Inflammation is associated with virtually all chronic, progressive diseases such as heart disease, vascular disease, asthma, IBS, autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and even chronic neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. The signals that induce inflammation are multifactorial. High dose omega 3 has the potential to be as or more effective than pharmaceutical therapies. We will report on a series of omega 3 studies that compared dose response, dose timing, (e.g. once a day or twice a day), and food intake (with or without) in four separate cohorts.

1. Dr Jeff Leighton, Chief Science Officer
and
Vanessa Whiting, Senior Nutritionist

2. # of
Health
Benefits
DOSE
Variables:
• Exercise
• BMI
• Diet
• Chronic Disease
• Age
• Gender
CV.…………………….2-3 grams
TGs…………………….4 grams
Inflammation………..> 4 grams
CNS……………………?
Women’s Health…….?
G.I. (Leaky Gut)……..?

3. # of
Health
Benefits
Max
3 6 9 12 15
?
% Omega 3 Incorporation
• We need to correlate % omega 3 incorporation with health benefit
• Assuming the use of a highly potent omega 3 oil and an optimized
formulation and dosing regimen, what is the practical upper limit to omega
3 oil incorporation?

4. • Abstain from all Omega 3 supplements for 30 days
• Measure Omega 3 (baseline)
• Dose for 30 days
• Food and exercise survey filled out on a daily basis allowing
verification of diet, exercise and pain
• Measure Omega 3
• In a subset group, measured rate of loss of Omega 3 (7 day
and 30 day)
Study involved 136 volunteers
Volunteers were recruited largely from the Northeast region

5. Omega 3 Index Assay
• Developed by Dr. Bill Harris
• CLEA Approved finger prick assay
• Detects % of Omega 3 fats in RBC membranes
SFH Omega 3 Oil
• IFOS certified
• CRN, GOED compliant
• Dose strength per 5 ml (1 teaspoon)
• EPA 2235mg
• DHA 990mg
• Total 3225mg/ 5 ml
• Ratio Omega 3: Omega 6 37:1
• Fatty acids are in triglyceride form

6. 1. What is the best dosing paradigm to optimize Omega 3 fat incorporation?
• Once a day?
• Twice a day?
• With food?
• 1 tsp vs 2 tsp of SFH Omega 3 oil?
2. Does BMI, gender, age, exercise or chronic disease affect Omega 3 fat
incorporation?
3. What is the rate of loss of Omega 3 fats following a steady state dosing
period?

7. 100
25
-25
-50
50
75
Basal
14.6/
5.35
34.9/
6.30
17.5/ 5.49
79/ 8.36
122/ 10.38
220/ 15.04
Ave 4.67%
Athletes
Fish 1x week, no omega 3 oil
No fish and no fish oil
1 tps fish oil, no food
2 tps fish oil, no food
2 tps fish oil BID
2 tps fish oil with food once a day
42% 20%
No nuts, low carb, red meat ≤ 3x/ week
Dose Optimization
summary
99/ 9.29
121/ 10.32

8. BMI Diet Number Baseline % Stimulated %
18-25 Stand.
American
13 4.78 9.55
Low Carb 16 5.52 9.60
25-30 Stand.
American
13 4.56 8.87
Low Carb 17 5.01 8.34
>30 Stand.
American
8 5.23 8.32
Low Carb 4 4.50 8.17
Conclusion: the combination of low carb and low BMI
translates into greater basal and stimulated omega 3

9. BMI Number Inflammation? Baseline % Stimulated %
18-25 9 Yes 5.78 9.15
21 No 5.20 9.70
25-30 9 Yes 5.05 8.78
22 No 4.68 8.38
>30 5 Yes 4.72 8.60
7 No 4.75 8.61
* Inflammation does not affect Omega 3 incorporation. As in other
studies, individuals with BMI >25 have lower baseline and stimulated
Omega 3 incorporation

10. Number Baseline % Stimulated %
ALL 73 4.93 8.95
Males 25 4.30 7.64
Females 48 5.04 9.07
Conclusion: Females have higher baseline and are
more efficient incorporating Omega 3 Oil

11. BMI Number Baseline % Stimulated %
18-25
ALL 32 5.18 9.58
Males 5 5.12 9.80
Females 27 5.20 9.54
25-30
ALL 30 4.94 8.61
Males 17 4.98 8.52
Females 13 4.90 8.72
>30
ALL 12 4.57 8.60
Male 3 4.36 7.83
Female 9 4.64 8.86
Conclusion: Effects of BMI on Omega 3 incorporation are modest but a
healthy BMI shows higher baseline and higher incorporation efficiency

12. BMI Number Pre Post Baseline % Stimulated %
18-25 22  5.27 9.43
3  4.46 9.90
25-30 10  5.18 8.39
4  4.27 8.70
>30 5  4.07 8.24
4  5.07 9.65
Estrogen state has little effect on omega 3 oil incorporation
(preliminary conclusion). Larger study group required.

13. %
Change
from
baseline
50
80
100
X
30
X
9.71%X
7.36%
5.61%
Steady
State
10 20
N=10, all athletes, athlete baseline 5.41%
T ½ for Omega 3 loss approximately 7 days
Rate of loss of
omega 3
incorporation
0
Days

14. 1. Individuals with a healthy BMI (18-25) have higher basal and stimulated omega 3
incorporation.
2. There is considerable dosing flexibility. A BID dose or once a day just before or with
food provides optimal omega 3 incorporation.
3. It is possible to increase omega 3 incorporation to approximately 15% with a low carb/
low omega 6 diet (no nuts, with fish and red meat ≤ 3 days / week).
4. Individuals in generally good health, but not athletic have an average omega 3 basal
incorporation of 4.67%.
5. Athletes have a higher basal omega 3 incorporation of 5.35%
6. Age and diagnosed inflammation have no effect on omega 3 fat incorporation.
7. Women have a higher basal and stimulated omega 3 oil incorporation.
8. Surprisingly, the t ½ for omega 3 loss is short (approximately 7 days) despite being a
lipid soluble fatty acid. The observation was from a group of 10 athletes where
exercise induced cell metabolism would be expected to increase turnover of muscle
and energy stores.
9. With modest changes in diet, it is reasonable to achieve 9-10% incorporation of
omega 3 into cell membranes
What are the maximum number of health benefits achieved with 10%
omega 3 oil incorporation… TBD!