A war artist creates visual depictions of war through art. Their work aims to visually and sensorially record aspects of war that may be absent from written histories. War artists have been officially appointed by governments to document military activities, but others also depict their experiences of war, including combatants, witnesses, and prisoners of war. The document then provides examples of war artists from several countries who have documented different conflicts throughout history.

1. War artist
From Wikipedia,the free encyclopedia
For information about the genre, see Military art.
This article's lead section may not adequately summarize key points of its
contents. Please considerexpanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all
important aspects of the article. (June 2011)
A war artist depicts some aspect of war through art. The art might be a pictorial record, or it might
commemorate how war shapes lives.[1]
War artists explore the visual and sensory dimensions of war, often
absent in written histories or other accounts of warfare.[2]
Contents
[hide]
 1 Definition and context
 2 American
 3 Australian
 4 Austrian
 5 British
 6 Belgian
 7 Canadian
 8 Chinese
 9 Dutch
 10 French
 11 German
 12 Japanese
 13 Korean
 14 New Zealand
 15 Russian
 16 South African
 17 Spanish
 18 See also
 19 Notes
 20 References
 21 Further reading

2.  22 External links
Definition and context[edit source | editbeta]
A war artist creates a visual account of the impact of war by showing men and women are waiting, preparing,
fighting, suffering, celebrating,[3]
or destroyed, as in Vasily Vereshchagin's 1871 painting, The Apotheosis of
War.
The works produced by war artists illustrate and record many aspects of war and the individual's experience of
war, whether allied or enemy, service or civilian, military or political, social or cultural. The role of the artist and
his work embrace the causes, course, and consequences of conflict, and has an essentially educational
purpose.[4]
Artists record military activities in ways that cameras and the written word cannot. Their art collects and distills
the experiences of the men and women who endured in it.[5]
The artists and their artwork affect how
subsequent generations view military conflicts. For example, Australian war artists who grew up between the
two world wars were influenced by the artwork which depicted the First World War, and there was a precedent
and format for them to follow.[6]
Official war artists have been appointed by governments for information or propaganda purposes and to record
events on the battlefield;[7]
but there are many other types of war artists. These can include combatants who
are artists and choose to record their experiences, non-combatants who are witnesses of war, and prisoners of
war who may voluntarily record the conditions or be appointed war artists by senior officers.
In New Zealand, the title of appointed "war artist" changed to "army artist" after the two world wars.[8]
In the
United States, the term "combat artist" has come to be used to mean the same thing.[9][10]
Some examples and their background[edit source | editbeta]
William Simpson was an artist-correspondent who sent artwork to London from the front during the Crimean
War.[11]
Alfred Waud was anAmerican civil war pictorial newspaper illustrator. Ogata Gekkō and Tsuguharu
Foujita created woodblock prints for Japanese publications.Ronald Searle recorded life in Japanese POW
camps.[12][13]
Emmanuel Leutze's 1851 studio painting of Washington Crossing the Delawareis historically
incorrect, and Leutze was born decades after the event his painting depicts, but this work has become an icon
of popular culture.
American[edit source | editbeta]
Main articles: American official war artists, United States Army Art Program, and United States Air Force Art
Program

3. Michael Fay is an official US Marine w ar artist, one of only three w hose w orkdepicts the battlefronts in Iraq and Afghanistan
(2007)
The American panorama created by artists whose work focuses on war began with a visual account of
the American Revolutionary War. The war artist or combat artist captures instantaneous action and conflates
earlier moments of the same scene within one compelling image. Artists are unlike the objective camera lens,
which records only a single instant and no more.[14]
In 1917 the American military designated American official war artists, who were sent to Europe to record the
activities of the American Expeditionary Forces.[15]
In World War II, the Navy Combat Art Program ensured that
active-duty artists developed a record of all phases of the war and all major naval operations.[14]
The official war artist continued to be supported in some military engagements. Teams of soldier-artists during
the Vietnam War created pictorial accounts and interpretations for the annals of army military history.[16]
Since
1992 the Army Staff Artist Program was attached to the United States Army Center of Military History as a
permanent part of the Museum Division's Collections Branch.[15]
The majority of combat artists of the 1970s were selected by George Gray, chairman of NACAL, Navy Air
Cooperation and Liaison committee. Some of their paintings will be selected for the Navy Combat Art Museum
in the capital by Charles Lawrence, director. (Hickok, 1978) In January 1978 the U.S. Navy chose a seascape
specialist team: they asked Patricia Yaps and Wayne Dean, both of Milford, Connecticut, to capture air-sea
rescue missions off of Key West while they were based at the nearby Naval Air Station Key West. They were
among 78 artists selected that year to create works of art depicting navy subjects.[17][18][19]
Selected artists
A select list of representative American artists includes:
This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can
help by expanding it withreliably sourced entries.
Revolutionary War[edit source | editbeta]
 Ralph Earl

