shall
atleast once every two months conduct evacuation
drills to assess the ability of all persons in the unit
to reach the designated points of safety within the
time limits of the self-rescue devices that would be
used during an actual emergency
