1. Nandini Milk Products of Karnataka Co- Operative Milk
Company Profile
Karnataka Cooperative Milk Producers' Federation Limited (KMF) is the Apex
Body in Karnataka representing Dairy Farmers' Co-operatives. It is the second
largest dairy co-operative amongst the dairy cooperatives in the country. In South
India it stands first in terms of procurement as well as sales. One of the core
functions of the Federation is marketing of Milk and Milk Products. The
Brand "nandini" is the household name for Pure and Fresh milk and milk
products.
KMF has 13 Milk Unions throughout the State which procure milk from Primary
Dairy Cooperative Societies (DCS) and distribute milk to the consumers in various
Towns/Cities/Rural markets in Karnataka.
The first ever World Bank funded Dairy Development Program in the country
started in Karnataka with the organisation of Village Level Dairy Co-operatives in
1974. The AMUL pattern of dairy co-operatives started functioning in Karnataka
1

2. from 1974-75 with the financial assistance from World Bank, Operation Flood II &
III. The dairy co-operatives were established under the ANAND pattern in a three
tier structure with the Village Level Dairy Co-operatives forming the base level,
the District Level Milk Unions at the middle level to take care of the procurement,
processing and marketing of milk and the Karnataka Milk Federation as the Apex
Body to co-ordinate the growth of the sector at the State level.
Coordination of activities among the Unions and developing market for Milk and
Milk products is the responsibility of KMF. Marketing Milk in the respective
jurisdiction is organized by the respective Milk Unions. Surplus/deficit of liquid
milk among the member Milk Unions is monitored by the Federation. While the
marketing of all the Milk Products is organized by KMF, both within and outside
the State, all the Milk and Milk products are sold under a common brand name
NANDINI.
Vision and Mission
Vision
To march forward with a missionary zeal which will make KMF a trailblazer
of exemplary performance and achievements beckoning other Milk
Federations in the country in pursuit of total emulation of its good deeds.
To ensure prosperity of the rural Milk producers who are ultimate owners of
the Federation.
2

3. To promote producer oriented viable cooperative society to impart an
impetus to the rural income, dairy productivity and rural employment.
To a bridge the gap between price of milk procurement and sale price.
To develop business acumen in marketing and trading disciplines so as to
serve consumers with quality milk, give a fillip to the income of milk
producers.
To compete with MNCs and Private Dairies with better quality of milk and
milk products and in the process sustain invincibility of cooperatives.
MISSION
Heralding economic, social and cultural prosperity in the lives of our milk
producer members by promoting vibrant, self-sustaining and holistic
cooperative dairy development in Karnataka State.
3

4. PRODUCTS
4

5. Growth Process –
The growth over the years and activities undertaken by KMF is summarized briefly
–
Particulars Measure 1976-77 2010-11
Dairy Co-operatives Nos. 416 11542
Membership Nos. 37000 2018788
Milk Procurement Kgs/day 50000 3668314
Milk Sales Lts/day 95050 2377364
Cattle Feed Consumed Kgs/DCS 220 3046
Daily Payments to Farmers Rs. In Lakhs 0.90 449
Turnover Rs, in Crores ----------- 3135
Future Plans –
After the closure of 3 projects, the Government of Karnataka and NDDB signed an
MOU during February 2000, for further strengthening the dairy development
activities in Karnataka with an outlay of Rs. 250 Crores. Consequent to the
announcement of new terms and conditions by NDDB through an evolution of
action plan – perspective 2010 to enable the dairy to face the challenges of the
increased demand for milk and milk products by focusing efforts in the four major
thrust areas of strengthening the Co-operatives in enhancing productivity,
managing quality and building a national information network.
5

6. Personal Observations:-
We observed the various process of preparation of milk and packaging there in
huge and hi tech plants and machinery. Besides milk the unit is producing Ghee
and different sweet products like peda, dharwad peda, Mysore pak, paneer etc.
We had a visit to different processing departments of milk and other nandini
products of various ranges of milk origin.
This unit, Nandini milk products is one of the 13 milk unions of Karnataka co-
operative milk producers federation ltd (KMF) which is no 1 in south India and 3rd
in all India in milk production.
It started its activities in 1974-1975 with the aid of word bank (operation flood II
& III)when its overall members unions were 416 and t present the number of its
embers unions is 11063, it procures about 30,25,940 liters milk per day and sells
about 21,29,790 liters milk and about 1,80,000 its curd every day.
6

