1) The document summarizes Oi's network architecture and technology strategy. 2) It describes Oi's operations across three regions in Brazil, with over 20 million fixed lines, 39.9 million mobile subscribers, and 4.4 million broadband subscribers as of 2010. 3) The strategy involves preparing Oi's business and network to support new multimedia and broadband services through technologies like IMS and a flexible, programmable network architecture.

1. Policy Control
Amsterdam
5th & 6th April 2011
Advanced policy
implementation based on
subscriber location
Alberto Boaventura

2. Who we are
Oi bought Brasil
Anatel defined Brasil Telecom Oi and Brasil
Telecom and merged
1800 MHz as started its mobile Telecom acquired
their operations,
band for mobile services operation licenses in 2100
becoming national
personal services based on GSM MHz for 3G
wide GSM/UMTS
(SMP) Technology operation
operator
3Q10:
2000 2002 2004 2007 2008 2009 Oi Móvel: 39.9 MM
Oi Fixo: 20.0 MM
Velox: 4.4 MM
Oi TV: 275 k
Oi, former Telemar, Oi started 2G mobile
bought license for operations in São Paulo
operating in 1800 MHz, (region 3). Also, 3G in
and created de 1st region 1.
Brazilian GSM Operator: Brasil Telecom started 3G
Oi operation in region 2.
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

3. Where we are
Region I Region II Region III Total
Geoeconom ics
GDP 838,8 B USD 550,0 B USD 711,2 B USD 2100,0 B USD
Population 105,7 MM 45,4 MM 41,8 MM 192,9 MM
Municipalities 3.051 1.867 645 5.563
Oi Service Accesses
Fixed Lines 12,8 MM 7,2 MM 20,0 MM
2G/3G 24,5 MM 8,1 MM 7,3 MM 39,9 MM
Broadband 2,5 MM 1,9 MM 4,4 MM
Region I
Region II
Region III
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

4. How big we are
Oi has an expressive
national and
international optical
network
2010
Optical Cable Footprint
Internet. 23,340 km
National 32,584 km
Regional/Metro. 120,261 km
Total 176,185 km
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

5. Mobile Broadband Industry Consolidation
2500 MM Mobile Internet Accesses
surpass Desktop Internet
2000 MM
Accesses
Global Internet is still
growing :
1.8B Users, +13% Y/Y 18.8T 1500 MM
Minutes Spent, +21% Y/Y
1000 MM
But, mobile will be
500 MM
preferable access
in 3 Years 0 MM
2007E 2008E 2009E 2010E 2011E 2012E 2013E 2014E 2015E
Mobile Desktop Source: Morgan Stanley 2010
Revenue forecast per
application type
2008-2015
Source: Ericsson 2010
The MBB is rapidly consolidating, and in couple years will be the
preferable Internet access…
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

6. Mainframe-> Mini-> Desktop -> Smartphones/Tablets
5 convergence trends: MBB + Social
Networking + Video + VoIP + usability in
differentiated devices
Applications Mobile
Internet
Internet
Convenience
Desktop
Mini 10 B+
Mainframe
Technology Enablers 1 B+
100 MM+
1 MM+ 10 MM+
1960 1970 1980 1990 2020+
Source: Morgan Stanley 2010
The expressive Mobile Internet growth projection is justified by
integration of functionalities (for personal use) in a single device, and
becoming in next years the preferential Internet device against desktops.
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

7. Phases of M2M Communication
1st Phase: Vertical Applications 2nd Phase : Compliant 3rd Phase: Internet of Things
Regulation Applications
 Fleet Management  Car Telematic  Car Telematic
 Positioning Systems  Fleet Management  Fleet Management
 POS-Terminal  Parking & Traffic Management in  Parking & Traffic Management in urban
 Remote Management of Assets & urban areas areas
Products  Positioning Systems  Positioning Systems
 Smart Metering  Smart Metering
 POS-Terminal
 Security
 Remote Monitoring of Green Energy
power plants
 Remote Management of Assets &
Products
 Environmental monitoring & ICT support
to a sustainable economic growth
 eHealth
2010 2015 2020
M2M just started and ...
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

8. Future: Things Connected
50 Billions of
connected devices
is expected in
2020
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

