Web 2.0 Technical Paper written by three genius of VIET ( Vishveshwary Inst. of Engg. & Tech. ) - Ankur Batla, Akshat Gupta, Kumar Priyanshu

1. Title: NEW GENERATION WORLD WIDE WEB 2.0
Category: WEB 2.0 TECHNOLOGIES
ID No: WEBT_1053
Team Members
ANKUR BATLA
AKSHAT GUPTA
KUMAR PRIYANSHU SRIVASTAVA
Student Paper Contest
Version 1.1_Draft | 24-Sep-07
Mindtree Consulting Limited www.mindtree.com
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4. Table of Contents
Abstract........................................................................................................................5
1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................6
1.1 Name of the Paper................................................................................................6
1.2 Classification.........................................................................................................6
1.3 Context..................................................................................................................6
2 A Quick run through WEB 2.0 .............................................................................7
2.1 RIA (Rich Internet Application) ..........................................................................10
2.2 SOA (Service Oriented Application) ...................................................................10
2.3 Social Web..........................................................................................................10
3 Support of WEB 2.0 ...........................................................................................10
3.1 AJAX Support ....................................................................................................10
3.2 Language with very good web service support ..................................................11
3.3 Social Web..........................................................................................................11
4 Some WEB 2.0 Applications...............................................................................11
4.1 New Exemplars of WEB 2.0 ...............................................................................12
5 Some WEB 2.0 Activities....................................................................................13
5.1 Bloging ................................................................................................................13
5.2 RSS.....................................................................................................................14
5.3 Audio Bloging & Podcast ....................................................................................14
5.4 Tagging & Social Bookmarking ..........................................................................14
5.5 The Tag as a Qualifier of content .......................................................................15
5.6 User 2.0 ..............................................................................................................15
5.7 Bussiness 2.0 .....................................................................................................16
5.8 Travel 2.0 16
6 Conclusion ..........................................................................................................16
7 References .........................................................................................................18
8 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................18
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5. Abstract
Introduction:
Web 2.0 – isn’t software, hardware or a concept, rather is a common thought
or an idea which is also an improved form of Web 1.0. The term has been in
occasional use for several years, but now the concepts of RIA (Rich Internet
Applications that includes Flash, Ajax etc), SOA (Service Oriented Architec-
ture that includes feeds, RSS, web services and mashups) and Social Web
(that includes tagging, wikis, podcast, blogging, vlogs etc) have put the world
wide web into a renascence development.
Body:
The power of social networking through internet, in new delivery methods of
information to user is creating information at outstanding rate. Web 2.0 is so-
cially distributing web content, characterized by open communication, decen-
tralization of authority, and categorized content with far more developed deep
linking web architecture.
Web have become an advertising paradise with tools like google adsense that
focuses advertising based on the content of the webpage, it is placed upon. It
is a miracle journey from static websites to use of search engines & surfing
from one website to next through more dynamic and interactive world wide
web.
Perhaps in the coming future web will be less under the control of web de-
signers, changing it as a democratic, personal, & ’do itself’ medium. A number
of contents will be less likely to flow through email and more likely to be
posted and distributed on an attractive web page or distributed by RSS feeds.
Conclusion:
Web 2.0 is seen as second phase of architectural & application development
of world wide web. Along with dynamic evolution of web sites, web 2.0 is also
responsible for their social development leading to an independent kind of
web for modern world & will be catalyzing incredible information sharing , col-
laboration & innovation .
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6. 1 Introduction
1.1 Name of the Paper
New Generation World Wide Web 2.0
1.2 Classification
Web 2.0 Technologies
1.3 Context
Globally speaking, Web 2.0 describes a second generation of Web sites,
based on simple functions that facilitate participation and accessibility, and
therefore centre around the most active users. Looking further, the term
seems hard to define in that it covers such a variety of different aspects.
From a technical point of view, Web 2.0 is not in fact a disruption in the way
that the first Web generation was, but rather revolves around a series of inno-
vations that keep appearing. Besides, the Web 2.0 phenomenon goes hand in
hand with economic models that are not yet stabilised and that complicates
the reading thereof. It is exactly this heterogeneousness of causes and ori-
gins that makes the movement so hard to define. A few key concepts could
nevertheless help to define it:
Internauts getting more involved
The tools of Web 2.0 do not radically break away from those normally used
on the Internet. For instance, portals already exist, but they now become
much more flexible and configurable by the users themselves. Aggregators
are appearing on the scene that enable everyone easily to put together their
own portal. Along the same line of “customizing”, we could mention widgets or
plug-ins, micro-applications that auto-execute on the user’s computer and that
are sometimes fed through RSS flows (see paragraph on this subject). These
applications could be used together with the browser to give for instance an
automatic price comparison, visible in a small window when the user looks at
a vendor site.
