Le Corbusier was a pioneering Swiss-French architect and urban planner. The document provides details on some of Le Corbusier's key architectural ideologies and designs including the Pilotis, Roof Garden, Free Floor Plan, Elongated Windows, and Free Facade. It summarizes several of Le Corbusier's landmark buildings such as the Villa Savoye, Unite d'Habitation, Notre-Dame-du-Haut Chapel, and the Mill Owners' Association Building, highlighting his signature design elements and approaches to addressing function and climate.

1. LE CORBUSIER

2. INTRODUCTION
•Charles Edouard Jeanneret is popularly known as
Le Corbusier.
•Corbusier was born on 6th
October 1887 at La
Chaux De Fonds in Swissjura Mountains Kms
from French Border.
•He started working under Contractor Perret.
•He as a child prepared himself for a manual
occupation.
•He left his school at the age of 13½ yrs and joined
an art school later.

3. IDEOLOGY
 THE PILOTIS
 ROOF GARDEN
 FREE FLOOR PLAN
 ELONGATED WINDOW
 FREE FACADE

4. THE PILOTIS
 Pilotis means Columns
 It helped to redefine the house as a matter
of form and function
 Reinforced concrete gave us the Pilotis
 It raised the building in the air, far from the
soil, with gardens stretching beneath the
building
 For e.g Villa Savoye,Poissy in France in
1929
 Pilotis usually served as an element of
dramatization and visual isolation PILOTIS

5. THE ROOF GARDEN
 Usually known as Hanging Garden
 First realization of this idea was in the
small house that the Architect built for
his parents on Lake Geneva in 1923 is
described in a hymnal tone
 Reinforced concrete made the
structurally homogenous roof possible
 Reason of Technique, Economy and
Comfort lead to the adoption of the
Roof Terrace and the Roof Garden
 The Roof Garden often equipped for
Sports, emulates the ‘condition of
nature’ in Human Habitat
ROOF GARDEN

6. THE FLOOR PLAN
 Reinforced concrete brought the innovation of the free plan in
which the interiors were no longer the rigidly determined by the
Structural Walls , they had become free.
 In Paris, the Principle had been beautifully demonstrated by
Perret’s Apartment House .
 Le Corbuiser suggested a complete independence of structural
support Architectural “Infill”
 He used sliding walls that divided the living room into three
bedrooms at night.

7. THE ELONGATED WINDOW
 Le Corbusier’s obsession with the
form of the facade long windows
that is totally independency of
structure
 Its no surprise that the Architect
once again produced a scientific
demonstration in order to prove the
superiority of the new window type.
 For example , on an intimate scale
on the upper floor of the Villa
Vaucresson and in the Jeanneret
House on lake Geneva
ELONGATED WINDOW

8. THE FREE FACADE
 Pillars retreated from the facade to the inside of the house i.e
the Facade became no more than Light Membrane.
 Consist of Isolating Walls or Windows.
 Facade was now free and the windows could extend without
interruption from one end to the other.
The Real Motivation for it was Le Corbusier’s urge
to bring his Olympian Statements to the number
Five

9. THE MODULAR
 The Modular was a system of
Proportioning worked out by
Le Corbusier essentially the
Modular is a series of proportions
not unlike the golden section used by
Ancient Greeks..
Based on the Measurements of a Six-
Foot Man in various positions,
Standing , Sitting, Lying down etc.
Two series of
measurements were
developed,
the One derived from a Standing Figure, the Other from a Figure
with an Arm Upraised.

10.  The Modular was both a Module of Measurement and of
Scale ;in Addition it provides a means of relating
measurements in Feetand Inches to those of the Metric
System.
 ‘The Modular’ , Le Corbusier wrote, is a Measuring Tool based
on the Human Body and on Mathematics. A Man with an Arm
Upraised provides, at the determining points of his Occupation
of Space- Foot, Solar Plexus, Head, Tips of fingers of the
upraised Arm- Three Intervals which give rise to a series of
Golden Sections called the Fibnacci Series.