9. Market is eager for more thoughput
Rel 9 HSPA+ Rel 10 LTE
TV 3D DL: 84 Mbps DL:> 1 Gbps
HDTV UL: 23 Mbps BW: 100 MHz
BW: 10 MHz LTE Advanced
Rubust
On-Demand Augmented Rel 8 HSPA+ Rel 8 LTE
Gaming
Reality
DL: 42 Mbps DL: 326 Mbps
UL: 11,5 Mbps UL: 86 Mbps
Video P2P BW: 5 MHz 20 MHz
Conference Virtualization
Visual Mbps+
Networking
Rel 7 HSPA+
Mobile TV
Internet DL: 28 Mbps
Collaboration M2M UL: 11,5 Mbps
BW: 5 MHz
Music Games Mbps
Social Rel 6 HSPA
MMS
Networks
DL: 14 Mbps
Email Mobile Web UL: 11,5 Mbps
BW: 5 MHz
EDGE
Telemetry LBS/GPS kbps
DL:237 kbps
UL:59 kbps
EMS
IM GPRS
SMS DL:80 kbps
UL:20 kbps
The operators are still intensively investing in network infrastructure
and new band licenses in order to follow continuous market anxiety for
more throughput.
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

10. Service Requirements
Different Users Different
Different Different Network
Services Applications Requirements
Different Devices (SLA, QoS etc.)
Users and devices have different requirements which could
be explored more efficiently.
And for Mobile Network Services ...
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

11. Service Requirements
Different Users Different
Different Devices Different Different Network
Services Applications Requirements
Different Locations (SLA, QoS etc.)
… new requirement dimension: Location
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

12. Traffic and Revenue decoupling
Traffic
Revenue
Voice Dominant Data Dominant
New challenge: how to be profitable in data era?
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

13. Overall Oi’s Technology and Network Vision
Preparing Business and Preparing the legacy fixed
Operation Support System and mobile network for
into Service Oriented supporting IMS and its
Architecture interfaces.
Convergent
Multimedia &
Fixed and Deploying new broadband Broadband
Mobile Vertical access networks (FTTx, 3G,
Networks Implementing IMS and SDP Service
HSPA, LTE, WiMax ) Oriented
Network
Creating a flexible and programmable telecommunication
network for quickly and in time launching new services based on
own technology, partners and 3 rd party.
First step: Consistent network vision construction
with right architecture definition
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

14. Service Requirements and QoS Control
User Expectation & Business Requirements
QoE < > SLA
 SLA
descriptions
Service & Content Provider
Service Requirements
SLS Mapping into
SLS parameters
Network Operator
QoS Requirements & Network Configuration
Translating to
Admission
Control
network
configuration
parameters and
session rules.
Resource Policy
Reservation Control Network
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

15. QoS Control Phases
Provides new session
service authorization based
on service level Admission
requirements, packet
scheduling mechanisms, Control
resource load and network
capabilities Provides, per established
session, network policy
enforcement based on
Provides e2e resource negotiated QoS parameters
allocations based on session (traffic contract) and policy
service level requirements rules.
(traffic contract)
Resource Policy
Reservation Control
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

16. Policy Control
Responsible for offering applications that require
the control per session or flow.
Application It can forward to PDP setup information for taking
Function decision and applying policy rules in any stage of
session flow.
Responsible for primarily making policy decision
per session or flow basis. It authorizes QoS
resources for each flow using the setup
Policy information received via Application Server or PEP.
Decision Point It can use of additional mechanisms and protocols
(PDP) to achieve additional functionality such as user
authentication, accounting, policy information
storage, etc.
Network resources Responsible for applying the policy rules from
(transmission, access etc.) PDP, enforcing per session or flow basis the
current allowed traffic contract.
It receives a notification or a message that requires
a policy decision. Given such an event, the PEP
then formulates a request for a policy decision and
sends it to the PDP. The PDP returns the policy
decision and the PEP then enforces the policy
Policy Enforcement Point decision by appropriately accepting or denying the
(PEP) request.
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