4.  Emmanuel Leutze
 William B.T. Trego
 John Trumbull
Civil War[edit source | editbeta]
 Alonzo Chappel
 Edwin Forbes
 Gilbert Gaul
 Winslow Homer
 Thomas Nast
 Keith Rocco[20]
 Julian Scott
 Xanthus Russell Smith
 Alfred Waud
 William Waud
Spanish-American War[edit source | editbeta]
 Howard Chandler Christy Newspaper
 William Glackens Newspaper
 Henry Reuterdahl Newspaper
 Walter Russell Newspaper
World War I[edit source | editbeta]
Gassed, 1918, by John Singer Sargent. Oil on canvas, 231 x 611.1cm (91 x 240.5in). Collection of the Imperial War
Museum, London
 William James Aylward[21]
 Walter Jack Duncan[21]
 Harvey Thomas Dunn[21]
 Kerr Eby Marines
 George Matthews Harding[21]

5.  Wallace Morgan[21]
 Ernest Clifford Peixotto[22]
 John Singer Sargent
 J. Andre Smith[22]
 Harry Everett Townsend, Army[22]
 Claggett Wilson Army
World War II[edit source | editbeta]
 Standish Backus, 1910–1989
 McClelland Barclay, 1891–1942[23]
 George Biddle, 1885–1973
 Aaron Bohrod, 1907–1992[24]
 Howard Brodie, 1915–2010[25][26]
 Jack Coggins, 1914–2006[24]
 Raymond Creekmore, 1905–1984
 Olin Dows[27]
 Edward Dugmore, 1915–1996[24]
 William Franklin Draper, 1912–2003[28][29]
 Nathan Glick Army Air Force
 Mitchel Jamieson, 1915–1976
 Ludwig Mactarian, 1908-1955
 John Cullen Murphy, 1919–2004[24]
 Edward Reep, 1918– [25][30]
 Henry Varnum Poor, 1887–1970
 Dwight Shepler (died 1974)
 Mitchell Siporin, 1910–1976
Vietnam era[edit source | editbeta]
Soldier Artist Participants in the U. S. Army Vietnam Combat Artists Program

