1) Mass culture refers to culture that is mass produced and marketed to large audiences through mass media. It aims to appeal to mainstream values and tastes. 2) Theorists like Adorno were critical of mass culture, arguing it produced standardized cultural products that manipulated audiences and discouraged independent thinking. 3) However, others saw popular culture as a site of resistance where subordinate groups could challenge dominant ideologies being pushed by mass media outlets. Mass culture remains a topic of ongoing debate around its social and political impacts.

2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAHTe4wpZqE

4. Mass media , this collection of ideas permeates the everyday lives of the society.

5. Folklore refers to the cultural mainstream of more local or pre-industrial societies. Folklore consists of culture, including stories, music, dance, legends, oral history, proverbs, jokes, popular beliefs, customs and so forth within a particular population comprising the traditions (including oral traditions) of that culture, subculture, or group. It is also the set of practices through which those expressive genres are shared.

6. As a result, it comes under heavy criticism from various non-mainstream sources (most notably religious groups and countercultural groups) which deem it superficial, consumerist, sensationalist, and corrupted. Popular culture is often viewed as being trivial and dumbed-down in order to find consensual acceptance throughout the mainstream.

7. (Phisical therapy) Jenkies states that video games teach children how to learn through play. He also states that good video games give players strong identities. Some examples of this is being able to build a character from the ground up and look at the character's point of view, create their own skate park, community, and life. He further states that in this realm, students are able to be free and independent thinkers. Students become creative problem solvers.

8. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x82gWQFEpQA

9. Mass culture refers to how culture gets produced, whereas popular culture refers to how culture gets consumed. Mass culture is culture which is mass produced, distributed, and marketed. "Mass Culture" is a set of cultural values and ideas that arise from common exposure of a population to the same cultural activities, communications media, music and art, etc. Mass culture tends to reproduce the liberal value of individualism and to foster a view of the citizen as consumer

12. The mass Culture definition is related to the pop culture definition Mass culture reflects a culture of “ mass produced for mass consumption” From a Western European perspective, this may be compared to American culture . Alternatively, "pop culture" can be defined as an " authentic " culture of the people

13. Neo-Gramscian hegemony theory "... sees popular culture as a site of struggle between the 'resistance ' of subordinate groups in society and the forces of 'incorporation ' operating in the interests of dominant groups in society. Mass culture depends on techologies of mass production Mass media is part of our everyday enculturation. The population is bombarded with popular culture by television, radio, advertisement, internet and every other imaginable form to help us determine our views of popular culture.

14. Comprehensive collection of writings on mass culture in film , literature , radio , TV , advertising , and popular music . Forty nine articles by varied writers which include: "Mass Appeal and Minority Tastes", "Popular Songs vs. the Fact of Life", and "Popular Culture and the Open Society". The writers address the question "Should we adopt the classic intellectual rejection of mass culture, or should we give mass culture our critical support?”

15. Andreas Huyssen “All culture is standardized, organized and administered for the sole purpose of serving as an instrument of social control" (Huyssen 21).

17. Theodor Adorno Adorno (1903-69) a German philosopher, member of the Frankfurt School, argued that capitalism fed people with the products of a 'culture industry ' - the opposite of 'true' art - to keep them passively satisfied and politically apathetic. Where Marx had focused on economics , Adorno placed emphasis on the role of culture in securing the status quo .

18. Commodity fetishism (promoted by the marketing, advertising and media industries) means that social relations and cultural experiences are objectified in terms of money. We are delighted by something because of how much it costs . By fulfilling false needs, people feel that they are getting what they really want , while true needs remain unsatisfied .

19. Popular media and music products are characterized by standardisation (formulaic and similar, “predigested” – the audience has already heard or seen them) and pseudo-individualisation (incidental differences make them seem distinctive, but they're not). Popular music offers relaxation and respite from the rigors of mechanical labour because it is not demanding or difficult . It serves to maintain masses away from political issues, thus they are easily manipulated .

20. Classical music focuses on the melody and harmony. Popular music on timbre and connotation – elements ignored in Adorno’s methods of analysis . Superior form of human expression Distracts and comforts the listener ensuring that they will be a cooperative and productive element in the economic system

21. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-njxKF8CkoU

22. http://www.jahsonic.com/MassCulture.html Huyssen, A. After the great divide: Modernism, mass culture and postmodernism. 1986. USA. Indiana University Press. Adorno, . The culture Industry.2001.New York. Routledge.