17. Policy Control in Different Architectures
Application Function
Application
(P-CSCF, Service Control Functions, IPTV etc.) Function
Rx Gq’ Rs R5
S-PDF Rq PD-FE Rt
Policy
PCRF PF Decision
Point
RACF TRC-FE
Gx Ia Rw R3
Re Rn
PCEF BGF PE-FE SFA
(GGSN/ Policy
PGW) Enforcement
RECF TRE-FE SFM Point
3GPP TISPAN ITU-T WiMAX
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

18. 3GPP Policy & Charging Control Architecture
P-CSCF AF AF Application
Function
PDF
Gq Rx
Policy
Go PDF PCRF Decision
Point
Go Gx Sy
Charging
OCS Policy
GGSN GGSN Function GGSN
OFCS Enforcement
Ga CRF Gy/Gz Point
3GPP Release 5 3GPP Release 6 3GPP Release 7+
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

19. 3GPP Recommendations “Spectrum”
Access Network Core Network QoS Policy & Charging Charging System
Architecture
25.401/ 36.300 23.002 23.107 23.203 32.240
25.301 / 36.401 23.207
24.007 / 24.008
Protocol
25.413/36.413 29.002
23.060 / 23.401 / 23.228
25.331/36.331 29.212 / 29.213 / 29.214
29.228 32.251
Parameter
32.296
32.299
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

20. e2e 3GPP QoS Architecture
Performs the policy
and charging
Stores the QoS profile Analyzes and enforcement.
such as maximum bit takes a decision
rate, guarantee bit for right policy to
rate, priorities etc. be applied Provides credit
control and data
record for on-line
and off-line charging
Performs eficient respectively
Performs with RAN
packet scheduling by HLR/HSS OCS/
QoS policies from PCRF
using QoS parameter /SPR OFCS
HLR form home and Sp
from core network
roaming users.
(SPI, ARP, THP)
Gr/S6a Gx Gy/Gz
GGSN
SGSN Internet
(SGW
(MME)
Gb/IuPS/S1 Gn/S11 PGW) Gi/SGi
Radio Access Bearer CN Bearer
UMTS Bearer (PDP Context & QoS Profile) External Bearer
IP Bearer, Applicatin and Services
Based on recommendations 3GPP TS 23.107, 23.203 and 23.207
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

21. PCC Session Flows
PULL procedure(Provisioning solicited by
the PCEF): In response to a request for
PCC rules being made by the PCEF, as
CCR AAR, RAR
described in the preceding section, the
PCRF shall provision PCC rules in the CC-
Answer;
PCRF PCRF
PUSH procedure(Unsolicited
provisioning): The PCRF may decide to
provision PCC rules without obtaining a
CCA request from the PCEF, e.g. in response AAA, RAA
to information provided to the PCRF via
the Rx reference point, or in response to
an internal trigger within the PCRF.
UE GW PCRF
Initiated Initiated Initiated
Session Establishment 
Session Modification  
Session Termination   
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

22. PCC Session Establishment Flow Scenario
HLR/HSS OCS/
SGSN GGSN PCRF
/SPR OFCS
Update Location process and static QoS setup.
Activate PDP Context Request
Create PDP Context Request
[IMSI, QoS Subscribed, Charg.Characteristics, Credit Control Request
Location Info] [AVPs]
Profile Request
Policy Decision
Credit Control Application
[Policies, QoS Negotiated,
Event Trigger, Cherging Key]
CCR/CCA [charging key, quote]
Create PDP Context Response
[TEID, PDP Address, Protocol Configuration Options, QoS Negotiated, Charging Id,
Prohibit Payload Compression, APN Restriction, Cause, CGI/SAI/RAI change report required, BCM) ]
RadioAccessBearer Setup
Activate PDP Context Response
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

23. Role of Location Information in PCC
CCR The positioning information can be provided by the Event Reporting Function
(ERF).
PCRF The Event Reporting Function is located either at the PCEF or, at the BBERF (if
applicable).
CCA The PCRF subscribes to new event triggers or remove armed event triggers
[Event Triggers Arm] unsolicited at any time or upon receiving event report or rule request from the
PCEF (or BBERF).
CCR
[Event Trigger Report]
The PCEF (or BBERF) performs event trigger detection. When an event matching
PCRF the event trigger occurs, the PCEF shall report the occurred event to the PCRF.
CCA
[New Policy Rules]
Location change (serving cell) Location change (serving area) Location change (serving CN node)
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

