1. A
SEMINAR
PRESENTATION
ON TOPIC
BLU - RAY DISC
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Award of
Bachelor of Technology Degree
Of
Rajasthan Technical University, Kota
SUBMITTED BY :
SUBMITTED TO :
ANURAG KASLIWAL (EC/08/19)
Mr. BHOOPESH KUMAWAT
ECE IV YEAR, Section – A
Ms. SMIRITI SACHAN
(Seminar Coordinator’s)
SEMINAR GUIDE:
ECE - Section A
Ms. Akanksha Singh
1
(Lecturer ECE Dept.)
2. BLU-RAY DISC
INTRODUCTION
Tokyo Japan, February 19, 2002: Ten leading
companies announced a next generation large
capacity optical disc video recording format
called "Blu-ray Disc".
The Blu-ray Disc is a technology platform that
can store sound and video while maintaining
high quality and also access the stored content
in an easy-to-use way.
The Blu-ray Disc enables the recording,
rewriting and play back of up to 27 gigabytes
(GB) of data on a single sided single layer
12cm CD/DVD size disc using a 405nm blueviolet laser.
3. HISTORY
DEVELOPMENT OF
OPTICAL STORAGE SCENARIO
1st GENERATION:
Compact disc (CD): --- 650/700 MB
with us for over 20 years.
Wavelength of laser which reads data: 780 nm
Colour of laser: Red
2nd GENERATION:
Digital versatile disc (DVD): --- 4.7 GB
It offers high quality sound and video than CD.
Wavelength of laser which reads data: 650 nm
Colour of laser: Red
4. HISTORY
DEVELOPMENT OF
OPTICAL STORAGE SCENARIO
3rd GENERATION
Blu-ray disc (BD) --- 25/50 GB
Next generation optical disc format.
Developed by Blu-ray disc association (which includes Apple,
Hitachi, HP, LG, Panasonic, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, Sharp,
Sony)
Wavelength of laser which reads data: 405 nm
Colour of laser: Blue-violet
which was developed by
SHUJI NAKAMURA of Japan
at NICHIA CORPORATION in 1993.
6. “BLU – RAY DISC”
THE NAME
T h e n a m e B l u - r a y D i s c (not Blue-ray disc) r e f e r s t o a
blue-violet laser u s e d t o r e a d t h e d i s c instead of red,
hence the name Blu-ray comes from.
The “e” in “blue” was purposefully left off, according to the
manufacturers, because an everyday word cannot be a
trademark.
7. BLU-RAY DISC
THE TECHNOLOGY
Blu-ray Disc uses a 405 nm "blue" laser instead 650 nm
red laser. In this tech.
- smaller beam focuses more precisely
- pits that are less than half the size of those
on a DVD
- pits spaced more closely so shorter track pitch
- Blu-ray Disc to hold about five times the
amount of information than DVD
laser diodes - GaN (gallium nitride)
-produce 405 nm light directly
-without frequency doubling or other nonlinear
optical mechanisms
8. BLU-RAY DISC
THE TECHNOLOGY
For Blu-ray Disc
- the spot size is 580 nm
- This allows a reduction of the pit size from 400 nm for DVD
to 150 nm for Blu-ray Disc.
- track pitch from 740 nm to 320 nm.
minimum “spot size” (on which a laser can be focused)
- is limited by diffraction
- depends on the wavelength of the light
- the numerical aperture of the lens is used to focus it
The laser beam can be focused to a smaller spot by
- decreasing the wavelength
- increasing the numerical aperture from 0.60 to 0.85
- making the cover layer thinner
11. BLU-RAY DISC
FORMATS
It comes in four different formats:
BD-ROM (read only) : for reading recorded
content.
BD-R (recordable) : for PC data storage.
BD-RW (rewritable) : for PC data storage.
BD-RE (rewritable) : for HDTV (high definition television) recording.
16. BLU-RAY DISC
COMPARISON
Blu-ray disc
Data is placed on top of a 1.1 mm
thick polycarbonate layer
Doesn’t suffer from
BIREFRINGENCE
Doesn’t suffer from DISC TILT
Hard coating is placed outside to
protect from scratches or
fingerprints
DVD
Data is sandwiched b/w two
polycarbonate layers, each 0.6
mm thick
Suffer from
BIREFRINGENCE
Suffer from DISC TILT
No such hard coating is
placed
19. BLU-RAY DISC
FEATURES
With BD we can:
Record HDTV without any quality loss
Instantly skip to any spot on disc
Record one program while watching other on the disc
Create playlists
Edit or reorder programs recorded on disc
Automatically search for an empty space on the disc to avoid
recording over a program
Access to web to download subtitles and other extra features.