6. Landing Zone by John O. Wehrle, CAT I, 1966, Courtesy of the National Museum of the United States Army
 CAT I, 15 Aug – 15 Dec 1966, Roger A. Blum (Stillwell, KS), Robert C. Knight (Newark, NJ), Ronald E.
Pepin (East Hartford, CT), Paul Rickert (Philadelphia, PA), Felix R. Sanchez (Fort Madison, IA), John O.
Wehrle (Dallas, TX), and supervisor, Frank M. Sherman
 CAT II, 15 Oct 1966 – 15 Feb 1967, Augustine G. Acuna (Monterey, CA), Alexander A. Bogdanovich
(Chicago, IL), Theodore E. Drendel (Naperville, IL), David M. Lavender (Houston, TX), Gary W. Porter (El
Cajon, CA), and supervisor, Carolyn M. O'Brien
 CAT III, 16 Feb – 17 June 1967, Michael R. Crook (Sierra Madre, CA), Dennis O. McGee (Castro Valley,
CA), Robert T. Myers (White Sands Missile Range, NM), Kenneth J. Scowcroft (Manassas, VA), Stephen
H. Sheldon (Los Angeles, CA), and supervisor, C. Bruce Smyser
 CAT IV, 15 Aug – 31 Dec 1967, Samuel E. Alexander (Philadelphia, MS), Daniel T. Lopez (Fresno, CA),
Burdell Moody (Mesa, AZ), James R. Pollock (Pollock, SD), Ronald A. Wilson (Alhambra, CA), and
technical supervisor, Frank M. Thomas
 CAT V, 1 Nov 1967 – 15 March 1968, Warren W. Buchanan (Kansas City, MO), Philip V. Garner
(Dearborn, MI), Phillip W. Jones (Greensboro, NC), Don R. Schol (Denton, TX), John R. Strong (Kanehoe,
HI), and technical supervisor, Frank M. Thomas
 CAT VI, 1 Feb – 15 June 1968, Robert T. Coleman (Grand Rapids, MI), David N. Fairrington (Oakland,
CA), John D. Kurtz IV (Wilmington, DE), Kenneth T. McDaniel (Paris, TN), Michael P. Pala (Bridgeport,
CT)
 CAT VII, 15 Aug – 31 Dec 1968, Brian H. Clark (Huntington, NY), William E. Flaherty Jr. (Louisville, KY),
William C. Harrington (Terre Haute, IN), Barry W. Johnston (Huntsville, AL), Stephen H. Randall (Des
Moines, IA), and supervisor, Fitzallen N. Yow
 CAT VIII, 1 Feb – 15 June 1969, Edward J. Bowen (Carona Del Mar, CA), James R. Drake (Colorado
Springs, CO), Roman Rakowsky (Cleveland, OH), Victory V. Reynolds (Idaho Falls, ID), Thomas B.
Schubert (Chicago, IL), and supervisor, Fred B. Engel

7.  CAT IX, 1 Sept 1969 – 14 Jan 1970, David E. Graves (Lawrence, KS), James S. Hardy (Coronado, CA),
William R. Hoettels (San Antonio, TX), Bruce N. Rigby (Dekalb, IL), Craig L. Stewart (Laurel, MD), and
supervisor, Edward C. Williams
Recent conflicts[edit source | editbeta]
 Kristopher Battles, Iraq and Afghanistan[9]
 Henry Casselli[31]
 Michael D. Fay, Iraq and Afghanistan[9]
 Robert W. Bates, Afghanistan[32][33]
 Victor Juhasz, Afghanistan[34]
Australian[edit source | editbeta]
Main article: Australian official war artists
War artists have depicted all the conflicts in which Australians have been called to combat. The Australian
tradition of "official war artists"started with the First World War. Artists were granted permission to accompany
the Australian Imperial Force to record the activities of its soldiers. During the Second World War, the
Australian War Museum, later called the Australian War Memorial, engaged artists. At the same time,
the Australian Army, Royal Australian Navy, and Royal Australian Air Force appointed official war artist-soldiers
from within their ranks.[35]
These embedded war artists have depicted the activities of Australian forces
in Korea, Vietnam, East Timor, Afghanistan, and Iraq.
The ranks of non-soldier artists like George Gittoes continue to create artwork which becomes a commentary
on Australia's military actions in war.[36]
Selected artists
A select list of representative Australian artists includes:
This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can
help by expanding it withreliably sourced entries.
Second Boer War[edit source | editbeta]

8. Australians and New Zealanders atKlerksdorp 24 March 1901 by Charles Hammond
 William Dargie CBE, 1912–2003[37]
First World War[edit source | editbeta]
 George Bell, 1878–1966[38]
 Charles Bryant, 1883–1937[38]
 Will Dyson, 1880–1938[38]
 A. Henry Fullwood, 1863–1930[38]
 George Lambert ARA, 1873–1930[38]
 Fred Leist, 1878–1945[38]
 John Longstaff, 1862–1941[38]
 Louis Frederick McCubbin, 1890–1952[39]
 Harold Septimus Power, 1877–1951[38]
 James Quinn, 1869–1951[38]
 Arthur Streeton, 1867–1943[38]
Second World War[edit source | editbeta]
 Stella Bowen, 1893–1947[40]
 Colin Colahan, 1897–1987[41]
 William Dargie CBE, 1912–2003[40]
 William Dobell OBE, 1899–1970[42]
 Russell Drysdale AC, 1912–1981[43]
 Richard Eurich, OBE, RA, 1903–1992[44]
 Murray Griffin, 1903–1992[40]
 Nora Heysen AM, 1911–2003[40]
 Frank Hodgkinson AM, 1919–2001[40]
 Nora Heysen AM, 1911–2003[40]
 Alan Moore, 1915– [40]
 Sydney Nolan OM, AC, 1917–1992.[45]
 William Edwin Pidgeon, 1909–1981
 Grace Cossington Smith AO, 1892–1984[46]
Recent conflicts[edit source | editbeta]
 Rick Amor, 1948– , Peacekeeping in East Timor.[47]

