Presentation on Smart Cards and RFID(Radio Frequency Identification).

1. SMART CARDS & RFID
PRESENTED
BY
ANANT PATEL
(MT09IND010)

2. Smart Cards

3. Smart card
• Smart cards
– are often, called chip cards, or integrated
circuit(IC) cards.
– are used for data transmission, storage, and
processing.
– do not contain a power supply, a display or a
keyboard.

4. Smart card concepts
A smart card:
• can store data (e.g. profiles, balances, personal
data).
• is a microcomputer
• is small and personal
• is a secure device
1234 5678 8910
Anne Doe

5. Divided into two card type
1. memory cards ('dumb’ smart card)
2. microprocessor cards ('true' smart card)
i. contact cards &
ii. contactless cards

6. Memory cards
• hold up 1k to 4k of data
• used for prepaid cards for public phones or other
goods and services that are sold against
prepayment
• does not have a CPU so it has limited functions
and cannot be reprogramming
• also cannot be reused after the value in the card
is spent
• can be counterfeited relatively easily
• Low cost

7. Microprocessor cards
• contain a processor
– offer greatly increased security and
multifunctional capability
• data are never directly available to the external
applications
• Microprocessor controls data handling and
memory access according to passwords,
encryptions

8. Contact cards
• must be inserted in a card acceptance
device
• communicate with the outside world by
using serial communication interface.

9. Contactless cards
• communicate with the outside world through an
antenna wound into the card
• power can be provided by an internal battery or
can be collected by the antenna
• transmit data to a card acceptance device
through electromagnetic fields

10. Smart card architecture
Physical appearance:
Credit card or SIM dimensions
Contacts or contactless

11. What’s inside a smart card ?
CPU
Central Processing
Unit:
heart of the chip

12. What’s inside a smart card ?
CPU
security
logic
security logic:
detecting abnormal
conditions.

13. What’s inside a smart card ?
CPU
serial i/o
interface
security
logic
serial i/o
interface:
contact to the outside world

14. What’s inside a smart card ?
CPU
test
logic
serial i/o
interface
security
logic
test logic:
self-test procedures

15. What’s inside a smart card ?
CPU
test
logic
ROM
serial i/o
interface
security
logic
ROM:
– card operating system
– self-test procedures
– typically 16 kbytes
– future 32/64 kbytes

16. What’s inside a smart card ?
CPU
RAM
test
logic
ROM
serial i/o
interface
security
logic
RAM:
‘scratch pad’ of the
processor
typically 512 bytes
future 1 kbyte

17. What’s inside a smart card ?
CPU
RAM
test
logic
ROM
EEPROM
serial i/o
interface
security
logic
EEPROM:
–PIN code
–biometric template
–balance
–application code
–typically 8 kbytes
–future 32 kbytes

18. What’s inside a smart card ?
CPU
RAM
test
logic
ROM
EEPROM
serial i/o
interface
security
logic
databus databus:
connection between elements
of the chip
8 or 16 bits wide

19. Smart card chip

20. Worldwide Smart Cards Market
Forecast

21. Smart card application area’s
• Communication
• Entertainment
• Retail
• Transportation
• Health care
• Government
• E-commerce
• E-banking
• Education
• Office

22. Smart card applications (1)
• Retail
– Sale of goods
using Electronic Purses, Credit /
Debit
– Vending machines
– Loyalty programs
– Tags & smart labels
• Communication
– GSM
– Payphones
• Transportation
– Public Traffic
– Parking
– Car Protection
• Entertainment
– Pay-TV
– Public event access
control

23. Smart card applications (2)
• Healthcare
– Insurance data
– Personal data
– Personal file
• Government
– Identification
– Passport
– Driving license
• E-commerce
– sale of information
– sale of products
– sale of tickets, reservations
• E-banking
– access to accounts
– to do transactions
– shares

24. Smart card applications (3)
• Educational facilities
– Physical access
– Network access
– Personal data (results)
– Copiers, vending machines,
restaurants, ...
• Office
– Physical access
– Network access
– Time registration
– Secure e-mail & Web
applications

25. Conclusion
• Smart Card is an evolutionary product.
• Smart card technology is emerging,
applications are everywhere
• Smart cards enhance service and security
• Perfect security does not exist, even not for
smart cards
• Risk analysis is essential

26. Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID)
• RFID is a technology that uses radio-frequency
waves to transfer data between a reader and a
movable item to identify, categorize, track...
• RFID is fast, reliable, and does not require
physical sight or contact between
reader/scanner and the tagged item

27. Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID)

28. TAGs
A Tag is a transponder which receives a radio
signal and in response to it sends out a radio
signal.
Tag contains an antenna, and a small chip that
stores a small amount of data
 Tag is powered by the high power
electromagnetic field generated by the
antennas – usually in doorways
The field allows the chip/antenna to reflect
back an extremely weak signal containing the
data

29. TAG

30. TAGs
 Tags can be attached to
almost anything:
– pallets or cases of product
– vehicles
– company assets or personnel
– items such as apparel,
luggage, laundry
– people, livestock, or pets
– high value electronics such
as computers, TVs, camcorders

31. TAGs
Basic Types:
Active
• Tag transmits radio signal
• Battery powered memory
• High Read Range (300 feet)
Passive
• Tag reflects radio signal from reader
• Reader powered
• Shorter Read Range (4 inches - 15 feet)

32. READER
An RFID reader is a device that is used to
interrogate an RFID tag. The reader has an
antenna that emits radio waves; the tag
responds by sending back its data.
The reader has two basic components –
A scanning antenna
A transceiver with a decoder to interpret the data

33. READER
• Readers (interrogators) can be at a fixed point
such as
– Entrance/exit
– Point of sale
– Warehouse
• Readers can also be
mobile -- tethered,
hand-held, or wireless

34. READER
Mobile Reader

35. READER
Fixed Point Reader

36. The EPC Code
• The objective of the Electronic Product Code (EPC) is to
provide unique identification of physical objects.

37. The EPC Code
• Eg. 613.23000.123456.123456789 (96 bits)
• Header – defines data type (8 bits)
• EPC Manager – describes originator of EPC
(Product manufacturer)
• (34 bits)
• Object Class - Could describe the product type
(20 Bits)
• Serial Number – Unique ID for that product item
(34 Bits)

38. RFID Middleware
• Middleware provides reader connectivity to other systems on
the network, translates that data and transmits it to other
applications.

39. APPLICATIONS
• Portal Applications
 8’ X 10’ doorways
 Electronic receipt & dispatch
 Wrong destination alert
 Electronic marking
 Pallet/container item tracking

40. APPLICATIONS
• Conveyor/Assembly Line
60+ items per containers
Longer tunnel more items
Electronic receipt
Sorting
Electronic marking

41. APPLICATIONS
• Shopping Centers.

42. RFID Cards in China
• The Chinese government is installing RFID readers
throughout the city of Shenzhen to track movements
of citizens.
– Chips in Chinese national ID cards contain not just
a number, but a person's work history, education,
religion, ethnicity, police record.

43. THANK YOU