11. THE TYPICAL SPATIAL POSITIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY

12. VILLA SAVOYE, POISSY,FRANCE
1931

13. VILLA SAVOYE,POISSY- FRANCE
1929-31
 Villa Savoye is related to the whole range of Le Corbusier’s
Architecture and Urban Planning
 It is situated on smoothly sloping hill top in midst of fields
 It illustrates with extreme clarity and is perhaps the most faithful in
its observation of hi five points i.e Pilotis, Roof Garden, Free Floor
Plan , Elongated Window, and Free Façade
 Palladian Grid is followed
 Golden Propotions are Analysed
 Columns of the Buildings are defined by a system of walls
independent of Structure
 Entry to the property is through a gate at one end of High Stone
Wall

14. PLANS

15. Turning Radius of the Car Forming
Semi-Circular Reception Hall
View from Inside View from Outside

16.  There is small gate keeper’s lodge at the entrance.
 The main portion of the house is raised on the columns which
are set on grass plane.
 Second level with open garden terrace, as the extention of the
main rooms of the house is lifted upon columns.
 Living area opens on the south to the garden through large
floor to ceiling sliding glass doors.
 Ground floor is a perfect square and is defined as zone of
motion.
 The Minimum turning Radius of an Automobile determined the
radius of the Semi Circular ground floor that contains an
elegant reception hall, garage and the servant quarters.

17. ROOF GARDEN
About 1/3rd of the
Space is occupied by
the Roof Terrace
Second level with
Roof Garden
Living Area

18.  From the Hall a Two Stage Ramp lead up into the living area
 Rooms are arranged in l-Shaped
 About 1/3rd
of the surface area is occupied by an open terrace
enclosed by the Wall of the House
 Corner to Corner Slits of the Elongated Windows offered a view
of the Distants Landscape
 The most striking feature of the villa is ramp which lead a
simple Walk on the Terrace

19. Ramp towards Terrace
Living Room opening towards
Terrace (Interiors)
Elongated Windows

20. 1930-32,SWISS STUDENTS HOSTEL,
7 BOULEVARD JOURDAN,CITE
UNIVERSITAIRE,PARIS 13E

21. 1930-32,SWISS STUDENTS HOSTEL,
7 BOULEVARD JOURDAN,CITE
UNIVERSITAIRE,PARIS 13E
 Le Corbusier encountered many
difficulties in working with the
committee as a client, hence this
accounted for many of the odd
features of this building..
 It marks a new phase in his work.
 There were difficulties in finding firm
soil for the foundation.
 Pilotis of reinforced concrete were
used,was left bare with shuttering
marks displayed.
 The super-structure was of steel.
 The curved wall of the common
room was of random rubble.

22. 1955 Mrs. MANORAMA SARABHAI’S
HOUSE, AHMEDABAD, INDIA

23. 1955 Mrs MANORAMA SARABHAI’S
HOUSE, AHMEDABAD, INDIA
 The house was sited and
designed to catch the winds
in summer, but to be
penetrated by the sun in
winter.
 The structure, rough brick
walls coated with white,
supporting concrete beams
and, consisting of vaults.
 Cradle vaults of flat tiles set
in plaster without formwork
coupled with a row of bricks
cast roughly in cement.

