1. What is Psychoanalysis &
Humanistic Behavior?
Ch. 17 Section 2
Can I psychoanalyze you?
*Among dozens of types of
Psychotherapy, we will look
at only the most influential
2. I.Psychoanalysis
Based on the theories of Sigmund Freud
*He believed that *Psychological Disturbances are
due to anxiety caused by hidden conflicts amount the
unconscious components of one’s personality.
Psychoanalysis is therapy aimed at making
patients aware of their unconscious motives-
so they can gain control over their behavior.
*Do we know the difference between
consciousness and unconsciousness?
Iceberg example
Therapist are called psychoanalyst
3. I. Psychoanalyst
*They believe that if a
patients can understand their
unconscious motives, then
have taken the FIRST step
toward gaining control over
their behavior and free
themselves of their
problems--- this
understanding is called
INSIGHT- or sudden
realization of the solution to a
problem.
*Few clinicians practice therapy as Freud
did today, but his terminology has crept
4. I. Slow Procedure
May take years of
50 min sessions
several times a
week-before
fundamental
changes
5. Three Different Types or ways to
Psychoanalyze a Client
A. Free Association
B. Dream Analysis
C. Transference
6. A. Free Association
This is when the Therapist tells the
patient to relax and talk about
everything that comes to mind.
*The patient may consider some passing
thoughts too unimportant, or too
embarrassing to mention- but
everything needs to be expressed!
*It sounds easy, but soon you notice how
often you edit your thoughts as you speak-
omitting things.
7. *As the Patient lies on the couch, he or
she might describe dreams, discuss
private thoughts, or recall long
forgotten experiences
* The whole goal of Free
Association is to unearth
the past in hope of
unmaking the present.
8. i. Resistance:
The reluctance of a patient either to reveal
painful feelings or to examine longstanding
behavior patterns.
*difficult to reveal painful things
Sometimes your mind goes blank
By analyzing and uncovering the
resistances- both the therapist & patient
can understand the source of anxieties- and
how the patient deals.
Or maybe uncover something the patient is
defending or hiding
9. B. Dream Analysis
Where the Psychoanalyst interprets the
clients dreams
Freud believes that dreams express
unconscious thoughts & feelings
Latent Content: hidden meaning
represented symbolically in the dream
*Little evidence linking dreams to real life
problems
10. C. Transference
Where the analyst begins to appear in
the patient’s associations & Dreams
The patients is beginning to feel
toward the analyst the way he or she
feels towards some other important
figure in their life.
*By understanding Transference, the
patient becomes aware of hidden
feelings and motivations
11. Remember:
The role of Psychoanalysis is to show the role
of the unconscious and provide insight for the
client.
*Its not for everyone- Requires an average of
600 sessions
$100 a hour, 3 sessions a week- cost of $30,000 yr
*People who loose touch with reality-for
instance, a person suffering from
schizophrenia- will not benefit from
psychoanalysis
12. II. Humanistic Therapy
Goal: Help people fulfill their human
potential
By 1. Personal Responsibility 2. Freedom
of Choice 3. Authentic Relationships
*Given rise to several approaches to
psychotherapy-
Known collectively as Client- Centered
Therapy
13. Client- Centered Therapy
Based on theories of Carl Rogers
Depends on the person’s own
motivation toward growth.
*All about words you used with the
Client! (Don’t say patient)
Assumes that people are basically
good & can handle their own lives
Psychological Problems Arise when the
true self becomes lost
14.
15. Techniques of Client- Centered
Therapy
Nondirective Therapy-
client speaks freely about
any troubling matters
Active Listening- echo
back the possible feelings
the client has expressed
ALL Of this happens in an
atmosphere of emotional
support Rogers calls-
Unconditional Positive
Regard