PREPARETION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF STRUCTURAL PLAN

ቀቀቀቀቀ (ቀቀቀቀቀቀቀቀቀ
ቀቀቀ
(ቀቀቀቀቀቀ ቀቀቀ
))
ቀቀቀቀቀ
ቀቀቀ

December, 2013
ቀቀቀ
MUDC, Addis Ababa

ቀ /ቀ /ቀ
/ቀ /ቀ

Contents of the presentation
I. Introduction
1.
2.
3.

Background
Urban Panning Practices in Ethiopia
Definition and principles of Structure Plan

2.Phases of Plan Preparation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Initiation and planning program
Situational assessment
Planning issue identification and prioritization
Setting vision, goals and objectives
Data collection and compilation
Data analysis and interpretation
Preparation of conceptual plan
Preparation of frame work plan /proposal
Plan approval

Contents of the presentation
3.Phases of Plan implementation
1.
2.

3.

Implementation
Monitoring and Evaluation
Feed back

1.Introduction
1. Background
Primary Manual was prepared in September 2006 (by FUPI
and Mathewos Consult)

Revised in 2012 (by MUDC,UPSBB)
 Reason for the revision of the manual



To incorporate changes, in policy/legal frameworks;
To improve the contents, comprehensiveness and clarity

Purpose of the manual




Guide and handbook
Reference and source of information
Uniformity and transparent urban planning exercise in the
country

1.Introduction cont’d…
Content of the Manual





Introduction (mainly overall purpose, objectives and review
of practices, Conceptual framework
Steps and procedures (SP Manual detailing 10 phases)
Formats and standards

How were the Manuals prepared
Structure Plan manual have been prepared as a base
 lessons learnt from local and international planning practices
 Participatory and consultative approach
 Expansion, refinement and consolidation of the Draft

Manuals (2003 by MFA and 2006 by MUHDC)

Role of NUPI/FUPI/UPCB
 1979-1998 preparation different plan/monitoring & evaluation
 Lack of capacity, to cover all
 About 120 towns (1979-1998)
 Currently (1001 cities have plan) after RUPI and private

consultants

Currently Role of Urban Plan, Sanitation &
Beautification Bureau
 Capacity Building( training, research and others)
 Regulatory(monitoring and evaluation)

2.Urban Panning approaches adopted in Ethiopia
 Previous Planning Practices




Sketch plan and master plan since1936

Master Plans, Detailed Plan


Addis Ababa, 40 Towns (1969), and others



Development plans ( since 1985 )



Structure Plans (since 1999)
Addis Ababa and Adama Master Plan Revisions



Integrated Development Planning (IDP) approach (since 2004)
Mekelle, Awassa, Dire Dawa, Bahir Dar, Adigrat, Gambela and
others

 Current Planning Practices


Structure plan, basic plan, LDP and urban design

1. Urban Panning Practices in Ethiopia

1st

recorded urban
planning - made at the
end of 19th early 20th
centuries
after the relives of
Addis Ababa as a
capital.
the Empress Taitu
and/or Emperor Minilik
settlement plan
formal settlement
pattern around
Filwouha (hot spring)
area

Le Corbusier 1936
sketch plan of AA
Italian master plan
Opposed garden
city
Focused on
modern capital
Segregated (east
for natives west for
Europeans
Radial urban
Frame work not
detail


•Guidi & valle zoning plan , Italian plan
• 1936-41 of sefer system
•Partially implemented
•Grid iron

Sir patric
Abercrombie
Plan in 1954-56
Also Plan for
great London
Zoning principle
Radial
Satellite city
Ring road
Not effectively
implemented

 Bolton Henessy and











partners (British
consultants)
Refine former
Abercrombie's
Topo map
Ring road
Green belt
Centers
Satellite city(gefersa,
kolfe, Bole, kotebe)
Not successful

French L De
marien (1965)
Special focus to
chrchil street
Detail urban
design exercise
Legibility
principles

 Hungarian professor C.K. Polonyi, (1970 ) mainly

focused on the design of Meskel square ( public
space) connect (AA to Adama) create development
poles

 Short comings
 Lack of involvement of local experts
 Lack of legality
 Focused only on physical/spatial
 Little or none urban –rural interaction
 Not accessible for the public assumed as secret political
instrument
 Local reality missed
 Not respond to dynamic changes
 Differs in content, context, time horizon etc)