9.  Conway Bown, 1966– , Australian Army War Artist [48]
 Peter Churcher, 1964– , War on Terrorism.[47]
 George Gittoes AM, 1949– .[36]
 Shaun Gladwell, 1972– , War in Afghanistan.[47]
 Ivor Hele, 1912–1993, Korean War[47]
 Ken McFadyen, 1939–1997, Vietnam War[47]
 Lewis Miller, 1959– , War in Iraq.[47]
 Frank Norton, 1916–1983, Korean War[47]
 Wendy Sharpe, 1960– , Peacekeeping in East Timor[47]
Austrian[edit source | editbeta]
 Alfred Basel
 Roman Zenzinger
British[edit source | editbeta]
Main article: British official war artists
British participation in foreign wars has been the subject of paintings and other works created by Britain's war
artists. Artwork like the 1688 painting,The Fleet at Sea by Willem van de Velde the Younger depict the Royal
Navy in readiness for battle. The Ministry of Defence art cvollection includes many paintings showing battle
scenes, particularly naval battles.[49]
Military art and portraiture has evolved along with other aspects of war.
The British official war artists of the First World War created a unique account of that conflict. The British War
Artists Scheme expanded the number of official artists and enlarged the scope of their activities during the
Second War.[50]
Significant themes in the chronicle of twentieth-century wars have been developed by non-military, non-official,
civilian artists. For example, society portraitist Arabella Dorman's paintings of wounded Iraq War veterans
inspired her to spend two weeks with three regiments in different frontline areas: the Green Jackets at Basra
Palace, the Queen's Own Gurkhas at Shaibah Logistics Base ten miles south-west of Basra, and the Queen's
Royal Lancers in the Maysaan desert. In the field, Dorman drew quick charcoal portraits of the men she met.
Returning to England, the sketches she made helped her use art to "evoke the emotions and psychological
impact of war," rather than depicting the "physical horror" of war.[51]
Selected artists
A select list of representative British artists includes:
This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can
help by expanding it withreliably sourced entries.

10. Napoleonic Wars[edit source | editbeta]
The Fall of Nelson, Battle of Trafalgar, 21 October 1805 by Denis Dighton, c. 1825
The Last Stand at Isandlwana, 1879 byCharles Edw in Fripp in 1885. Collection of the National Army Museum of South
Africa
 Denis Dighton, 1792–1827[52]
 Robert Ker Porter, 1777–1842[53]
 John Christian Schetky,1778–1874[49]
Crimean War[edit source | editbeta]
 Jerry Barrett, 1824–1906[54]
 Oswald Brierly, 1817–1894[55]
 William Simpson 1823–1899[56]
Boer Wars[edit source | editbeta]
 John Henry Frederick Bacon, 1868–1914[57]
 René Bull, 1872–1942
 Charles Edwin Fripp, 1854–1906[58]
 Godfrey Douglas Giles, 1857–1941[59]
 Ernest Prater, 1864–1950[60]
 Melton Prior, 1845–1910[61]