24. PLAN OF SARABHAI’S HOUSE

25. PLAN OF FIRST FLOOR

26. 1956 SHODHAN HOUSE,
AHMEDABAD,INDIA

27. 1956 SHODHAN HOUSE,
AHMEDABAD,INDIA
 The simple structure is of exposed
reinforced concrete.
 The Shuttering for the walls and
vertical surfaces being of timber, that
for the ceilings of metal sheeting.
 The Ceilings and a few other selected
areas were to have been brightly
painted.
 A Charateristic element is the ramp
which leads to the mezzanine and to
the main level.
 The Accomodation are disposed in the
space of a ‘hanging garden’ on several
levels constituting 3 apartments,
separate and yet in contact with one

28. PLAN OF SHODHAN HOUSE

29. SOUTH EAST ELEVATION

30. UNITE D’ HABITATION

31. UNITE D’ HABITATION
 It was the time when Europe was rising from the smouldering funeral
pyre of and its newly liberated people were to establish some
programme direction of new life
 Le Corbusier had a revolutionary event, sun, space and greenery
was developed here.
 To understand the change of mind of the people around
 It was Le Corbusier’s best contribution to a modern typology of social
housing
 The Building is situated on 9 acre site on the outskirts of marseille
 It has an east west orientation
 It is 450’ long, 80’ wide amd 185’ high
 It follows the theoretical principles of Le Corbusier’s logic of
construction
 4 lifts each with a capacity of 20 travelling with a speed at 40 ft per
second.

32.  It has skeleton of reinforced concrete and rest on powerful pillars
which leaves the ground free
 All piping passes through these Pillars (Pilotis)
 All apartments are built in two levels
 The northern Façade is blank, while the other facades are animated
with glass walls and sunbreak loggias of living area
 The plan is not completely free ; the partition walls between the
apartments are load bearing
 Strong sound proofing between apartments
 It is 9 Storeys high
 They are divided into twenty three different types of apartments
 337 Apartments in all
 Recreational rooms are on the roof

34. HUGE PILOTIS
LEAVING THE
GROUND FREE CONCRETE AS NOBLE MATERIAL
DOUBLE HEIGHT LIVING ROOM WITH
GLASS WALL
GLASS WALL OF 12’ X 16’
DOUBLE HEIGHT
BALCONIES TOO

35.  The Living Room has double height of 16’ and glass wall of 12’
x 16’
 Other Rooms are 8’ high
 The Terrace roof has been provided with number of facilities for
collective use : day nursery, kindergarten, gymnasium for
adults , open air theatre and three hundred meter race track
 Concrete is used as noble material
 Few disadvantages of this building are as follow:
 The forest of Pilotis on the ground floor is simply lugubrious
 The individual cells are too narrow
 Shopping street is too large compared to the size of building
 He implemented most of his radical ideas
 It had a rough concrete finish to the complex

36. ROOF NURSERY
COLOURFUL
WALLS IN
BALCONIES
NARROW ROOMS
( 8’ HIGH ROOMS)
OPEN TERRACE

37. NOTRE- DAM-DU-HAUT

38. RONCHAMP
 Notre-Dam-Du-Haut is situated on Southern foothills of the Vosages
 Le Corbusier tackled the problem first of all as a matter of “pure” space
 In this context, Le Corbusier himself spoke of landscape acoustics thus
creating an echo in the hall
 The form he finally came up with equal justice to the practical purpose
of sanctuary and the evocative challenge of the land
 It is covered with mushroom shaped roof
 Following the shape of hill , the nave of the church is inclined towards
east
 The roof is independent of walls
 A thin strip of daylight is revealed between the chapel walls and the
roof
 It creates a strong tension between the indoors and out doors

39. • The main hall has a capacity of 200
people
• It was this chapel that he first
formulated the idea architecturally
in the form of periscope light shafts
capturing the sunlight and spilling it
over the altars of the three sided
chapel
• He played with mass and void on
the exteriors of the walls
MASS VOID APPEARANCE

40. INTERIOR OF THE CHAPEL
IRREGULAR VOIDS

41. 1954 MILLOWNERS’ ASSOCIATION,
AHMEDABAD, INDIA

42. 1954 MILLOWNERS’ ASSOCIATION,
AHMEDABAD, INDIA
 Is the headquarters of one of the most prominent of Indian Cotton
Mill Owners’ Associations.
 The Building was required to be both an administrative center and
a meeting and a ceremonial center.
 It servers as a sort of club, the social ritual of its members is
strongly expressed in its design.
 Climate control was taken in consideraton and there was
expression of materials.
 The east and west facades, of rough-shuttered exposed concrete
are made up of sun-breakers, carefully designed to shield the
interior.
 The north and south sides, almost unbroken are of rough
brickwork.