 It was the 1970s ministry of urban development and

housing established to guide the development of
urban centers
 AAMPPO established prepared master plan in 1986


1986 by AAMPO
(Ethio-Italian master
plan)
Establishment of NUPI


Current structural plan
In in use and revision process

 As a summary
 The involvement of local planners and experts in urban








planning,
Multi-professional involvement,
The establishment of central urban plan making body in the
country,(NUPI)
Rectification of the scope and contents of urban plans,
Public access for the plans,
The shifts in the planning approaches, and then
Decentralization of plan making bodies

Master plan vs Structure plan
Master plan

Structure plan/basic plan

past city plan approach

Current city plan approach

Focusing More physical/spatial
aspect

Focusing Physical /spatial
/socio-economic aspects

20years

10years

Rigid /zoning change not
possible( wherever plan not
addressed the facts /realities

Flexible/zoning change
possible wherever realities
become visible

block level details and local
roads included

Sp Framework/ basic plan
detail up to block level

participatory planning was considered as
simple familiarization of the already
finalized urban plans to stakeholders.

Highly participatory

1. Introduction cont’d…

Hierarchy of Current Ethiopian Urban Planning System

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3
Level 4

National Urban Development Scheme
(NUDS)

Regional Urban Development Plan (RUDP)
City-Wide Structure Plan (CWSP)

Local Development Plan

3. Definition and principles of Structure Plan
 Definition of Structure Plan(UPL)




A binding technical document
Institutional and policy framework
For guiding the long term development of urban centre/
town/ city/

 SP indicate(UPL)



Principal land uses, magnitude & growth direction,
Urban redevelopment areas, layout of major physical & social
infrastructure etc.

 Principles of Structure Plan





Strategic
Comprehensiveness and seeks urban rural harmony
Flexible
Participatory

Phases of
Structure Plan Preparation

Structure Plan Process(preparation &implementation
Initiation & planning program

Preparation
stage

Situational assessment

Planning issue identification and prioritization
Setting vision, Goals and objectives
Data collection and compilation

Planning stage

Data analysis and interpretation
Preparation of the conceptual plan

Preparation of frame work plan

Implementation &
evaluation stage

Plan approval
Implementation, monitoring and evaluation

Structure Plan Process (cont…)
StructurePlan Process(preparation &implementation

Structure Plan Preparation & Implementation Process

Continuous process
Planning is continuous
process

Phase I- initiation and planning program
1 Purpose
 to determine need for new plan or revision of old plan
 Identify prerequisite that should be met before the

commencement
2 Tasks
 Task 1: Initiation of Planning
 Activity 1. Conduct need assessment
 Activity 2. Initiate planning
 Activity 3. Conduct rapid assessment on data to be
collected & analyzed
 Activity 4. Decide on the type of planning or revision to
adopt
 Task 2 : Planning and Programming
 Activity 1. Setup Advisory Committees and Public Forum
 Advisory Committee
 Public Forum
 Technical Committee

Phase I- initiation and planning program cont’d…
Major Deliverables / Outputs
 A resolution to prepare a Structure Plan
Established advisory committee, technical committee, public forum

Responsible Body
 The problem could be initiated by any interested group, or

stakeholder, public or otherwise
 Municipality, the Regional Urban Development Bureau, City
Administration, Federal government
 The municipality will be responsible for establishment of
committees and the forum

Phase 2 . Situation Assessment
purpose



to assess the contextual setting of a city/ town
to obtain preliminary but sufficient background information

Task 1 Conduct Situation Assessment
 Assessment is done through interviews, brainstorming, rapid
assessment of the previous studies & physical assessment
Activity 1. Assess and review various issues
 Assess the magnitude and direction of growth;
 Assess the principal land uses
 Assess socio-economic, physical and environmental
situations;
 Identify housing needs
 Review layout and organization of major physical and
social infrastructure
 Assess urban redevelopment intervention areas Assess urban-urban and urban-rural linkages.

Phase 2 . Situation Assessment
 Activity 2. Develop a short summary of concept document

as an output.