7. Rail Wheel Factory
Corporate Profile
Rail Wheel Factory (earlier
known as Wheel and Axle Plant)
is situated in Bangalore, India. It
is a state-of-the-art plant, meeting
bulk of the requirement of wheels,
axles and wheel sets for the Indian
Railways. The spare capacity
available is profitably utilised to meet the domestic demands for non-railway
customers and exports.
RWF strives to build successful and lasting relationships with its customers by
consistently exceeding their expectations. Customer focus and quality remain our
watchwords.
The plant is certified to ISO-9001: 2000 and ISO-14001: 1994 standards by M/s.
BVQI. It is also certified to confirm to the Quality Assurance Program of
7

8. Association of American Railroads (AAR) in respect of manufacture of new
wheels and axles.
All products are subjected to stage and final inspection, starting from the chemical
composition of the molten metal till the final inspection. This includes
micro/macro properties of the material, Magnetic Particle Testing, Ultrasonic
Testing, Hardness, warpage, dimensional parameters, surface finish etc.
All our products are accompanied with a Quality Assurance Certificate and carry a
warranty of one year from shipment. RWF has the full capability to design and
manufacture any size of wheels, axles and wheel sets to suit individual customer’s
special requirements.
Vision, Mission & Quality Policy
Vision
To become a renowned global leader in the Business of developing
and manufacturing Cast Steel Rail Road Wheels, precision Forged
Axles and immaculately assembled Wheel sets.
Mission
To emerge as a unique global centre for design, development and
manufacturing excellence of our products through continuous improvement
8

9. by upgrading our quality, reliability, dependability and value addition in a
deliberate and proactive manner.
To perennially endeavor to sustain excellence in customer satisfaction by
consistently exceeding their expectations.
To develop our human capital by constant enhancement of their technical,
managerial & innovative capabilities.
To promote ethical business practices and values in the true spirit of
corporate governance.
Quality Policy
We, the employees of Rail Wheel Factory will strive:
 To sustain our excellence in Quality in the manufacturing of Wheels, Axles
and Wheel Sets
 To delight our customers and
 To continually improve.
9

10. Departments –
The Various departments of RWF are mentioned below –
 Mechanical.
 Stores.
 Accounts.
 Personnel.
 Civil Engineering.
 Electrical.
 MIS.
 Vigilance.
 Medical.
 General Administration.
History –
Till early 1980s Indian Railways were importing about 55% of requirements of
wheels and axles. Indigenous capacity was available only at Tata Iron and Steel
Company (TISCO) and Durgapur Steel Plant (DSP). The TISCO plant was not
technically capable of meeting the changing requirements of wheels and axles for
the new designs of rolling back and production was discontinued. DSP was only
able to partially meet Indian Railways needs.
The cost of imports was high with price rising in the world market. Financing of
imports delays in supplies and limited availability of foreign exchange adversely
affected wagon production and rolling stock maintenance. It was in the context that
in the early 1970s the Railway Ministry felt that the necessity of setting up a new
10

11. specialized production unit for manufacturing of rolling stock wheels and axles as
import substitute. The ultimate objective was the DSP and the Rail Wheel Factory
(RWF) should be able to meet totally Indian Railways’ requirement for standard
wheels and axles so that their import could be stopped.
An intensive study was made of the latest technology and equipment available
globally possibility of collaboration and foreign exchange requirement. Based on
this study, the RWF project was conceived in the mid 70s with IR deciding to –
1. Adopt cast wheel technology developed by M/s Griffin Wheel Co.
USA for wheel manufacture. Adoption of Cast Wheel Technology
was more suitable as the productivity of the plant is higher and cost of
production is lower as compared to forged wheels. The net savings in
foreign exchange on wheel imports was estimated at Rs, 8 Crores per
annum.
2. Undertake axle forging on special purpose. Long forging machine
followed by heat treatment furnaces with automated conveyors for the
movement of axles.
3. Provide axle machining facilities incorporating profile copying lathes,
special purpose end machine equipment and a wheel set assembly
complex with integrated engineering for handling and movement of
axles.
11

12. Personal Observations –
The personal observations I had during the Industrial visit to the Rail Wheel
Factory is discussed briefly –
Handing of axles.
Handling of axles where very interesting, the technological and mechanical
efforts put in that direction and the additional physical efforts all really
where amazing.
Finding out the whole procedure.
It took some time to grasp the complete procedures as it was really a bit
complicate. All the steps involved where unique and significant.
Conversion of scrap.
Conversion of scraps back to the useful item was one of the most interesting
things overall. It was really amazing and inspiring, how the useless bits of
scraps where turned into very useful item.
Assembling of wheels and axles.
Assembling where really laborious task, it demanded high physical input.
The hard work and efforts of the workmen were really commendable.
12