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8. 2 A quick run through web 2.0
Everyone had heard of things like blogging, mashups ,Ajax and had used applications like You
Tube, fliker and a lot of sites, but still even after using so much of web 2.0 applications there is
something missing in the explanation. Web 2.0 presages a freeing of data, allowing it to be
exposed, discovered and manipulated in a variety of ways distinct from the purpose of the applica-
tion originally used to gain access.
-Web 2.0 permits the building of virtual applications, drawing data and functionality from a
number of different sources as appropriate. These applications tend to be small, they tend to be
relatively rapid to deploy, and they bring power that was previously the preserve of corporations
within the reach of suitably motivated individuals.
- Web 2.0 is participative. The traditional web has tended to be somewhat one-sided, with a flow of
content from provider to viewer. Figures from the Pew last year suggested that 44% of internet-
using American adults had actively participated online, by blogging, sharing files, or equivalent. With
Web 2.0, that percentage will rise, and participation will become a more pervasive aspect of online
lives.
- Web 2.0 applications work for the user, and are able to locate and assemble content that meets
the needs as users, rather than forcing to conform to the paths laid out by content owners or their
intermediaries.
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9. - Web 2.0 applications are modular, with developers and users able to pick and choose from a set
of interoperating components in order to build something that meets their needs.
- Web 2.0 is about sharing; code, content, ideas.
-Web 2.0 is about communication and facilitating community. People communicate. The web
facilitated that to a degree, but presented a barrier that hindered the back-and-forth of true commu-
nication.
-Web 2.0 is about remix. Jumping from one area of the web to another, struggling with different
interfaces, ignoring endless ads, and wading through uninteresting content on a site in order to
locate the service, document, or snippet that meets the needs. Increasingly, unambiguously
reference and call upon the service, document or snippet that all require, incorporating it into
something new that is both the original contributors'.
-Web 2.0 is smart. Applications will be able to use knowledge of users, where they have been and
what they are doing to deliver services that meet the needs. Amazon's recommendation engines are
only the beginning, and there is more work to be done allaying fears of intrusion and loss of privacy.
Amazon has data, libraries have data. Everyone has data. There is real potential to do some
wonderful things with it, provided that appropriate safeguards are developed and implemented.
'Smart' spam is still spam.
- Web 2.0 is built upon Trust, whether that be trust placed in individuals, in assertions, or in the uses
and reuses of data.
- Web 2.0 opens up the Long Tail, making it increasingly cost-effective to service the interests of
large numbers of relatively small groups of individuals, and to enable them to benefit from key
pieces of the platform while fulfilling their own needs.
Web 1.0 Web 2.0
DoubleClick --> Google AdSense
Ofoto --> Flickr
Akamai --> BitTorrent
mp3.com --> Napster
Britannica Online --> Wikipedia
personal websites --> Blogging
evite --> upcoming.org and EVDB
domain name speculation --> search engine optimization
page views --> cost per click
screen scraping --> web services
publishing --> Participation
content management sys-
--> ikis
tems
directories (taxonomy) --> tagging ("folksonomy")
stickiness --> Syndication
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10. 2.1 RIA (Rich Internet Application)
The first part of web 2.0 is RIA , some buzzwords related to that are flash &
ajax. All rich internet applications are relly how do users bring the experience
from the desktop to the browser . Whether it is a graphical point of view or a
form usability point of view such as drag and drop which every one is used to.
2.2 SOA (Service oriented Application)
This is the second part and one of the key features of web 2.0 . it include
buzzwords such as feeds , rss, web services and mashups. The soa is all
about how do web 2.0 applications expose the functionality so that other ap-
plication can integrate the functionality providing a much richer set of appli-
caton including mashups.
2.3 Social Web
The third piece of web 2.0 is social web .The web 2.0 applications tends to in-
teract much much more with the end user . the end user is not only the user of
application but he is a participant , whether it is by tagging or he is contribut-
ing to the wiki or he is pod casting or blogging. The end user is an integral
part of the data of the application to levage the using edge.
