Anthony Melvin Crasto presents Artemisinin

ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO 1

ARTEMISININ
DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO
PRINCIPAL SCIENTIST
INDIA

EMAIL -- amcrasto@gmail.com

http://www.slidestaxx.com/anthony-melvin-crasto-phd

A SHORT PICTORIAL PRESENTATION-- JAN 212

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amcrasto@gmail.
com

ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO

Cheaper malaria drug on the horizon, say German researchers; 200 million
malaria sufferers worldwide
Malaria sufferers in the developing world cannot afford medicine

German researchers announced Tuesday they had discovered a process to
make the most effective anti-malaria drug cheaper and easier to produce in
large life-saving quantities.
The breakthrough offers hope to the more than 200 million malaria sufferers
worldwide, especially in poor countries, by making artemisinin more
affordable, the Max Planck Society said.
"There is an effective treatment against malaria but it is not accessible to all of
the more than 200 million people worldwide who are affected by the disease,"
it said in a written statement.
"Millions, especially in the developing world, cannot afford the combination
drug preparation, which consists mainly of artemisinin," it added.
In addition, it said the medication's price varied because of the seasonal nature
of the basic ingredient which mainly grows in China and Vietnam.

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Malaria is a vector borne parasitic disease caused by the genus Plasmodium,
affecting over 100 countries of the tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Four different Plasmodium species infect humans and cause distinct disease
patterns:
P. falciparum (malaria tropica),
P. vivax (malaria tertiana),
P. malariae (malaria tertiana) and
P. ovale (malaria quartana)
P. falciparum and P. vivax account for 95% of malaria infections. Of these two
parasites,P. falciparum is the most deadly one, causing cerebral malaria which, if
remain untreated, leads to coma and ultimately death of the patient. 40% of the
world populations live in areas with the risk of malaria.
Around 300-500 million clinical cases of malaria are reported every year, of which
more than a million die of severe and complicated cases of malaria. Malaria is
known to kill one child every 30 sec, 3000 children per day under the age of 5 years.

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Artemisinin

IUPAC Name
3,12-Epoxy-12H-pyrano[4,3-j]-1,2-benzodioxepin-10(3H)-one, octahydro-3,6,9-trimethyl-, (3R,5aS,6R,8aS,9R,12S,12aR)-

Other Names
(+)-Arteannuin; (+)-Artemisinin; (+)-Qinghaosu; Arteannuin; Artemef; Artemisine; Artemisinin; Artemisinine; Huanghuahaosu; NSC 369397;
QHS; Qing Hau Sau; Qing Hau Su; Qinghaosu; Qinghosu

CAS Number 693968-64-9

Physical Data
Density: 1.24 g/ml
Melt. point: 152 - 157 C


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Because artemisinin itself has physical properties
such as poor bioavailability that limit its
effectiveness, semisynthetic derivatives of
artemisinin have been developed. These include:
Artesunate (water-soluble: for oral, rectal,
intramuscular, or intravenous use)
Artemether (lipid-soluble: for oral, rectal or
intramuscular use)
Dihydroartemisinin
Artelinic acid
Artenimol
Artemotil

Total synthesis
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synthesis
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The biosynthesis of artemisinin
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synthesis
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Artemisinin: An Ancient Remedy for Modern Malaria
Sometimes old remedies can be the best, particularly when they've been around
for a couple thousand years. Take sweet wormwood, for example.
26Archaeological findings indicate that the Chinese were using wormwood to treat
malaria more than 2,000 years ago. The weed—Artemisia annua or qing ho in
Chinese—is even mentioned in the Recipes for 52 Kinds of Diseases, an early
medical text found in a tomb dating from 168 BC. But its curative powers were
not put to a rigorous test until 1967, when the government of the People's
Republic of China began to examine systematically indigenous plants used in
traditional remedies as potential sources of drugs.


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It is a drug that has its roots in ancient Chinese medicine. In the fight against
malaria, a disease that over 200 million people are estimated to have caught in
2010, some 655,000 of whom died of it, protecting the effectiveness of
artemisinin-based drugs has become vitally important.
A number of Indian pharmaceutical companies have been among those
manufacturing and marketing drugs that are likely to foster resistance to
artemisinin in the malaria parasite, according to the latest World Malaria Report
that was recently released.
However, India's Drugs Controller General initiated action earlier this year to stop
the production and export of these drugs.
Artemisin and its derivatives have saved countless lives after the single-celled
parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, that causes the most dangerous forms of the
disease became resistant to the drug chloroquine. However, strains that are
resistant to even artemisinin have emerged in parts of South-East Asia and could
potentially spread, as has happened with earlier antimalarial drugs.


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References
1. A. Butler and T. Hensman, Educ. Chem.,
2000, 37(6), 151.
2. R. K. Haynes et al, Angew. Chem. Int. Edn,
2004, 43, 1381.
3. J. L. Vennerstrom et al, Nature (London),
2004, 430, 900.
4. G. D. Brown, G.-Y. Liang and L.-K.
ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Sy, Phytochemistry, 2003, 64, 303.
5. R. Jambou et al, Lancet, 2005, 366, 1960.

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http://www.amazon.com/Artemisinin-Artesunate-Artemisinic-Derivatives-Artemisia/dp/0978747399

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Pictures speak
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End
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THANKYOU

EMAIL amcrasto@gmail.com
An academic presentation and will not
be used for any commercial purpose.
My small effort to initiate interest for
antimalarials
DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO, HELPING MILLIONS WITH WEBSITES

Anthony Melvin Crasto presents Artemisinin

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Anthony Melvin Crasto presents Artemisinin