 Task 2 Conduct SWOT Analysis






Activity 1. Internal Origin (leader ship, organizational
arrangement, system and procedures, resource)
Activity 2 External Origin ( political, economic, social,
technological, environmental)
Activity 3 Plan of Action (SWOT analysis matrix)

Phase 2 . Situation Assessment Cont’d…
 Major Deliverables / Outputs
Background information for the identification of planning issues
 Short summary of concept document

 Responsible body
 The planning team or the planning institutions
 The local community, stakeholders

 Key checkup questions
 Is background information for the identification of planning

issues identified?
 Is the information sufficient?
 Was the process participative?



phase 3 : Planning Issue Identification &
Prioritization

Continuous process
process

Phase 3. Planning Issue Identification & Prioritization

Purpose
 to identify a list of planning issues and select the major
priorities/critical problems

Task 1: Identification of Planning Issues
Steps for identification of planning issues
 List problems identified
 Discuss with stakeholders for reality
 Substantiate identified problems with facts and figures
 If possible compare facts and figures with standards,
 Identify those problems which are found to be significantly
different from the figures with which they are compared
 Form a clusters of problems / planning issues by putting
similar problems in the same cluster

Phase 3. Planning Issue Identification & Prioritization cont’d…

Task 2: Prioritization
 Like any decision-making process, prioritization can be
done in principle by three different types of approaches:
a. by consensus;

b. by scoring; and
c. by a structured process, based on systematic
consideration of various sources of information.

Task 3: Detailed analysis of priority issues
 Activity 1. Conduct detailed analysis on priority issues
 Activity 2. Consolidate the result of the analysis

Phase 3. planning issue identification & prioritization cont’d…

Major Deliverables / Outputs
 Identified Planning Issues
 Prioritized Problems / Priority Issues

 Detailed Analysis of Priority Issues

Responsible Body
 The team leader or project coordinator & the Planning Team
 The public forum, stakeholders, local community, advisory committee

Phase 3. planning issue identification & prioritization cont’d…

Key Checkup Questions
 Are planning & priority issues identified by the public forum?
 Are local priority issues identified by the local community?

 Is the existing situation clearly defined through detailed analysis?



Phase 4. Setting Vision, Goals and Objectives

Continuous process
process


 Purpose
 to set vision, major goals, objectives & formulation of strategies
Task 1. setting vision of the city
Task 2. setting goals & objectives for the priority issues
Task 3. formulation of strategies
Task 4. analyzing and deciding on alternatives
Task 5. preparation of concept paper & terms of reference
 Activity 1. Preparation of terms of reference
 Activity 2: Assign task force
 for small towns/ for big cities


Major Deliverables
 Vision Statement
 Established goals for the achievement of the city vision

 Established objectives for each goal
 Formulated strategies to achieve the goals
 Consolidated report/ concept paper
 TOR for the preparation of the Structure Plan

 Responsible Body
 The project team and public forum for setting vision
 The project team and relevant experts from the relevant
sector office for setting goals and objectives and formulation
of strategies
 Advisory committee for deciding on vision, goals, objectives
and strategies













Is the vision shared?
Do established goals help solve prioritized issues?
Are all objectives SMART and in line with the goals and priority
issues?
Are the strategies enabling to achieve each goal established?
Are all strategies in line with the objectives?
Was concept paper prepared?
Is the Terms of Reference clear and complete?
Have the necessary resources been mobilized?
Is the required organizational arrangement established?



Phase 5. Data Collection and Compilation

Continuous process
process


Purpose
 to get adequate data (historical, physical, socio-economic,

geology, environmental, spatial data, etc)
 Task 1: Determine Data Collection Tools
 Activity 1: Determine the type & sources of data to be collected
 Activity 2: Determine the method of data collection
• Primary data/secondary data:
 Activity 3: Prepare data collection formats (check list,
structured interview, questionnaire , site observation)

Task 2: Data Collection at influence area level
 Activity .1: Identification of the Influence
 Activity 2: Collect data on Linkage with the influence areas