3 Support for web 2.0
The very three things you should be looking for web 2.0 are
3.1 Ajax support
Ajax is a set of key technologies used to build web 2.0 applications . It is used to create the rich user
experience and it works in any browser. One ingredient of its meaning is certainly Ajax, which can
still only just bear to use without scare quotes. Basically, what "Ajax" means is "Javascript now
works." And that in turn means that web-based applications can now be made to work much more
like desktop ones.
Specifically, AJAX (an acronym for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML ) is a term that refers to
JavaScript, XML, HTML, and CSS used in conjunction to develop interactive Web applications.
AJAX does not change the Web itself, but rather how programmers present the data to users.
With traditional Web applications, when a user clicks something, the action triggers a request to a
Web server, which renders the page in the user's browser. The user must then wait for the page to
load while an hourglass or a blank Web page indicates that the request is being processed. Each
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11. action a user performs results in lag time. In an AJAX-driven Web application, when a user performs
an action -- say, clicking a map -- the results are immediate, so there's virtually no waiting time.
3.2 Languages with very good web services support
Web services are a key part of web 2.0 and a language can make it very easy to lev-
erage those services. It means one can very easily add features and get those appli-
cations updated .it is a critical when an application is used by so many end user and
we have to constantly update it.
4 Some web 2.0 applications
A phrase coined in 2004 by O’Reilly Media Group; refers to a perceived or proposed
second generation of Internet-based services such as Social Networking sites, Wikis
etc - that emphasize Online Collaboration & sharing among users
Google provides many characteristic Web 2.0 services: Blogger, Adsense,
Maps, Search, Base, Gmail, GTalk, Reader, Statistics. Each of these
services either exploit the read/write Web or the Web as Platform.
Nearly all of the services that Yahoo provides leverage Web 2.0 principles:
Mail, Music Downloads, Movie Recommendations, Shopping, Maps, Local.
Yahoo recently acquired both Flickr and Del.icio.us.
A wiki is computer software that allows users to easily create, edit and link web
pages. Wikis are often used to create collaborative websites, power community
websites, and are increasingly being installed by businesses to provide
affordable and effective Intranets."The simplest online database that could
possibly work". One of the best-known wikis is Wikipedia.
Amazon's Affiliates program, Reviews, People Who Bought
and wish list sharing were early and influential Web 2.0 ser-
vices. Their new Mechanical Turk service is another Web 2.0
gem.
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12. eBay provides many buyer and seller services that aim for greater
participation. Their API is one of the most successful, and the net-
work effects they enjoy from their large user base are unrivaled.
4.1 New exemplars of web 2.0
New companies and services embracing the principles of Web 2.0.These companies are by
no means an exhaustive list, but are leading the pack. They provide popular software and ser-
vices that have proved their worth among the competition.
Orkut is an online community where users are connected
through a social network , and are allowed to share scraps
,photos ,videos, and share lot of informations about one self and
even users are free to create communities and circulate any
relevant informations.
Flickr is a fast-growing photosharing service that provides an
collaborative user interface as well as a powerful API to it's content.
(Recently acquired by Yahoo!)
Del.icio.us
Del.icio.us is a popular social bookmarking service. Joshua Schacter, the
founder, characterizes his service as a way to remember things. (Recently
acquired by Yahoo!)
Jotspot provides several services: Jotspot - the Application
Wiki, which allows users to create and share wiki-like web
ages. JotLive - a live group note-taking application.
37Signals provides several services: Basecamp - a project collabo-
ration tool and Backpack - a collaborative tool to create sharable
web pages.
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13. Digg is a content aggregation service. It provides a mecha-
nism for its many users to "digg" a piece of content, and
aggregates them like votes to bubble up the most popular
content to its widely-viewed pages. In this way Digg culls the
actions of its users to provide value.
Writely is a web-based service that allows for the creation and sharing of
documents in a sophisticated word-processor-like interface.
Feedburner is an RSS publishing service. Sites can direct their
readers to a feed at Feedburner instead of hosting it
themselves, taking advantage of Feedburner's advanced
tracking capabilities to provide insight into who is reading your
feed.
5 Some 2.0 activities
5.1 Blogging
Every non-profit company has stories to tell,
whether the stories are about people who
receive services from programs, volunteer
experiences, or ways others are impacted
by the work. One way to get those stories
out to the world is to publish them on a blog
“Web logs", Blogs are online journals
created by an individual or an organization
and cover topics ranging from human rights
to fashion -- and everything in between.