43. VIEW FROM 3RD
FLOOR LEVEL LOOKING EAST OVER THE RIVER
SUN BREAKERS

44.  The Interior arrangements take
full advantage of prevailing
winds.
 The Roof is used together with
bar for evening entertainment.
 The Assembly hall is
constructed of double thin brick
walls panelled in wood.
 Either random or concrete
seating 2 vertical tapestries are
suspended from the ceiling for
acoustical purposes.
 The Hall is indirectly lighted by
reflections from the curved
ceiling, which in turn is kept
cool by 2 gardens and a water
basin on the roof.

45.  Circulation from the lowest level to the roof 2 elevators serve all
the floors.
 A long ramp provides pedestrian access from the main office to the
parking lot.
 The flooring is of Delhi stone and also serves as a Stone Tapestry.

46. 1954-57 MUSEUM, AHMEDABAD,INDIA

47. 1954-57 MUSEUM, AHMEDABAD,INDIA
 The Museum is on Pilotis through which the building
is entered into an open court from which a ramp,
similarly opened to the sky, leads to the exhibition
levels.
 One enters the main level in a nave of spiral
squares 14 meters wide, consisting of 7*7m structural
bays.
 Precautions are taken against the excessive
temperature of the day.
 Roof consists of 45 basins of 50 sq m each , all filled
with water to a depth of 40cm. this water is
protected from the torrid sun by the shade of thick
vegetation. The water of these basins is nourished by
a special powder which includes enormous growth,
far beyond normal plant size.

48.  The Space for electrical installation
extends under the entire surface of
the ceiling which is placed in
shadow, against the effect of the
sun.
 The Illumination has become an
integral part of the museum’s
impression on the visitor .
 The Building has low ht. Pilotis , the
top of which are 3.40m above
ground level, with a free passage
between Pilotis of 2.5m.
 The Interior surfaces of the exterior
walls will be of white plaster while
the interior face of the walls around
the court remains in unsurfaced
brick.

49.  The Museum is not limited in
respect to growth, and therefore the
50*50m sides (2500sq m) can be
extended to 84*84m(7000sq m) by
the means of standard elements .

50. GROUND FLOOR
PLAN

51. FIRST FLOOR PLAN

52. SECTION THROUGH EXHIBITION
HALL

53. 1929-SALVATION ARMY REFUGE IN
PARIS

54. PLANS
1.Ground-Floor Plan,
Reception Hall and
Dining Rooms.
2.Typical Floor Plans,
Dormitories, Day
Nurseries and
Washrooms.
3.Plan at Upper Level,
with individual cubicles for
Mothers and Children.

55. SALVATION ARMY REFUGE IN PARIS
 The Refuge was undertaken
by the salvation in 1929.
 It is one of the first of Le
Corbusier’s buildings.
 It was the first Building for
Human Habitation entirely
sealed comprising 10,000
Sq.Feet of fenestration
without opening sections.
 The Ventilation was
achieved by means of
forced air. This forced air
installation was effected on
a very small budget.
However,temperature could
not be controlled.

56.  It consists of a frame of
concrete columns and slabs
with hollow Terra-Cotta wall
and floor units.
 The Construction is of
reinforced concrete.
 The columns rest on
reinforced concrete piles
driven to a depth of 36-45
feet.
 The subsurface was
instable, being subject to the
underground waters of the
Seine.