13. Silk worm seed production centre
Functions:
1. Seed production
2. Marketing.
3. Administration.
4. Quality Check.
13

14. National Silkworm Seed Organization
1. Production.
2. Marketing.’
3. Administration.
4. Management.
Quality policy
1. Quality of procured seed cocoons.
2. Processes.
3. Awareness of Staff.
4. Technology for Adapting, developing latest developed and available one.
5. Infrastructure.
14

15. Silkworm
The Silkworm (Bombyx mori) is the larva or caterpillar of a moth that is important
because it makes silk. It is entirely dependent on humans and no longer lives in the
wild; silk has been made for at least 5000 years in China. Silkworms eat mulberry
leaves. They are native to northern China.
Growth
Silkworms are very hungry. They eat mulberry leaves day and night. Silkworm
eggs take about ten days to hatch. When the colour of their heads turns darker, it
means that it is time for them to shed their skins. After they shed four times, their
bodies turn slightly yellow and their skin becomes tighter, which means they are
going to become a pupa. While they are a pupa, they turn into moths. Before
becoming a pupa, the silkworm wraps itself in a cocoon, to help protect itself. The
silkworm is called a silkworm because it spins its cocoon from raw silk that it
makes in its mouth. Many other larva produce cocoons, but only a few silkworms
are used to make silk.
Silk
The cocoon is made of one thread of raw silk from 300 to 900 meters (1000 to
3000 feet) long. The fibers are very thin. About 2,000 to 3,000 cocoons are needed
to make a pound of silk.
If the animal is allowed to survive after spinning its cocoon, it will make a hole in
the cocoon when it exits as a moth. This would cut the threads and ruin the silk.
15

16. Instead, silkworm cocoons are thrown into boiling water, which kills the silkworms
and also makes the cocoons easier to unravel. Often, the silkworm itself is eaten.
The adult silkworms (moths) cannot fly. The silkworm-moths have wings
about 2 inches wide and a white hairy body. Females are about two to three times
bigger than the males, but similarly colored. Adult silkworms have small mouths
and do not eat.
Silkworm legends
In China, there is a legend that the discovery of the silkworm's silk was by an
ancient queen called Leizu. She was drinking tea under a tree when a cocoon fell
into her tea. She picked it out and as it started to wrap around her finger, she
slowly felt something warm. When the silk ran out, she saw a small cocoon. In an
instant, she realized that this cocoon was the source of the silk. She taught this to
the people and it became common. There are many more legends about the
silkworm.
The Chinese guarded their knowledge of silk. It is said that a Chinese
princess smuggled eggs to Japan, hidden in her hair. The Japanese also love silk. It
takes 2100 silkworms to make a single kimono.
Food
In Korea, silkworm pupae, boiled and seasoned, are a popular snack food known as
beondegi.
16

17. In China, street vendors sell roasted silkworm pupae. The pupae are a delicacy in
the Northern Area of China. They are baked with Satay sauces and rice to add
extra flavour. In Japan, Silkworm Pupae is used in many dishes, including some
types of sushi and even salads.
References
1. Scoble, MJ, 1995. The Lepidoptera: Form, function and diversity.
Princeton Univ. Press.
2. Goldsmith, M, Toru Shimada, and Hiroaki Abe. 2004. The genetics and
genomics of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Annual Review of Entomology
50:71-100.
3. Grimaldi and Engel, 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge
University Press.
Production
The cultivation of silk is called sericulture. Over 30 countries produce silk, the
major ones are China (54%) and India (14%).
"In order to produce 1 kg of silk, 104 kg of mulberry leaves need to be eaten by
3000 silkworms. It takes about 5000 silkworms to make a pure silk kimono."
17

18. Personal Observations: –
1. Identification of male and female silk worms.
It can only be identified once they go through metamorphsis, and it has to do
with the size. "The larger caterpillars have more energy, so they become
females. The small caterpillars, in order to maximize their contribution to the
gene pool, become males so they can (hopefully) impregnate lots of females.
Even stripes help to identify the gender.
2. Observation silk, people and world.
Silk has always been a sign of pride and luxury. It’s the sign of the rich and
power in many countries especially in the Indian subcontinent. Silk has also
great role in history. The route from china to India was named the silk route.
3. Egg of the Silk worm in cold storage.
Eggs of the silk worm is preserved in very low temperature so as it can be
used for the next season. Eggs kept in this condition are hibernated and
doesn’t get ruined. Depending on the type of egg temperature and humidity
maintained is different.
18