Blogs are a great example of how emerging
voices are not only being heard but ampli-
fied. By reading and discussing each other's
posts, bloggers form a massive network
that is able to exert pressure on national media and, increasingly, on policy makers as well.
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14. Blog postings, typically updated daily, can include images, photos, links, video, audio, or simple text.
The postings are archived by date and sometimes by category or by author. Permanent links, or
"permalinks," allow other bloggers and Web site owners to link directly to a specific post on blog and
encourage inter-blog dialog.
5.2 RSS
Imagine having the latest headlines and updates from one’s favourite Web sites delivered to your
desktop without even having to open your Web browser or visit any Web sites. Better yet, imagine
having the latest information from one Web site delivered to your supporters and constituents
without having to send an e-mail or a newsletter. With Really Simple Syndication (RSS) feeds, this
is easy to do -- and it won't cost you a thing. It's very expensive to create original content on a
regular basis, but setting up a series of RSS feeds on a particular topic can pump useful content
onto your organization's Web site for free.
RSS flows: a new way of looking at sites notification and update techniques such as RSS (Really
Simple Syndication) flows, users can subscribe to their favourite news streams or blogs and be
notified when new contents go online, which they can then look at when it suits them.
5.3 Audio blogging and pod cast
RSS flows can also notify users of the publication of audio contents. As soon as these become
available, subscribers to the RSS flow on these sites are notified and can download them
. .
5.4 Tagging and social bookmarking
Portals and publications don't always classify information in the same way their readers would. But
tagging any information submitted on the Internet -- or any information that one find on the Internet -
- with simple keywords, so that one could find it again? And what if one could search for information
that other people had tagged with the same keyword? That's where tagging comes in handy.
Tags can help one organize and find URLs (with the help of social bookmarking tools like (techno-
crati.com), photos (with applications like flickr), and ideas or projects (like on the 43 things Web
site). Tags can also be a great way to draw attention to the posts and bring others to blog or Web
site.
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15. The real value in tagging is that a community of like-minded people is helping to sort and classify
information. Tagging projects are constantly emerging to help gather information and share knowl-
edge. For example, whereas "kids" might be too vague, "healthy kids" is better; it's less likely to be
used randomly by people who don't share the goals, and anyone can really own it.
"By allowing people to share information effectively, tags create and support a growing number of
online communities. And by bringing communities together around common interests, tags add
value to the information those communities gather," stated Alexandra Samuel in a Toronto Star
article about the Web 2.0 tool.
5.5 The tag as a qualifier of content
An element common to all these tools is the use of tags or keywords, chosen by the users them-
selves to designate an article, a blog post, a site, an image, etc. The "tagging" phenomenon has led
to the creation of a new form of taxonomy called "folksonomy". This collective intelligence perfectly
sums up the spirit of Web 2.0, where cooperation between Internauts leads to the creation of
content. The most representative example of tagging is the site del.icio.us .The use of tags brings
up another key bit of Web 2.0: building a site on user-generated content. Online participation isn’t a
new phenomenon; virtual communities have been around since electronic bulletin board services
first became popular in the mid-1980s, and companies like CompuServe built their entire business
around user-created and -maintained discussion forums. That’s certainly true of the myriad photo-
sharing sites, for example; without people uploading ‘me and my dog’ pictures, there’s nothing at all
to look at.
A tag is simply a word used to describe a bookmark. Unlike folders, one need them and can use as
many times one like. The result is a better way to organize your bookmarks and a great way to
discover interesting things on the Web.
Tags can be unreliable too As with anything else search-related, however, tags aren’t perfect, as
they rely on users choosing keywords that others will recognize. Should someone clicking on a San
Francisco tag automatically be shown the Golden Gate Bridge tagged item? That’s just one example
of the wisdom still to be developed.
5.6 User 2.0
Web 2.0 enhance the way that people
interact with one another and with their
computer systems. Web 2.0 sites make it
easier for people to connect and to learn
from one another. Entertainment stuff like
movie reviews or for important business-
changing decisions, the advantage is that
people can work and play better, and
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16. collectively can make more intelligent decisions.
In this new generation web, RIA are actually acting as Softwares –as-a-service (whether written
for in-house use or acquired from a service vendor, these technologies can make it easier to
upgrade and maintain applications, to deal with security issues, and to take advantage of the
service-oriented architecture capabilities in which your company has invested. The developers can
build applications that rely on publicly available Web services, treating the Internet like a planetary
operating system.)