Phase 5. Data Collection and Compilation cont’d…
Task 3: Data Collection at Urban Level
Activity 1: Collect Data Related to Social Development
Activity 2: Collect Data Related on Economic Aspects
Activity 3: Collect Data Related to Physical, and
Environmental Aspects ( soil type, contour, wind
direction, sun orientation )
Activity 4. Collect Data Related to Drainage System
 Collect information on basin/watershed characteristics:
 Collect information on open channel flow:
 .Collect information on storm drains/ pipe systems
 Collect information on flood problems/ damages:
 Collect information on bridges and culverts

Activity 5: Collect Data Related geological aspect
 Get geological/ hydrological map at appropriate scales
 Geological Structure
 Mineral Resources Potential




Natural Earth Construction Materials
Water Resources Potential
Surface Water sources

 Groundwater (Hydrogeology)
 Groundwater Quality
 Geological Constraints /Hazards



Seismicity:
Erosion, Sedimentation and Flooding, land slide etc.


Activity 8. Data related to Spatial Aspect
digital base map
1. Ground surveying
2. Using Existing plan by scanning if any
3. Areal photo(orthophoto)
4. Satellite image

GCP points

nail at centre
concrete
monuments at
known places


I. Collect data on land use
Use1:5000 and/or 1:2000 scaled base maps conduct land use inventory on
ten major urban functions.(make sure the quality of Base map )

g

Ground surveying
•Check for GCP points


Sample GCP point on hill top


Areal photo

Satellite image


I. Collect data on land use
Use1:5000 and/or 1:2000 scaled base maps conduct land use inventory on
ten major urban functions.(make sure the quality of Base map )

Base map


Collect data on land use

I.
I.

1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Conduct inventory on residential housing (pure, mixed)
Conduct inventory on land under administration use(city,
kebele etc)
Conduct inventory on commercial and trade activities
(market, different business centers)
Conduct inventory on social services ( school, health,
religion)
Conduct inventory on Manufacturing and Storage (small
and large scale, warehouses)
Conduct inventory on transport (terminals, bus stations)
Conduct inventory on recreation (stadium, playgrounds,
open spaces etc)

 8 Conduct inventory on urban agriculture

9. Conduct inventory on forest
10 Conduct inventory on special function




Restricted areas: military site and camp, historical and
archaeological sites, etc.
Reserved area, conservation area, water body, etc.

Data Collection & analysis (cont…)
Existing land use data collection format
Housing pure residence
Mixed
Business and commerce
Manufacturing and storage
Service
Environment
Forest
Urban agriculture
Open space & recreation
Administration

transport

II
I


Collect data on road system
 Using a 1:2000 and/or 1:5000 base maps:







Identify uses, location, condition, distribution, size, hierarchy and
material of construction of roads;
undertake site observation and point out problems associated with
roads and network in the town;
Identify pedestrian walkway and bikeway and their characteristics;
Collect documents about projects on roads.

Activity 7. Data related Historical aspect
Activity 6. Collect Data Related to Urban Good Governance


Task 4: Discussion at local and city wide Level
 Activity 1. Local Level Discussion
 Activity 2. Stakeholder Level Discussion

 Activity 3. City wide /Municipal Level Discussion

Task 5: Data Compilation
 Activity 1: Reconcile the data

 Activity 2: Compile the data

Major Deliverables
 Data Collection Formats
 Maps containing existing Physical and Spatial features
 Compiled Socio-Economic, Physical, Geological,

Environmental and Spatial data analysis maps
 Reports

 The project team
 Key Checkup Questions
 Are the data collection formats clear and ready for use?
 Does the collected data cover all dimensions (physical,
social, economical, spatial, etc)



Phase 6. Data Analysis And Interpretation

Continuous process
process

Phase 6. Data Analysis And Interpretation
Purpose
 The purpose of data analysis is to abstract significant facts

from the collected mass of data
 This step will thus lead to meaningful findings that are ready
for recommendations and proposals.
Task 1: Determining Tools for Data Analysis
 Activity 1. Application of General Tools

 Activity 2. Application of Specific Tools

Phase 6. Data Analysis And Interpretation cont’d…
 Task 2: Identify Points to be analyzed
 Activity 1. Identify Points to be analyzed under Social






Development Issues
Activity 2. Identify Points to be analyzed under Economic
Development Issues
Activity 3. Identify Points to be analyzed under Physical and
Environmental , geological Issues
Activity 4. Identify points to be analyzed regarding spatial
aspects
Activity 5. Identify Points to be analyzed Regarding Drainage
System
Activity 6. Analyze Data Collected from the Influence Area