11.  Frederic Villiers, 1851–1922
 William Barnes Wollen, 1857–1936
First World War[edit source | editbeta]
 Muirhead Bone, 1888–1953.[62]
 Eric Kennington RA, 1888–1960.[63]
 John Hodgson Lobley RA, 1878–1954.[64][65]
 John Nash CBE RA, 1893–1977.[66]
 Paul Nash, 1889-1946.[67]
 C.R.W. Nevinson, 1889-1946.[68]
 Sir William Orpen KBE RA RHA, 1878–1931.[69]
Second World War[edit source | editbeta]
 Edward Ardizzone CBE RA, 1900–1979[70]
Portrait of POW "Dusty" Rhodes. A three-minute sketch by Ashley George Oldpainted in Thailand in 1944
 Edward Bawden RA, 1903–1989[71]
 Henry Carr RA, 1894–1970[72]
 Jack Bridger Chalker, 1918–

12.  Anthony Gross, 1905-1984[73][74]
 Bernard Hailstone, 1910–1987[62]
 Thomas Hennell, 1903–1945[62]
 Eliot Hodgkin, 1905–1987 [75]
 Laura Knight DBE RA, 1877–1970[76]
 Philip Meninsky, 1919–2007.[77]
 Ashley George Old, 1913–2001[78]
 Cuthbert Orde, 1888–1968[79]
 John Piper 1903–1992
 Roland Vivian Pitchforth, 1911–1999[62]
 Eric Ravilious, 1903–1942[80]
 Albert Richards, 1919–1945[81]
 Henry Rushbury, KCVO RA 1898–1968
 Ronald Searle CBE RDI, 1920– [12]
 Ruskin Spear RA, 1911–1990[82]
 Graham Sutherland OM, 1903–1980[83]
 Carel Weight CBE RA, 1908–1997[84]
Recent conflicts[edit source | editbeta]
 Richard Johnson, b. 1966
 Derek Eland, b. 1961 (Afghanistan, 2011)[85]
 Peter Howson, b. 1958[86][87]
 John Keane, b. 1954 [86][88]
 Linda Kitson, b. 1945 (Falklands, 1982)[86][89][90]
 Xavier Pick, b. 1972 (Iraq with British and US Forces, 2009-2011)
Belgian[edit source | editbeta]
First World War[edit source | editbeta]
 Alfred Bastien, 1873—1955[91]
Canadian[edit source | editbeta]
Main article: Canadian official war artists

13. Canadian Forestry Corps' Gas Attack, Lievin (1918) by Canadian w ar artist A. Y. Jackson
Representative works by Canada's artists whose work illustrates and records war are gathered into the
extensive collection of the Canadian War Museum. A few First World War paintings were exhibited in
the Canadian Senate Chamber, and artists studied these works as a way of preparing to create new artworks
in the conflict in Europe which expanded after 1939.[92]
“
"The war art commissions brought intense focus to the observation of Canada's role in
international conflict... A driving need for a strong national identity urged First and Second World
War artists toward symbolism. While these vivid images are of a now distant past,they continue to
communicate their messages to us, and so never lose their relevance."[93] ”
In the Second World War, Canada expanded its official art program;[92]
Canadian war artists were a kind of
journalist who lived the lives of soldiers.[93]
The work of non-official civilian artists also became part of the record
of this period. Canada supported Canadian official war artists in both the First World War and the Second
World War; no official artists were designated during the Korean War.[94]
Among Canada's embedded artist-journalist teams was Richard Johnson, who was sent by the National Post to
Afghanistan in 2007 and 2011; his drawings of Canadian troops were published and posted online as part of
the series "Kandahar Journal".[95]
Selected artists
A select list of representative Canadian artists includes:
This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can
help by expanding it withreliably sourced entries.
First World War[edit source | editbeta]
 John William Beatty, 1869–1941[93]
 Alexander Young Jackson CC CMG, 1882–1974[93]
 Arthur Lismer CC, 1885–1969[93]

