INV 700 Bn$ PROFIT 2000 Bn$/Yr CER 10 BnT/Yr AUTOMOTIVE, CAR, TRUCK,SHIP,FERRY,VLCC,PP DOUBLE SPEED, 1/3 FUEL for SAME TON-HP 360 KMPL BIKE, 60 KMPL CAR, 30 KMPL TRUCK 600 KMPH RAIL 330, 660 KNOTS SHIP,FERRY,VLCC PP 1/3 FUEL CER 3360 T/Yr/MW VC FUND 10 Mn$

2. What is the greenhouse effect?

5. NASA 2006 Time is running out … Climate Change is already experienced worldwide

6. ANDY TRANSPORT DESIGN AUTOMOTIVE, RAIL, SHIP, FERRY, VLCC, PP FUEL SAVED 6 Bn$/Day ROYALTY 20 Bn$,10 CENTERS. CER 12 BnT/Yr…INV CAP 150 … WC 1500…WORK….3500 Bn$/Yr DOUBLE SPEED for SAME TON-HP-ENGINE by ANDY BEARING 1/3 FUEL for SAME HP Nor Asp by ANDY ROTARY ENGINE COMBINED gets 1/3 FUEL, 1/3 CO2e, 2/3 CER for SAME TON-HP ROYALTY 20 Bn$, 10 CENTERS 400 200 4 2 0.8 0.4 0.2 80kg 40kg Fuel T/hr 12Mn 6Mn 120K 60K 24,000 12000 6000 2400 1200 HP 230 180 50 40 30 24 18 14 12 Thk cm 1150 900 250 200 150 120 90 70 60 OD cm ANDY ENGINE ROTARY NO BOILER, NO TURBINE

7. CO2e OIL = 2.9 T/T ; COAL = 2.33 T/T CER = 15,048 – 5,016 = 10,032 MnT/Yr FERRY DESIGN NEW DOUBLE SPEED Fuel 4 Lit/hr/1000 CC; HP 120/ 1000 cc ; CO2e T/yr = 16.74* L/hr Fare $1/100 km ; Freight $2/100 km /T SS SAME SPEED; DS DOUBLE SPEED DL DOUBLE LOAD 1500 150 10,032 5,016 15.048 MnT 5400 15 TOTAL 300 30 1680 840 2520 COAL 1080 3 PP 700 70 4872 2436 7308 F.OIL 2520 7 SHIP 200 20 1392 696 2088 OIL 720 2 RAIL 300 30 2022 1011 3132 OIL 1080 3 Automotive WC Bn$ IN Bn$ CER MnT/Yr ANDY CO2e NOW CO2e TYPE FUEL MnT T/Day…T/Yr VEHICLE 5 82.8 2.88 86.4 13,392 800 2000,330kn,24k,200L Ferry ANDY.DL 3 82.8 2.88 86.4 13,392 800 1000,660kn,24k,200L Ferry ANDY.DS 2 41.4 1.44 43.2 6,696 400 1000,330kn,12k,100L Ferry ANDY.SS 2 34.5 8.64 43.2 40,176 2400 1000,330kn,24k,600L Ferry NORMAL 2 0.44 0.86 1.3 502 120 1000,16 kn,1200,30 L Ferry NOW Cost Mn$ Net Mn$ Fuel Mn$ FARE Mn$ Co2e T/Yr Fuel L/hr Ton, Speed HP, Vol Vessel DESIGN

9. FUEL SAVED 10 MnT/Day… COST 6.48 Bn$/Day NET INCOME 15.8 Bn$ / Day TOTAL INV 150+1500= 1650 Bn$…REPAID in 100 Days CDM 10*25 = 300 ; WORK 3500; FUEL 6 Bn$/Yr NET = 300 + 3500 + 2160 = 5960 Bn$/Yr…..RoI = 361 % REPAID in 5960/360= 16.5 Bn$/Day; 1650/16.5= 100Days 6073 Mn$. 10 MnT 5.0 15 TOTAL 400. 2.0 1.0 3 200 COAL PP 2340. 4.68 2.32 7 500 F.OIL SHIP 1333. 1.33 0.66 2 1000 OIL RAIL 2000. 2.0 1.0 3 1000 OIL AUTOMOTIVE FUEL SAVED/Day Qty….. VALUE FUEL MnT/Day NOW......ANDY RATE $/T TYPE VEHICLE