Phase 6. Data Analysis and Interpretation cont’d…
 Task 3: Data Interpretation
 Task 4: Detailed analysis and Review of Priority Issues
 Major Deliverables
 Facts and figures extracted from the socio-economic,
physical, geological, environmental and spatial data
 Priority Issues & Result of the In-depth Analysis on the Issue
 Summary of community and stakeholder-specific priorities.
 A consolidated Report on the Result of Analysis

Phase 6. Data Analysis and Interpretation cont’d…
Responsible Body
 Advisory Committee
 Public forum

 Are priority issues analyzed through an in-depth analysis?
 Are summary of community and stakeholder specific priorities

identified by the team?
 Is consolidated report produced?



Phase 7. Preparation of Concept Plan

Continuous process
process

PHASE 7. 7. Preparation CONCEPT PLANPlan
Phase PREPARATION OF of Concept

Purpose
 to prepare a conceptual plan consists, future expansion
directions, major land use /zones and other major elements
 Task 1: Develop alternative Concept Plans
 Prepare different scenarios( say three options)

Phase 7. Preparation of Concept Plan
Task 2. Discussion on the alternative Concept Plans
 Activity 1. Conduct Discussions
 Conduct discussion among project team
 Conduct in-house discussion
 Conduct discussion with advisory committee
 Conduct discussions with the public forum
 Record and document events for every discussions
 Activity 2. Incorporate Comments

Phase 7. Preparation of Concept Plan cont’d…
 Conceptual plan that also shows schematic diagram of major
zoning at appropriate scale map;
 Written illustrations in a more concise and summarized form






Have the major land use elements/ zones considered?
Is it in line with the prioritized planning issues, the vision, goals, and
objectives?
Are the proposals realistic?
Is it supported by written illustrations?



Phase 8. Preparation of a Framework
Plan/proposals

Continuous process
process

Phase 8. Preparation of a Framework Plan
 Purpose
 to prepare land use proposal of the structure plan based on
spatial inputs
 Task 1 Prepare proposals for spatial components of SP







Activity 1. Housing component
Activity 2. Centers & market places /Commerce, business &
administrative areas
Activity 3. Services, community facilities and amenities, special
functions, reserved areas, historical sites, archaeological sites
Activity 4. Industry, warehouses, depots and workshops
Activity 5. Road network, transportation, utilities & infrastructure
Activity 6. Environmental sensitive areas (parks, urban
agriculture, recreation, mineral resources)

 Task 2. Preparation of the Land Use Plan (plans )
 Task 3. Preparation of Road Network Plan( plans & sections)
 Task 4. Discussion on the Framework Plan

Phase 8. Preparation of A Framework Plan cont’d…
Integration of Proposals (cont…)
Proposed land use format
Scale , northing , legend others, color
representation
Major land use

Color

Housing
Existing
Proposal

Business and commerce
Manufacturing and
storage
Service
Environment
Forest and
riverside green
Agriculture

transport
V

Phase 8. Preparation of A Framework Plan cont’d…
Integration of Proposals (cont…)

1. Hierarch (width)
PAS
SAS
CS
drainage

Proposed road net work
Scale , northing , legend others, color
V
representation

Proposals of the Structure Plan

Phase 8. Preparation Of A Framework Plan
To Fiche

¬ Ã Ãq Oq T: Ž
¬Ã ™ r
H

INTOTO

GULELE

To Debre Berhan
WINGATE

To Ambo

YEKAABADO

Spatial Output format for
Environmental study

Fili Dono
MERKATO

MEGENAGNA
KERANIYO

MERI -LUKE

The environmental study should
indicate the following spatial
components:

LIDETA

AYER TENA
YEKABOLE
BISRATE
GEBRIEL
REPI

The future forestry and green
development area ;

BOLEAIRPORT

WOCHECHA

Major landfill and treatment
plant areas( the presence of
treatment plant depends on the
level of urban center)