14. Capt. Will Ogilvie, Official army w ar artist, w ith some of his paintings, 9 February 1944
 Frederick Varley, 1881–1969[93]
Second World War[edit source | editbeta]
 Eric Aldwinckle, 1909-1980[96]
 Donald Kenneth Anderson, 1920–2009[97]
 Alan Brockman Beddoe OC OBE HFHS FHSC, 1893–1975[98]
 Molly Lamb Bobak CM ONB, 1922– [99]
 David Alexander Colville PC CC ONS, 1920–2013[100]
 Charles Fraser Comfort OC, 1900–1994[101]
 Lawren P. Harris, 1910-1994
 William Abernethy Ogilvie CM MBE, 1901–1989
 George Campbell Tinning RCA (Royal Canadian Academy of Arts), 1910-1996[102]
 Jack Shadbolt OC OBC, 1909–1998[93]
Recent conflicts[edit source | editbeta]
 Richard Johnson, b. 1966
 Edward Zuber, b. 1932 [103]
Chinese[edit source | editbeta]
 Li Hua
 Feng Zikai
Dutch[edit source | editbeta]
 Pieter Snayers

15.  Philips Wouwerman
French[edit source | editbeta]
French w ar art poster byHenri Dangon, 1916. Lithograph by Imp. H. Chachoin, Paris
During the First World War, the work of artists depicting aspects of the military conflict were put on display in
official war art exhibitions.[104]
In 1916 the Ministry of Beaux-Arts and the Ministry of War sponsored the Salon
des Armées to show the work of the artists who had been mobilized. This one exhibition realized 60,000 francs.
The proceeds supported needy artists at home and the disabled.[104]
 Hippolyte Bellangé
 Nicolas Toussaint Charlet
 Edouard Detaille
 Antoine-Jean Gros
 Constantin Guys
 Eugène Louis Lami
 Louis-François, Baron Lejeune
 Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier
 Alphonse-Marie de Neuville
 Paul Philippoteaux
 Paul Alexandre Protais
 Denis Auguste Marie Raffet
 Carle Vernet
 Horace Vernet

16.  Antoine Watteau
 Adolphe Yvon
German[edit source | editbeta]
Main article: German official war artists
 Emmanuel Leutze
 Adolf Menzel
Franco-Prussian War[edit source | editbeta]
 Georg Bleibtreu
 Wilhelm Camphausen
 Emil Hünten
 Carl Röchling
 Anton von Werner
First World War[edit source | editbeta]
 Luitpold Adam[105]
 Otto Dix
 Theodor Rocholl
Second World War[edit source | editbeta]
 Luitpold Adam[106]
 Heinrich Amersdorffer[107]
 Conrad Hommel[108]
 Alfred Hierl[108]
Recent conflicts[edit source | editbeta]
 Frauke Eigen, b. 1969[109][110]
Japanese[edit source | editbeta]
Main article: Japanese official war artists
 Kubota Beisen, 1852–1906[111]
 Toyohara Chikanobu, 1838–1912[112]
 Tsuguharu Foujita, 1886–1968[113]

17.  Ogata Gekkō, 1859–1920[114]
 Toshihide Migita, 1862–1925[115]
 Utagawa Yoshiiku, 1833–1904[116]
Korean[edit source | editbeta]
 Kim Seong-hwan, 1932– [117]
New Zealand[edit source | editbeta]
Main article: New Zealand official war artists
War artists have been appointed by the government to supplement the record of New Zealand’s military
history.[118]
The title of "war artist" changed to "army artist" when Ion Brown was appointed after the two world
wars.[119]
Conservators at the National Art Gallery considered the collection to be of historic rather than artistic worth; few
were displayed.[120]
New Zealand's National Collection of War Art encompasses the work of artists who were
working on commission for the Government as official war artists, while others created artworks for their own
reasons.[121]
Selected artists
A select list of representative New Zealand artists includes:
This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can
help by expanding it withreliably sourced entries.
First World War[edit source | editbeta]
Bellevue Ridge, 1918 by New Zealand official w ar artist George Edmund Butler
 George Edmund Butler[122]
 Nugent Herman[119]
Second World War[edit source | editbeta]