24. Trigger support in Architetcure Evolution
3GPP TS 23.203
Event Triggers 8.0.0 8.1.1 8.4.0
PLMN change   
QoS change   
QoS change exceeding authorization   
Traffic mapping information change  
Resource modification request 
Change in type of IP‑CAN  
Loss/recovery of transmission resources  
Location change (serving cell) 
Location change (serving area) 
Location change (serving CN node) 
Out of credit 
Enforced PCC rule request 
UE IP address change 
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

25. Simplified PCC Flow based on Location Changed
HLR/HSS OCS/
SGSN GGSN PCRF
/SPR OFCS
Policy & Event
Trigger Set
Policy & Event Trigger Armed
Location change (serving cell, serving
area)
Event Trigger detected and informed
Credit Control Request
[Location Information]
Profile Request
Policy Decision
Credit Control Application
[Policies, QoS Negotiated]
PDP Context Modification CCR/CCA [charging key, quote]
RadioAccessBearer Setup
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

26. SUPL (Secure User Plane Location) Architecture
SMSC WAP IMS
Lup
Lup P-1
P-2 Lz
Gm
SET
Mobile
Location SUPL
Service Location
Application Platform
SUPL Agent Position Information
Core IP Network
Internet
Network
GPS capable
mobile terminal
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

27. SUPL as Service Enabler in PCC environment
SET
Mobile SUPL
Location Position Information
Location
Service Platform
Application
SUPL Agent
Web Services (or DIAMETER)
OCS/
PCRF
HLR/HSS/SPR OFCS
Sp
Gr/ Gx
S6a Gy/Gz
Gc
SGSN GGSN IP Network
Internet
MME S/PGW
Gb/ Gn/S11 Gi/SGi
IuPS/S1
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

28. Simplified PCC Flow based on Location Changed
SGSN HLR/HSS GGSN PCRF SUPL
/SPR
Update Location process and static QoS setup.
Session Establishment
Location Changed based on GPS information (lat-long) via data connection
Inform
Location via
API or Rx
Interface
Policy Decision
AAR/RAR
[PCC Rules Provision]
RadioAccessBearer Setup PDP Context Modification
AAA/RAA
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

29. Current Oi´s FMC Architecture Vision for PCC
GGSN IP Network
SGSN
S/PGW
MME Internet
(PCEF)
Gb/ Gn/S11 Gi/SGi
IuPS/ Gy/Gz
S1
OCS
Gx Applications
OFCS
Gr
PCRF
Enablers
Web Services
RACF
Sp
Ro/Rf
Rx
HSS
(NASS)
e4 Cx
Ia/Re IMS
Mc
MSAN/ IP Network
BGF/
ONU
RECF Internet
(AGW)
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

30. Conclusions
► Rapid and consistent mobile broadband consolidation, air interface technology advances and machine type
communication will bring a tsunami of IP data traffic. In the same time rapid service lifecycle forces new
services to be mature quickly, with low profitability.
► Different users have different service expectations and application QoE requirements. Service
customization based on device, network, access technology and location awareness is essential for fitting
customer experience improvement with right cost.
► Policy & Charging Control is a powerful tool for capturing opportunities and any service lifecycle stage:
Rating and charging services for developing compelling and competitive revenue models. Also PCC helps
to transform data into customer-centric intelligence supporting revenue assurance via real-time revenue
intelligence combined with monitoring and analysis.
► Unfortunately PCC architecture is still being formulated by SDOs with incipient definitions, and there is no
consensus in terms of element network roles, interfaces and protocols. It is imperative to be created by
operators a robust and proof of future network architecture vision.
► For mobile broadband services, 3GPP has a complete framework, but with mature definitions after release
8. In special, for location services, the event triggers are completely defined in release 8.40 with cellid
granularity.
► Other location service architecture must be investigated, such as OMA SUPL that introduces more location
accuracy, but it requires a terminal support and hard integration task
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area

31. Q&A
Alberto Boaventura
alberto@oi.net.br
+55 21 8875 4998