LAFTO
AKAKI

KOTARI
DERTU
GELAN GURA

¬ Ã ¬ >ü
Z

LEBU

GELAN DERO

To Weliso

KERSA
TULUMETI
KALITI
KOYE

FURI

YERE
SALEHU

AKAKI

TULUDEMITU

¬ Ã ÃoO Á|

To Debre Zeit

VIII

To Debre Berhan

GULELE

Proposals of Of Structure Plan (cont…)
Phase 8. Preparation the A Framework Plan cont’d…

IYO

WINGATE

Spatial Output format for
Social Service study
The social service study should
indicate the following spatial
components:

MERKATO

MEGENAGNA
LIDETA

ENA

The future social service
development area-the type of
MERI -LUKE
social service varies depending
on the level of urban center,
however the following
components should be indicated
YEKA plan:
on the spatial BOLE
Education facilities;

BISRATE
GEBRIEL

Health facilities;
BOLE
AIRPORT

Public Cemetry
Major recreational areas.

KOTARI

IX

Phase 8. Preparation Of A Framework Plan cont’d…
3. Expansion
area

1. Upgrading
area
2. Renewal
area
1-3 LDP areas

Phase 8. Preparation of a Framework Plan cont’d…





Inputs on existing and future requirements of services (physical,
economical, social, municipal services)
Structure Plan (Proposed Land Uses & Road Network Plan)
A consolidated report on the result of proposal phase



The project/ planning team







Have all key proposals been made?
Are all proposals in line with the priority issues, the vision, goals and
objectives?
Are the proposals realistic?
Is the structure plan complete?



Phase 9- Plan Approval

Continuous process
process

Purpose
•
•

•

To evaluate the proposals
To publicize the basic plan process and its readiness for
implementation
To give plans a legal framework.

 Task 1. Organize stakeholders participation
 Task 2. Undertake appraisal
 Task 3. Undertake structure plan approval




Activity 1: Prepare the documents for Approval,
Activity 2. Plan approval,
Activity 3. Handover the Approved Structure Plan for
Implementation

Major Deliverables






Summary of appraisal document, Comments to be
incorporated
Legal notice for Approval
Approved documentation of the plans ( Legally enforcing
graphic and text plan documents)

Time Requirement in days for Preparation of Structure Plan

Phase 10- Implementation, monitoring & Evaluation
Purpose
 To translate plans into visible products on the ground
• To check if proposals, principles, norms & standards, and
regulations are working appropriately;
• To identify the problems and Impacts of the plan
• To design corrective measures to be taken for promoting the plan
implementation
 Task 1. Undertake preparatory works
 Activity 1. Conduct Training
 Activity 2. Setup appropriate implementation institutions
 Task 2. Start implementation work
 Activity 1. Prepare LDP, Projects and urban design projects
 Activity 2. Avail & refer relevant Regulations, norms & standards

Deliverables
 Trained staff
 Implementation plans, regulations, action plans, etc.
 Finalized infrastructures, other structures and services.

 Task1 . Monitoring
 Activity 1: Conduct Monitoring
 Activity .2: Updating
 Activity.3: Amendment/Revision
 Task 2. Evaluation
 Activity 1: Evaluation

 Monitoring and Evaluation
 Formats for Monitoring and Evaluation
 Monitoring and evaluation reports
 Updated structure plan


Implementation
 Municipality/ city council or town administration and plan preparing

body:- conduct training
 Municipality/ city council or town administration:- Setup
appropriate implementation institution
 The established implementing institution or department:- prepare
LDP and projects for implementation and implementation work



Monitoring and Evaluation



 Plan implementing department and city council (Internal): Urban planning regulatory body at regional/ federal level

(External):-

Annex I- Norms and Standards
 Streets
 Terminals
 Open Spaces

 Density Standards
 Standards for Health Services
 Standards for education services
 Standards for Manufacturing Activities
 Standards for warehouses
 Standards for slaughterhouses
 Main market services and structures standard

 Solid waste container provision standard

Annex II: Data collection & Analysis Formats












General Urban Data
Educational facilities
Health facilities
Cultural and recreational facilities
Infrastructure, utilities and transportation
Open spaces and environmental services
Population
Household Characteristics
Municipal Revenue, Budget and expenditure
Institutional Data
Urban management, governance legal and regulatory
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PREPARETION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF STRUCTURAL PLAN

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PREPARETION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF STRUCTURAL PLAN