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MARXISM

Themes and concepts
Scientific socialism
 Marxism was a 19th century theory of
  revolutionary communism that characterised itself
  as scientific socialism
 Scientific socialism – a label for Marxist theory
  which claims to be rationalist, objective, verifiable
  and predictive
Class conflict
 Predicted the inevitable overthrow of the capitalist
  ruling class by the proletariat working class due to
  the inevitable economic conflicts and
  contradictions within the capitalist system
 Bourgeoisie – owns the means of production
 Proletariat – owns only its labour power
 Class conflict – a clash of irreconcilable interests
  between the above 2 groups culminating in real
  class struggle
Private property

 Meaning from a Marxist perspective – individual
 ownership of the means of production for profit
Exploitation
 This concept central to the theory of inevitable
  class conflict
 Extraction of surplus value by the bourgeoisie
  from the proletariat in the process of production
  (source of profit)

Alienation
Dialetical materialism
 The label that Engels applied to Marx’s theory of
 progress through economic conflict
Ideology
 Used the term in a critical and negative way to
  mean a partial and distorting class perspective –
  a set of ideas and values that reflect and protect
  ruling class interests
 ‘ The ruling ideas of any age are the ideas of the
  ruling class’ – Marx
 Marxism is not an ideology but a true and total
  scientific picture of reality

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Marxism

  • 2. Scientific socialism  Marxism was a 19th century theory of revolutionary communism that characterised itself as scientific socialism  Scientific socialism – a label for Marxist theory which claims to be rationalist, objective, verifiable and predictive
  • 3. Class conflict  Predicted the inevitable overthrow of the capitalist ruling class by the proletariat working class due to the inevitable economic conflicts and contradictions within the capitalist system  Bourgeoisie – owns the means of production  Proletariat – owns only its labour power  Class conflict – a clash of irreconcilable interests between the above 2 groups culminating in real class struggle
  • 4. Private property  Meaning from a Marxist perspective – individual ownership of the means of production for profit
  • 5. Exploitation  This concept central to the theory of inevitable class conflict  Extraction of surplus value by the bourgeoisie from the proletariat in the process of production (source of profit) Alienation
  • 6. Dialetical materialism  The label that Engels applied to Marx’s theory of progress through economic conflict
  • 7. Ideology  Used the term in a critical and negative way to mean a partial and distorting class perspective – a set of ideas and values that reflect and protect ruling class interests  ‘ The ruling ideas of any age are the ideas of the ruling class’ – Marx  Marxism is not an ideology but a true and total scientific picture of reality