18.  James Boswell, 1906–1971[123]
 Russell Clark, 1905–1966[124]
 John McIndoe, 1898–1995;[125]
 Peter McIntyre OBE, 1910–1995[126]
Recent conflicts[edit source | editbeta]
 Graham Braddock[119]
 Ion Brown,[127]
Bosnia and Croatia[119]
 Matthew Gauldie,[128]
Solomon Islands and Afghanistan[129]
Russian[edit source | editbeta]
 Nikolai Dmitriev-Orenburgsky
 Rudolf Frentz
 Nikolay Karazin
 Franz Roubaud
 Vasily Vereshchagin
The Third of May 1808: The Execution of the Defenders of Madrid, 1814, byFrancisco Goya. Oil on canvas. 266 x 345cm.
Collection of the Museo del Prado
South African[edit source | editbeta]
 Neville Lewis (World War II)
Spanish[edit source | editbeta]
 Francisco de Goya, Los desastres de la guerra, 1810s
 Pablo Picasso, Guernica, 1937.
 Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau 1964 [130]

19. See also[edit source | editbeta]
 Norman Wilkinson (artist)
 War photography
Notes[edit source | editbeta]
1. ^ Imperial War Museum (IWM), header phrase,"war shapes lives"
2. ^ Australian War Memorial (AWM): Australian official war artists
3. ^ Canadian War Museum (CWM), "Australia, Britain, and Canada in the Second World War," 2005.
4. ^ "About the Imperial War Museum".Iwm.org.uk.Retrieved 2012-07-15.
5. ^ U.S. Naval Historical Center (NHHC),"World War II Navy Art: A Vision of History,", 2001
6. ^ Reid, John B. (1977). Australian Artists at War, Vol. 2, p. 5.
7. ^ National Archives (UK), "'The Art of War,' Learn About the Art."
8. ^ Gauldie,Matt. "History of the NZ Army Artist"
9. ^ a b c "With Sketchpads and Guns,Semper Fi";
10. ^ "Marine Art,". Nytimes.com.2010-07-14.Retrieved 2012-07-15.
11. ^ Harrington,Peter. "The FirstTrue War Artist," MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History, Vol. 9, No.
1, Autumn 1996,pp. 100–109.
12. ^ a b
Steve Bell. "Ronald Searle:a life in pictures,".Guardian.Retrieved 2012-07-15.
13. ^ Grove, Valerie. "Aged 90, Ronald Searle recalls the bad girls of St Trinian's,"The Times (London).
February 20, 2010.
14. ^ a b
"Navy CombatArt Program".History.navy.mil. 1966-09-15.Retrieved 2012-07-15.
15. ^ a b United States Army Center of Military History(CMH), Army Art Program History.
16. ^ Pollock. "U.S. Army Vietnam CombatArt Program".Pie.midco.net.Retrieved 2012-04-21.
17. ^ Oline Cogdill,Official CombatArtists; They 'Capture'the Navy, People Today, March 11, 1978
18. ^ Andree Hickok, 2 Combatartists capture life and death on canvas, The Sunday PostCloseup F-1, July 2,
1978
19. ^ Virginia Adams, Navy Draft Patricia YAps as combatartist, The News-Times,July 10, 1978
20. ^ Rocco, Keith et al. (2004).The Soldier's View: The Civil War Art of Keith Rocco.
21. ^ a b c d e
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24. References[edit source | editbeta]
 McCloskey, Barbara. (2005). Artists of World War II. Westport:Greenwood Press.10-ISBN 0313321531/13-
ISBN 9780313321535;OCLC 475496457
 Nussbaum,Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
10-ISBN 0-674-01753-6;13-ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5;OCLC 48943301
 Okamoto,Shumpei and Donald Keene.(1983).Impressions ofthe Front: Woodcuts of the Sino Japanese War,
1894–95.Philadelphia:Philadelphia Museum ofArt. OCLC 179964815
Further reading[edit source | editbeta]
 Brandon,Laura.(2008). Art and War. New York: I.B. Tauris.10-ISBN 1845112377/13-ISBN
9781845112370;OCLC 225345535
 Cork, Richard.(1994). A Bitter Truth: Avant-garde Art and the Great War. New Haven: Yale University Press.10-
ISBN 0300057040/13-ISBN 9780300057041;OCLC 185692286
 Foot, Michael Richard Daniel.(1990). Art and War: Twentieth Century Warfare as Depicted by War Artists.
London:Headline.10-ISBN 0747202869/13-ISBN 9780747202868;OCLC 21407670
 Gallatin,Albert Eugene.(1919). Art and the Great War. New York: E.P. Dutton. OCLC 422817
 Hodgson,Pat(1977). The War Illustrators. London:Osprey. OCLC 462210052
 Johnson,Peter (1978). Front-Line Artists. London:Cassell.10-ISBN 030430011X/13-ISBN
9780304300112;OCLC 4412441
 Jones,James (1975). WW II:a Chronicle of Soldiering.New York: Grosset& Dunlap. 1617592
 Lanker,Brian and Nicole Newnham.(2000). They Drew Fire: CombatArtists of World War II.New York: TV
Books.10-ISBN 1575000857/13-ISBN 9781575000855;OCLC 43245885
Australia
 Reid,John B. (1977). Australian Artists at War: Compiled from the Australian War Memorial Collection.Volume
1. 1885–1925;Vol.2 1940–1970.South Melbourne,Victoria:Sun Books.10-ISBN 0725102543/13-ISBN
9780725102548;OCLC 4035199
Canada
 Oliver, Dean Frederick, and Laura Brandon (2000). Canvas of War: Painting the Canadian Experience,1914 to
1945.Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre. 10-ISBN 1550547720/13-ISBN 9781550547726;OCLC 43283109
 Tippett, Maria. (1984). Art at the Service of War: Canada,Art, and the Great War. Toronto: University of Toronto
Press.10-ISBN 0802025412/13-ISBN 9780802025418;OCLC 13858984
Germany

