1. Advejtives Vs Adverbs
 Adjectives
We use adjectives to describe a
person or thing.
PERSON: The doctor is serious.
THING: The new restaurant is
wonderful.
 Adjectives are placed before a
noun:
Harry has an expensive car
They live in an adorable house
The musucian was tolerant with the
audience.
 Adjectives can go after verb be or
after non action verbs.
He is a skillful driver.
The child is small.
The child seems small.
This salad tastes delicious
Adverbs of Manner
 Describe how something is done or happen.
(action). And are usually placed after the main
verb.
He ran slowly
She spoke aggressively
 Adverbs of manner usually go after the verb.
But they never go between a verb and its
object.
- Jack drove carelessly.
- Tom played the match effortlessly.
 Adjectives and adverbs with the same form
Adjective Adverb
She's a good worker. - She works well.
They are hard workers. -They all worked hard.
The bus was late. - She usually arrives late.
I’m a fast runner. - He swims fast.

2. Examples
• Tom is _________. He works ________ .
slow slowly
• Sue is a ___________ girl. She climbed up the ladder ____________ .
careful carefully
• The dog is ______________. It barks _____________.
angry angrily
• He acted ______________. He's an ________________ actor.
excellently excellent
• They learn English ___________. They think English is an ___________ language.
easily easy
• Max is a ________ singer. He sings ___________.
good well
. He is an ________________ tennis player. He plays tennis ______________.
excellent excellently
. He moves ______________. He is a ____________ athlete.
gracefully graceful
Slow, careful, angry, excellent, easy, good, excellent, graceful.

3. Articles
Indefinite Article: a and an
Are used with singular nouns.
The rule is:
•a + singular noun beginning with a consonant: a
boy
•an + singular noun beginning with a vowel: an
elephant
Note: the indefinite articles are used to indicate
membership in a profession, nation, or religion.
•I am a teacher.
•Brian is an Irishman.
•Shiro is a practicing Buddhist.

4. • "A" and "an" are used to modify non-specific or non-particular nouns
and referring to any member of a group
For example:
1.- "My daughter really wants a dog for Christmas." This refers to any dog.
We don't know which dog because we haven't found the dog yet.
2.- "Somebody call a policeman!" This refers to any policeman. We don't
need a specific policeman; we need any policeman who is available.
3.- "When I was at the zoo, I saw an elephant!". There are probably
several elephants at the zoo, but there's only one we're talking about
here.

5. Definite article The: we use this article when
we talk about singular and plural nouns. It
means that we are talking about a specific
person, place or thing.
- "The brown dog that bit me ran away.“
- “The boys was playing under my window and
broke my glass.
- The days of the week are seven.
- The man who wrote this book is famous.

6. Do use the before:
•Names of rivers, oceans and seas:
(the Nile, the Pacific Ocean)
•Points on the globe:
(the Equator, the North Pole)
•Geographical areas:
(the Middle East, the West)
•deserts, forests, gulfs, and peninsulas:
(the Sahara, the Persian Gulf, the Black Forest,
the Iberian Peninsula)

7. Omission of Articles
Some common types of nouns that don't take an
article are:
 Names of languages and nationalities:
Chinese, English, Spanish, Russian
(unless you are referring to the population of the
nation: "The Spanish are known for their warm
hospitality.")
 Names of sports:
volleyball, hockey, baseball

8. I bought ________ pair of shoes.
a
I saw _________ movie last night.
a
I think _______ man over there is very unfriendly.
the
I do not like _____ basketball.
X
The night is quiet. Let's take ________ walk!
a
________ price of gas keeps rising.
The
John traveled to _________ Mexico.
X
My brother does not eat ____________ chicken.
X
I live in ___________ apartment. ____________apartment is new.
a the
I would like ___________ piece of cake.
a
I was in ________ Japanese restaurant. __________restaurant served good food.
a The

9. Non-action verbs
Emotions: admire, care, dislike, doubt, envy, fear, hate, hope, like, love
Mental States: think, understand, know, believe, guess, hope, mean
Wants/Preferences: want, wish, need, prefer, desire
Possession: own, have, contain, belong
Appearance: look, appear, seem
Value: cost, equal, signify
Perception: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, sound, look, notice
State of being: be, exist