57. PAINTING

58. PAINTING

59. C
H
A
N
D
I
G
A
R
H

60. INTRODUCTION
 Since Punjab was divided into two parts, the capital was left in
Pakistan therefore Punjab in India required new capital
 Le Corbusier was approached by Punjab Government and the
Prime Minister of India
 Chandigarh is a bold experiment in modern civil design
 Chandigarh has provoked fresh thinking and in fact shown new
way of life
 Maxwell Fry, Jane Drew and Pierre Jeanneret were also
involved in the team of Architects
 When Le Corbusier assumed control of the Chandigarh project
in 1951, however the design of the city had already been
devised by the New York firm of Mayer, Whittlesey, and Glass
who received a contract for the master plan of Chandigarh in
1950

61. ALBERT MAYER THE MASTER PLAN
 Mayer was the first one to get the Chandigarh Project
 Matthew Nowicki was invited to join the staff assembled to plan
Chandigarh. His duties were to take the form of architectural control.
 Mayer stated that he was trying to create something ”That really applies
to what we have talked about much but which has been at best done in
a limited way in Radbubn,the Greenbelt towns and Baldwin hills.
 The basic aim stated Mayer,was a beautiful city.
 The master plan which Albert Mayer produced for Chandigarh assumes
a fan-shaped outline, spreading gently to fill the file the site between
the two river beds.
 The Provincial Govt. Buildings are located the upper edge of the city within a
fork in one of the rivers, while the central business district occupies an area
near the center.a curving network of main roads surrounds the residential
superblocks,each of which contains a Central Area of Parkland.

63.  Two larger parks may be seen stretching through the city.
 The flatness of the site allowed almost complete freedom in creating
street layout and it is of interest to note hat the overall pattern
deliberately avoids a geometric grid in favour of a loosely curving
system.
 The death of Nowicki necessitated the selection of a new architect for
Chandigarh.
 It was the minister of planning who suggested Le-Corbuiser and who
also recommended the inclusion of Pierre Jeanneret whom he termed
a’’ good detail man.’’
 The provincial govt. buildings are located the upper edge of the
city within a fork in one of the rivers, while the central business district occupies
an area near the center. A curving network of main roads surrounds the
Residential Superblocks each of which contains a central area of Parkland.

64. MASTER PLAN
 In 1951 it was given to Le Corbusier
 In Chandigarh Le Corbusier system of self supporting
neighborhood unit known as a sector has worked very well
 Sector which is introverted in character communicates only at 4
junctions with the adjoining Neighbourhood units
 All the houses open up inside
 Grid planning is done
 Chandigarh planning was done in an manner that everything
was easily clear about the routes and sectors
 7 v’s road system is used
 The roads are classified as v1 ,v2 ,v3………v7
 V1 connects Chandigarh to other cities

65. PLAN OF THE CITY

66.  V2 are the major avenues of the city e.g Madhya Marg etc
 V3 are the corridors streets for vehicular traffic only
 V4…..V7 are the roads within the sectors
 Chandigarh has been planned on the scientific principles and to
apprise the coming generation of these principles
 The main feature of this edict are its-
 Human scale
 Self sufficient sectors
 Roads system
 Areas of special interest
 Architectural control

67. THREE DISCIPLINES
 The Discipline of Money
 Le Corbuiser once remarked that “India has the treasures of a
proud Culture,but her coffers are empty.” and throughout the
project the desire for grandness was hampered by the need for
strict economy.
 In working up his designs, Le Corbuiser consulted the program
for each building as given in the budget and then prepared the
initial project.
 The Discipline of Technology
 Available in quantity, however,was good clay stone and
sand,and,above all human labour.
 The Materials of which Chandigarh has been constructed are
rough concrete in the capitol complex and the central business
district and for most of the city, especially in housing, locally
produced brick.

68.  The Discipline of Climate
 Besides the Administrative and Financial Regulations there
was a law of the sun in India.
 The Architectural problem consists; first to make shade, second
to make a current of air[to ventilate],third to control hydraulics.