13. Increasing CO 2 concentration 2005 Expected in 2100 Source: IPCC FAR 2007 To put it graphically….

14. So, to what extent is shipping to blame? At present, CO 2 emissions from international shipping amount to less that 3% of the total world’s emissions from all sources. A very modest contribution, but in recent years it has been targeted by the media with the perception that, collectively, ships emit as much CO 2 as some individual industrialized countries, Often ignoring some facts …

16. CO2 emissions by different Transport modes To illustrate this…

17. Are we merely reacting to the press? IMO’s determination to address climate change comes from a deep and genuine concern for the environment and the future of the planet As a former British Prime Minister put it, we have no right to “live at the expense of future generations” Governments, industry as a whole and each and everyone of us individually have a duty of care towards the environment So, shipping is expected to contribute, however modestly, to the wider efforts being made to arrest global warming

18. Has UNO taken any action already? IMO has been working on this issue for more than ten years 1991: Resolution A.719(17) – Recognized the need of establishing a policy on prevention of air pollution from ships 1997: MARPOL Conference: Resolution 8 – CO2 emissions from ships 2000: IMO Study on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships 2003: Assembly resolution A.963(23) – IMO Policies and practices related to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from ships 2005: MEPC/Circ.471 – Interim Guidelines for voluntary ship CO2 Emission Indexing for use in trials 2005: MEPC 55 – Work plan to identify and develop the mechanisms needed to achieve the limitation or reduction of CO2 emissions from international shipping 2007: MEPC 56 – Timeframe and Terms of Reference for updating the 2000 IMO Study on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships 2008: MEPC 57 – Fundamental principles underlying IMO policies on GHG emissions from ships 2008: June - Intersessional meeting of the Working Group on GHG emissions from ships in Oslo

26. Are there any serious obstacles? We hope there will not be major problems in regulating the technical or operational measures. However, a number of countries continue invoking the UNFCCC’s principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” They argue that industrialized countries (Annex I Parties) should be the ones to take action in reducing greenhouse gas emissions from any source This principle is applied to shipping under article 2.2 of the Kyoto Protocol, which states that “The Parties included in Annex I shall pursue limitation or reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol from aviation and marine bunker fuels, working trough ICAO and IMO, respectively.”

27. This seems fair; what is the problem? The principle is fair if applied to land-based industries subject to national controls, such as power generation, cement production or land transport. However, if applied to shipping, the effect would be that ships flagged in Annex I (industrialized) countries (25% of the world fleet) would be obliged to reduce their emissions, whereas ships flagged in non-industrialized countries (the vast majority of the world fleet) would not. This is contrary to the spirit of all IMO Conventions, which apply equally to all ships, regardless of flag. Any such regime would eliminate the “level playing field” principle and would introduce unfair competition and flag hopping.

30. Finally, will UNFCCC accept the plan? Hopefully…But it has to be adopted by IMO Members first! The Secretary-General intends to present a position paper to the Conference of Parties to the UNFCCC (COP 15) to be held in Copenhagen in December 2009 In the post-Kyoto instrument to be adopted by COP 15, ideally, there should be an article merely stating that: “ The Parties shall pursue limitation or reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol from marine bunker fuels, working through IMO.” With no IMO regime in place, regional and unilateral action may proliferate (EU; USA; Japan; Australia)

32. Thank you for your attention! Venture Cap Fund us $ M A APPAN M E, Mb 9109840463337 5 Mn 2 Mn 3 Mn Ferry 500 T, 660 kn 35.4 Mn 10.2 Mn 25.2 Mn Total 20 Mn 4 Mn 16 Mn VLCC 10kT, 330 kn 5 Mn 2 Mn 3 Mn Ship 1000 T, 330 kn 5 Mn 2 Mn 3 Mn Rail 1000T 600 kph 400,000 200,000 200,000 Automotive RD,FD Both Engine Bearing Vehicle