20. BLU-RAY DISC
ADVANTAGES
More storage capacity on a disc of the same size
High data transfer rate
Available in different versions like ROM, R and RE
Backward compatible
Strong content protection
Compatible with analog and digital transmission
Higher disc life
22. BLU-RAY DISC
DENSITY ADVANTAGE
Higher density enables
better data seek times
Shorter to travel for
same amount of data
results in faster data seek
Better for random
access of data
23. BLU-RAY DISC
APPLICATIONS
High Definition Television Recording
High Definition Video Distribution
High Definition Camcorder Archiving
Mass Data Storage
Digital Asset Management and Professional
Storage
24. BLU-RAY DISC
LIMITATIONS AND CHALLENGES
High cost
Movie support
HD-DVD player: It gives a high definition picture so close to
that of a device twice its cost that consumers may just decide to
save their money.
Quite new, so if they were to update, if could cause problems
DVD's are not compatible with the Blu-ray system and Vice
versa.
25. BLU-RAY DISC
IMPROVEMENTS
AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS
Hybrid disc – A combination of a
single-layer BD and single-layer DVD
on a combined dual-layer disc. Such a
disc can hold the same video content in
both SD and HD video to be playable
on a DVD player and a Blu-ray player.
Sony and TDK are developing Blu-ray
discs of 200GB capacities.
29. BLU-RAY DISC
REFERENCES
1. White Paper Blu-ray Disc™ Format
2. www.blu-ray.com
3.
Wobble-address format of the blu-ray disc”. By S. Furumiya, S. Kobayashi,
B. Stek, H. Ishibashi, T. Yamagami, K. Schep: presented at ISOM/ODS
hawaii, july 2002.
4. http://www.blu-raytalk.com
5. www.optical-disc.com
6. www.blu-raydisc.info
Notes de l'éditeur
Cd-middle of 80’s by sony and philipsDvd-middle of 90’s
Bd-between 2000-20006 First movies on Blu-ray Discs were released in June 2006
In February 2002, a large grop of companies announced the introduction of the Blu-ray Disc (BD) format, the next generation in optical storage.In 2005, the Blu-ray Disc Founders announced the creation of the Blu-ray Disc AssociationThe aim of the BDA is to:- Develop Blu-ray Disc specifications- Ensure Blu-ray Disc products are implemented by licensees according to the intent of the specifications- Promote wide adoption of Blu-ray Disc formats- Provide useful information to those who are interested in supporting Blu-ray Disc formats.
. The smaller beam focuses more precisely, thus enabling it to read information recorded in pits that are less than half the size of those on a DVD, and can consequently be spaced more closely, resulting in a shorter track pitch, enabling a Blu-ray Disc to hold about five times the amount of information that can be stored on a DVD.The lasers are GaN (gallium nitride) laser diodes that produce 405 nm light directly, that is, without frequency doubling or other nonlinear optical mechanisms. Conventional DVDs use 650 nm red lasers, and CDs use 780 nm near-infrared lasers.Pits : spiral grooves that run from the centre of the disc to its edgesBumps : other sides of these edges.Track pitch : it is the distance between the two tracks (of pits) on the surface.--------------------------------Disc store digitally encoded data in PITS.
The minimum "spot size" on which a laser can be focused is limited by diffraction, and depends on the wavelength of the light and the numerical aperture of the lens used to focus it. By decreasing the wavelength, increasing the numerical aperture from 0.60 to 0.85, and making the cover layer thinner to avoid unwanted optical effects, the laser beam can be focused to a smaller spot, which effectively allows more information to be stored in the same area. For Blu-ray Disc, the spot size is 580 nm. This allows a reduction of the pit size from 400 nm for DVD to 150 nm for Blu-ray Disc, and of the track pitch from 740 nm to 320 nm. See Compact Disc for information on optical discs' physical structure. Due to the small data entry spot on the disc surface hard coating is needed on Blu-ray discs. Pits : spiral grooves that run from the center of the disc to its edgesBumps : other sides of these edges.Track pitch : it is the distance between the two tracks (of pits) on the surface.--------------------------------Disc store digitally encoded data in PITS.
The track pitch is less than half that of aDVD and the diameter of the laser spot is approximately 80 percent smaller.The blue laser’s short 405nm wavelength and the large 0.85 numericalaperture of the lens further contribute to the Blu-ray Disc’s high densitystorage capacities.
Durabis (Latin for "you will last") is a brand name for a clear polymer coating developed by the TDK Corporation. The need for a protective polymer arose because the data layer on Blu-ray Discs is much closer to the surface of the disc than in other disc formatsThe CuSi recording material incorporates copper (Cu)and silicon (Si) for breakthrough performance.
Each Blu-ray disc is about the same thickness (1.2 millimeters) as a DVD. But the two types of discs store data differently. In a DVD, the data is sandwiched between two polycarbonate layers, each 0.6-mm thick. Having a polycarbonate layer on top of the data can cause a problem called birefringence, in which the substrate layer refracts the laser light into two separate beams. If the beam is split too widely, the disc cannot be read. Also, if the DVD surface is not exactly flat, and is therefore not exactly perpendicular to the beam, it can lead to a problem known as disc tilt, in which the laser beam is distorted. All of these issues lead to a very involved manufacturing process.