69. THE SECTOR
 Taking Chandigarh as an Example,we may see at once the
democratic idea which allows us to devote an equal care to
housing all classes of society to sek new social groupings, new
patterns of education and public welfare and made more
possible by practical application of the scientific idea which
through Industrialism, gives us such benefits as piped Water,
Elecricity and Cheap Transport.
 Each Sector is designated by Number,the Capital complex
being number 1,with the remaining sectors numbered
consecutively beginning at the north corner of the city.
 At present there are 30 sectors in Chandigarh,of which 24 are
Residential.
 The sectors at the upper edge of the city are of abbreviated
size.

70.  In all type of housing ,partly because of the glazing expense,
partly to keep out sun.
 As the most economical and readily available material for
building at Chandigarh was locally made brick.
 This became the material of construction.
 The flat roof was employed through out in Chandigarh housing
because of its usefulness as a sleeping area
 70% of the building would be private in all the sectors.
 Residential plots ranging in dimensions from 75 sq. yards to
5000 sq yards.

71.  This is because the capitol complex is contained within the
boundaries of sector 3 extented to its full dimensions.
 Government Housing
 Le-Corbuiser was responsible for the general outlines of the
master plan and the creation of the monumental
Buildlings,while Pierre Jeanneret, Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew
were charged with the task of developing the neighbourhood
sectors with their schools, shopping bazaars and the tracts of
government housing.
 In the program presented to the architects,13 categories of
houses were specified,each corresponding to a level of
government employment.
 Small windows openings have been consistently employed

72. THE CAPITOL COMPLEX
 The area of the greatest symbolic significance in Chandigarh
was the capitol complex , which in its final form was based on
the design of a great cross axis
 The most important group of the buildings constituting the
Capitol-Right, the Parliament, left in the background, the
Secretariat
 In the foreground, the pool of the palace of justice
 The artificial hills in the front of the secretariat have not been
created and laid out in accordance with Corbusier;s
conceptions
 Although the scene is Harmonius in effect, there are still
missing the buildings that belong here ,such as , for instance,
the towers of shadows

73. SITE PLAN
SECRETARIAT
ASSEMBLY
HIGH COURT
GOVERNOR,S PALACE
OPEN HAND

74.  Here the Secretariat building is treated as a horizontal platform
like the plain of Chandigarh itself,carrying on its roof the
provincial assembly hall rising in a parabolic arch, a form
echoing the distant hills
 As a response to the sun, the capitol complex can be
interperated as an interlaced array of sun breakers
 Inspiration from l,Unite
 It lies in the foot of Shivalik hills just next to artificial lake
 Governor,s palace was supposed to be in the site but the idea
was abandoned
 The Capitol area was designed as the great pedistrian plaza
with motor traffic separated into sunken trenches leading to
parking areas
 Although the site is very big,it is not designed with allowence
for expansion

75. THE SECRETARIAT,1958

76. THE SECRETARIAT
 The first design for the secretariat presents the building as a tall
thin slab carrying a surface brise soleil divided by a central
horizontal band
 The design which was accepted established the building forn
as a long ,horizontal concrete slab
 The Secretariat, the longest building in Chandigarh, 254m
long,and 42m highforms the Adminstrative Center,with
ministeral offices grouped in the center and offices for
employees arranged on either side
 The building was completed in 1958
 The building is composed of six eight storey blocks separeted
by expansion joints
 The central pavilion, block 4, contains the offices of the

77. FREE FACADE
RAMP ENCLOCURE
ROUGH CONCRETE
FINISH
SQUARE WINDOWS
PROJECTED PORTICOS
SMALL ENTRANCE
BIG ENTRANCE

78.  The Rough Concrete again interposes in the fenestration of the
two main facades ; more than 2000 units of unique design
 Appraoch to the building is through roadways below ground
level to a large parking area in front of the central block, and a
floor is left open at this level to form an entrance hall
 Block 1 and 2 rises directly from the ground
 Block 3,4 and part of 5 face on the excavated area of the
parking lot and have the lower storey open between Pilotis
 For the rest part of block 5 and whole of 6 the level goes till
plaza height, and lower portion of these blocks are left open to
a height of two Storyes
 The top of the building is developed as a roof garden
containing the service blocks and cafeteria for employees