5.7 Buisness 2.0
Web 2.0 is important if one is building yet another website to share digital photos, create business-
to-consumer online resources, such as a hotel reservation site in which the user can dynamically
change search criteria, and which encourages user-generated content such as hotel reviews.
However, Web 2.0 is equally important in business-to-business IT. For businesses, Web 2.0 often
becomes intertwined with SOA and other Web services technologies. The key is to tie the flexibility
of Web 2.0 to the service-oriented principles of loose coupling, encapsulation and code reuse.
5.8 Travel 2.0
This spells benefit for travelling corporations. After
all, the drivers that make Web 2.0 compelling to
consumers — such as its ability to provide contex-
tualized, global information, and to use community
and social connections to improve communication
— are equally important in a business context.
Infact travel market is in a boom due to travel 2.0
concept, as travelling ,making plans for trips either
business or for recreation is quiet easy and
convenient .
6 Conclusion
Web 2.0 is an improved form of World Wide Web .Technically, Web 2.0 is not in
fact an eruption in the way that the first Web generation was, but rather revolves
around a series of innovations that keep appearing. A ‘true’ Web 2.0 application
— whatever that is — would be indistinguishable from a desktop application.
WEB 2.0—Event if the term reflects familiar version number, so often attached to
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17. software products, it doesn't actually refer to any one technology. Rather, Web
2.0 is the nick name for an emerging set of Internet-based tools and an emerging
philosophy on how to use them.
The old "Web 1.0" methodology, in which news was provided by a handful of
large corporations, Web pages were static and rarely updated, and only a tech-
nocrat could contribute to the development of the World Wide Web, but web 2.0
is based on information from user site, it offers really dynamic and easy web de-
velopment. Infact it is a miracle way from static web pages to the use of search
engines. Web is loosing out from the hands of web designers to the hands of
user. Web 2.0 is a term referring to the ongoing transition to a full participatory
Web, with participation including both humans and machines. Web 2.0 is charac-
terized two types of themes:
The Read/Write Web: In which the Web is seen as a two-way medium, where
people are both readers and writers. The main catalyst for this is social software,
allowing communication and collaboration between two or more people.
Borderline between the hype and the promise(Term Vs its Meaning)
One of the first barriers is the term itself. Some old-timers in the industry con-
sider the name ‘Web 2.0’ a bit presumptuous. On one hand, the cynics argue,
wasn’t the real distinction in the Web’s evolution the point where content and
presentation were separated — otherwise known as cascading style sheets
(CSS)?
Still, Web 2.0 means something, although what it is can be hard to quantify. Ac-
cording to O’Reilly: A lot of people are wrapping themselves in the Web 2.0 man-
tle today, and a lot of them don’t understand it. For example, if someone says
that they were working with JavaScript and
XML (i.e. Ajax), that doesn’t mean that they were working with Web 2.0. Web 2.0
is about harnessing the Internet as a platform, using network effects to make your
application get better the more people use it.
Whatever else Web 2.0 is, it’s clearly the next stage in what we can do with tech-
nology Web 2.0 tools are important, but their impact goes much deeper than their
novelty might suggest. Individuals and organizations alike are finding new and in-
creasingly effective ways of connecting through Web 2.0 technology. This is the
human side of this technical transformation. From huge enterprises to even the
smallest organizations, all have a story to share and voices to amplify. Web 2.0
can help you be heard.
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18. 7 References
1.Dave Crane, Eric Pascarello, Darren James, "AJAX in Action,"
2.Will Richardson ,” Blogs,Wikis,Podcast And Other Powerful Web Tools For Class-
room”
3.Ben Hammersley ,”Content Syndicate with RSS”
4.Michael W.Geoghegab,Dan Klass ,”Podcast Solution: The Complete Guide to Pod-
casting”
Reference Description
www.google.com Searched for contents & related web sites
www.altavast.com Searched for contents & related web sites
www.wikipedia.com Searched for the understanding of concept
8 Acknowledgements
Special thanks to Mr. Mayank Kaushal for his kind support in our research work.
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19. MindTree Consulting Limited
Contact Information
Email: Osmosis_student2007@mindtree.com
Global Village, RVCE Post,
Mysore Road, Bangalore – 560 059
Bangalore – 560070, INDIA
Phone- 91 (80) 26264000 Direct- 91 (80) 26264180
Fax- 91 (80) 26714000
Web- www.mindtree.com
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