25.  Gilkey, Gordon. War Art of the Third Reich. Bennington,Vermont: International Graphics Corporation,1982).10-
ISBN 0865560188/13-ISBN 9780865560185;OCLC 223704492
 Weber, John Paul. (1979). The German War Artists. Columbia,South Carolina:Cerberus.10-ISBN
0933590008/13-ISBN 9780933590007;OCLC 5727293
New Zealand
 Haworth, Jennifer. (2007). The Art of War: New Zealand War Artists in the Field 1939–1945.Christchurch,New
Zealand:Hazard Press.13-ISBN 9781877393242/10-ISBN 187739324X;OCLC 174078159
South Africa
 Carter, Albert Charles Robinson.(1900). The Work of War Artists in South Africa. London:"The Art Journal"
Office. OCLC 25938498
United Kingdom
 Gough, Paul.(2010). A Terrible Beauty:British Artists in the First World War. Bristol:Sansom and Company.13-
ISBN 9781906593001/10-ISBN 1906593000;OCLC 559763485
 Harries,Meirion and Suzie Harries.(1983). The War Artists: British Official War Art of the Twentieth
Century. London:Michael Joseph.10-ISBN 071812314X/13-ISBN 9780718123147;OCLC 9888782
 Harrington,Peter. (1983). British Artists and War: The Face of Battle in Paintings and Prints, 1700–
1914.London:Greenhill.10-ISBN 1853671576/13-ISBN 9781853671579;OCLC 28708501
 Haycock, David Boyd. (2009). A Crisis of Brilliance:Five Young British Artists and the Great War. London:Old
Street Publishing.13-ISBN 9781905847846/10-ISBN 190584784X;OCLC 318876179
 Hichberger,J.W.M. (1988). Images of the Army:The Military in British Art 1815–1914.Manchester:Manchester
University Press.10-ISBN 0719025753/13-ISBN 9780719025754;OCLC 17295891
 Sillars,Stuart (1987). Art and Survival in First World War Britain. New York: St. Martins Press.10-ISBN
031200544X/13-ISBN 9780312005443;OCLC 14932245
 Holme,Charles.(1918). The War Depicted by Distinguished British Artists. London:The Studio.OCLC 5081170
United States
 Cornebise,Alfred.(1991). Art from the trenches: America's Uniformed Artists in World War I. College Station:
Texas A & M University Press.10-ISBN 0890963495/13-ISBN 9780890963494;OCLC 22892632
 Harrington,Peter, and Frederic A. Sharf. (1988). A Splendid Little War; The Spanish-American War,1898; The
Artists' Perspective. London:Greenhill.10-ISBN 1853673161/13-ISBN 9781853673160;OCLC 260112479