NA – Numerical Aperture, defining the angle of theincident laser beam as it hits the surface of a disc.Thehigher the NA the smaller the minimum spot size thatcan be achieved for a given wavelength laser.Hard coat – A thin layer added to the play side of aBlu-ray Disc to protect the surface from scratchesand fingerprints.Cover layer – The transparent layer between the readlaser and pits on an optical disc. For single layer Blu-raythe cover layer is only 0.1mm thick and for dual layerBlu-ray only 0.07mm thick.
Strong content protectionFormat Developed with Input from Motion Picture Studios.Strong Copy Protection. Renewability with Renewal Key Block and Device Key.Enhanced Encryption Algorithm: AES 128 bit.Physical Hook against Bit by Bit Encrypted Content Copy.Title‐based Expandable Content Control File.Production Process Control Works against Professional Piracy.Public Key Based Authentication in PC Environment.
Various hard coating technologies make Blu ray disc most durable and family-friendly.Hard coating technology provides resistances to:Finger printsMarksScratchesDust Much more ROBUST than today’s polycarbonate-based CD/DVD’s (and HD DVD’s).
The Blu-ray Disc format was designed to offer the best performance and features for a wide variety of applications. High Definition video distribution is one of the key features of Blu-ray Disc, but the format's versatile design and top-of-the-line specifications mean that it is suitable for a full range of other purposes as well.High Definition Television RecordingHigh Definition broadcasting is vastly expanding in the U.S. and Asia. Consumers are increasingly making the switch to HDTV sets to enjoy the best possible television experience. The Blu-ray Disc format offers consumers the ability to record their High Definition television broadcasts in their original quality for the first time, preserving the pure picture and audio level as offered by the broadcaster. As such it will become the next level in home entertainment, offering an unsurpased user experience. And since the Blu-ray Disc format incorporates the strongest copy protection algorithms of any format or proposal to date, the format allows for recording of digital broadcasts while meeting the content protection demands of the broadcast industry.High Definition Video DistributionDue to its enormous data capacity of 25 to 50 GB per (single-sided) disc, the Blu-ray Disc format can store High Definition video in the highest possible quality. Because of the huge capacity of the disc, there is no need to compromise on picture quality. Depending on the encoding method, there is room for more than seven hours of the highest HD-quality video. There is even room for additional content such as special features and other bonus material to accompany the High Definition movie. Furthermore, the Blu-ray Disc movie format greatly expands on traditional DVD capabilities, by incorporating many new interactive features allowing content providers to offer an even more incredible experience to consumers. An Internet connection may even be used to unlock additional material that is stored on the disc, as there is enough room on the disc to include premium material as well.High Definition Camcorder ArchivingAs the market penetration of High Definition TV sets continues to grow, so does the demand of consumers to create their own HD recordings. With the advent of the first HD camcorders, consumers can now for the first time record their own home movies in a quality level unlike any before. As these camcorders are tape-based, consumers cannot benefit from the convenience and direct access features they are used to from DVD players and recorders. Now, the Blu-ray Disc format, with its unprecedented storage capacity, allows for the HD video recorded with an HD camcorder to be converted and recorded on a Blu-ray Disc. When the HD content is stored on a Blu-ray Disc, it can be randomly accessed in a way comparable to DVD. Furthermore, the disc can be safely stored for many years, without the risk of tape wear.Mass Data StorageIn its day, CD-R/RW meant a huge increase in storage capacity compared to traditional storage media with its 650 MB. Then DVD surpassed this amount by offering 4.7 to 8.5 GB of storage, an impressive 5-10 x increase. Now consumers demand an even bigger storage capacity. The growing number of broadband connections allowing consumers to download vast amounts of data, as well as the ever increasing audio, video and photo capabilities of personal computers have led to yet another level in data storage requirements. In addition, commercial storage requirements are growing exponentially due to the proliferation of e-mail and the migration to paperless processes. The Blu-ray Disc format again offers 5-10 x as much capacity as traditional DVD resulting in 25 to 50 GB of data to be stored on a single rewritable or recordable disc. As Blu-ray Disc uses the same form factor as CD and DVD, this allows for Blu-ray Disc drives that can still read and write to CD and DVD media as well.Digital Asset Management and Professional StorageDue to its high capacity, low cost per GB and extremely versatile ways of transferring data from one device to another (because of Blu-ray Disc's extremely wide adoption across the industry), the format is optimized for Digital Asset Management and other professional applications that require vast amounts of storage space. Think of medical archives that may contain numerous diagnostic scans in the highest resolution, or catalogs of audiovisual assets that need to be instantly retrieved in a random manner, without the need to "restore" data from a storage carrier. One Blu-ray Disc may replace many backup tapes, CDs, DVDs or other less common or proprietary storage media. And contrary to network solutions, the discs can be physically stored in a different location for backup and safekeeping.
