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Understanding Nutrient s, Emissions & Odor at Harrison Farms - 2,[object Object],Swine Facility Emission & Odor Monitoring,[object Object],Paul Kivlin – UW Extension/NPM/Discovery Farms,[object Object],Kevan Klingberg, Dennis Frame and Amber Radatz - UW Extension/Discovery Farms,[object Object]
Emission and Odor Introduction,[object Object],Air quality and odor control are pressing environmental issues facing animal agriculture across Wisconsin and the United States.,[object Object],Producers will soon be faced with increasing pressure to comply with air quality standards.,[object Object],For the past several years, pork producers have been at the forefront of these issues and they understand the importance of emission and odor control.,[object Object],As leaders in their industry, Lynn and Patricia Harrison (E & L Harrison Enterprises, Inc.) participated in an emission/odor monitoring project with the Discovery Farms Program and Baumgartner Environics.,[object Object],This study evaluated their hog finishing facilities against current WI Ambient Air Quality Standards.  ,[object Object]
Emission and Odor Introduction,[object Object],Ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and odor from livestock facilities can all have adverse impacts on air quality.,[object Object],May affect health and wellbeing of people and livestock living and working in these areas.,[object Object],The WI livestock industry has limited quantitative data to document actual on-farm emissions from livestock facilities.,[object Object],To improve the information available, the livestock industry requested that monitoring be conducted to identify baseline levels of loss for ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and odor generated from a variety of livestock facilities.,[object Object]
Emission and Odor Introduction,[object Object],Ammonia,[object Object],A nitrogen gas emitted from housing facilities, manure storage areas, and from applications of manure / nitrogen fertilizer to fields.,[object Object],Lost ammonia compounds can remain in the air as particulate haze and/or be re-deposited to the land.,[object Object],Concerns about ammonia emissions include:  ,[object Object],Atmospheric (ammonia compound) particulates cause haze and stimulate human respiratory health issues,,[object Object],Additions of “extra” nitrogen to the ecosystem results in soil acidification, changes in plant species and water quality concerns (hypoxia).,[object Object]
Emission and Odor Introduction,[object Object],Hydrogen sulfide,[object Object],A product of the anaerobic decomposition of manure (or other organic matter).,[object Object],Exposure to hydrogen sulfide at 50 parts per million (ppm) can cause dizziness, headache and nausea.,[object Object],Workers in areas where exposed to levels of 1,000 ppm or more of hydrogen sulfide can become ill and/or die:,[object Object],respiratory paralysis,,[object Object],manure pits, transfer stations, poorly ventilated buildings. ,[object Object]
Emission and Odor Introduction,[object Object],Odors from livestock facilities arise from a wide variety of gases and compounds.,[object Object],Many exist at very low concentrations. ,[object Object],The actual odor can be from any combination of manure, dust, decaying feed and other organic material.,[object Object],Odors evoke a wide range of physical and emotional reactions, both positive and negative – depending on the person.,[object Object],Apple pie, fresh tilled soil,,[object Object],paper company, livestock manure.,[object Object]
Project Methods,[object Object],This project was conducted by Baumgartner Environics and Discovery Farms staff at five swine finishing barns operated by E & L Harrison Enterprises, Inc.,[object Object],Animal management within these barns is “all in – all out”, where feeder pigs are brought in at 50 lbs. and finished to 250 lbs. within 16 weeks.,[object Object]
Project Methods,[object Object],Single-day emission rates for ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and odor were determined for each barn. ,[object Object],Baumgartner Environics used the U.S. Environmental Protections Agency’s CALPUFF air quality model to estimate odorous gas concentrations present at property lines and nearest neighbor residences.,[object Object]
Project Methods,[object Object],On the day that air quality monitoring was conducted, ,[object Object],each barn had the following hog populations:,[object Object]
Project Methods,[object Object],Ammonia was measured directly from barn,[object Object],exhaust fans, as well as manure pit exhaust ,[object Object],fans using gas detection colorimetric tubes.,[object Object]
Project Methods,[object Object],Hydrogen sulfide was measured at exhaust fans and property lines using a Jerome 631-X Hydrogen Sulfide Analyzer.,[object Object]
Project Methods,[object Object],Odor was measured two ways:,[object Object],Collected a bag of air from barn exhaust fans for lab analysis by dynamic olfactometry (right),,[object Object],Measured on-site using a Nasal Ranger Field Olfactometer (above).,[object Object]
Project Results,[object Object],Emissions of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and odor are measured as the amount of gas emitted per square meter of barn floor per time unit.,[object Object],Referred to as gas flux rates.,[object Object],For the purpose of comparison, the following 3 graphs also show the average emission flux rates from a number of Minnesota swine finishing barns:,[object Object],Wood, S. L. et al.  2001.  Odor and Gas Emissions From Animal Production Systems.  2001 ASAE Annual Meeting Paper No. 01-4043.  St. Joseph, MI.,[object Object]
Project Results,[object Object],High correlation to the number of animal units present in each barn.,[object Object],On the study date, site 2 was the most densely populated barn (184 AU).,[object Object],Site 2 had the highest emission and odor values measured at the exhaust fans.,[object Object],Emission rates of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide from all the buildings on the project farm were below the Minnesota average. ,[object Object]
Project Results,[object Object],High correlation to the number of animal units present in each barn.,[object Object],On the study date, site 2 was the most densely populated barn (184 AU).,[object Object],Site 2 had the highest emission and odor values measured at the exhaust fans.,[object Object],Emission rates of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide from all the buildings on the project farm were below the Minnesota average. ,[object Object]
Project Results,[object Object],High correlation to the number of animal units present in each barn.,[object Object],On the study date, site 2 was the most densely populated barn (184 AU).,[object Object],Site 2 had the highest emission and odor values measured at the exhaust fans.,[object Object],The levels of odor were slightly above the Minnesota odor average.  ,[object Object]
Project Summary,[object Object],Air quality sampling and modeling indicate that E & L Harrison Enterprises, Inc. hog finishing facilities are not a significant public health concern with regard to ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions.,[object Object],Odor is primarily confined to the immediate vicinity of the barns but could be detected (at non-annoying levels) at the property lines for some barns.,[object Object],A full report for this project, “Air Quality Impacts at Three Hog Feedlots”, was prepared by Baumgartner Environics,,[object Object],Available on the UW-Discovery Farms Program website: http://www.uwdiscoveryfarms.org/pdf/pubsnewsres/other/harrisonBErpt.pdf,[object Object]
Information Available,[object Object],This presentation is the second in a series of four developed to provide the data and information collected at E & L Harrison Enterprises, Inc.,[object Object],There are 4 factsheets, 4 briefs and 4 presentations associated with this project.,[object Object],All factsheets, briefs and presentations are available on the UW - Discovery Farms website.,[object Object],http://www.uwdiscoveryfarms.org,[object Object]
Acknowledgement,[object Object],Thank you to the Wisconsin Pork Association for their interest and support of this project.,[object Object]
For Additional Information,[object Object],http://www.uwdiscoveryfarms.org,[object Object],UW Discovery Farms,[object Object],40195 Winsand Drive,[object Object],PO Box 429,[object Object],Pigeon Falls, WI 54760,[object Object], 1-715-983-5668,[object Object],jgoplin@wisc.edukevan.klingberg@ces.uwex.edu,[object Object]

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