80.  The Plastic emphasis is given
to the building by free standing
exterior ramps enclosed in
rough concrete walls
 For supplementary
communication within the
building , each of six blocks is
equipped with interior stairways
and limited elevator service
 Horizontal circulation is by
means of a central corridors
 For minister’s block the bay size
is increased and the column is
thickened
HT OF 2
STOREYS
LEFT OPEN
COLUMNS SUPPORTING
1 ½ BLOCK

81. THE HIGH COURT

82. THE HIGH COURT,
 THE HIGH COURT FORMED A PART AS “ A GRAT ARCHITECTURAL
VENTURE USING VERY POOR MATERIALS AND A LABOUR FORCEQUITE
UNUSED TO MODERN BUILDING TECHNIQUES
 AN ENTIRE STUCTURE HAS RESULTED IN THE USE OF DOUBLE ROOF
 THE UPPER ROOF CANTILEVERED OUT OF THE OFFICE BLOCK IN THE
MANNER OF PARASOL SHADING THE LOWER ROOF
 THE SPACE BETWEEN THE TWO ROOFS IS LEFT OPEN TO ENABLE
CURRENTS OF AIR TO MOVE BETWEEN THE FLAT ROOF OF THE OFFICE
BLOCK AND THE UNDERSIDE OF THE PARASOL ROOF WHICH SLOPES
TOWARDS CENTER IN THE FORM OF ROWS OF ARCHES
 IN THE PLAN THE BUILDING TOOK THE FORM OF ABBREVIATED L –
SHAPED WITH LONG FAÇADE FACING THE CAPITOL PLAZA TO CONTAIN
COURT ROOMS
 THE BUILDING IS A RECTILINEAR FRAME WITHIN WHICH THE INTERIOR
FUNCTIONS ARE DEFINED

83.  THE EIGHT COURT ROOMS ARE IDENTICALLY EXPRESSED ON THE
MAIN FAÇADE AND SEPARETED FROM THE LARGER HIGH COURT BY A
MONUMENTAL COLUMNED ENTRANCE RISING THE HEIGHT OF THE
BUILDING
 BUILDING RISES DIRECTLY FROM THE EARTH
 THE MAIN FAÇADE IS DEFINED BY A FULL HEIGHT CONCRETE BRISE
SOLEIL
 THE ARCH FORM IS RESTRICTED TO THE UNDERSIDE OF THE
PARASOL ROOF
 IT IS THE VISUAL DRAMA OF THE PIERS RISING SIXTY FEET FROM THE
GROUND TO MEET THE HEAVY OUTWARD THRUST OF THE ROOF
WHICH CREATES THE FOCAL EMPHASIS OF THE PRESENT PLAN
 ON THE MAIN FAÇADE THE DEEP FIXED CONCRETE BRISE SOLEIL
GIVES A STRONG AND SCALELESS PATTERN TO THE BUILDING
 IT IS THE CONCRETE SCREEN WHICH GIVES THE MAIN FAÇADE ITS
OVER ALL UNITY

84.  BEHIND THE BRISE SOLEIL , THE WINDOWS OF THE COURT ROOMS
ARE OF FIXED GLASS, BUT BETWEEN ARE NARROW VERTICAL SPACES
CONTAINING SHUTTERS WHICH OPEN AND CLOSE ON HINGES
 IT IS NOTED THAT THE ORIENTATION OF THE HIGH COURT IS SUCH
THAT THE MAIN FAÇADE FACES NORTH WEST , AND THIS DOES NOT
RECEIVE DIRECT SUNLIGHT
 THE ROUGH CONCRETE OF THE BUILDING IS TREATED IN VARIETY OF
MANNERS FOR MUCH OF THE SURFACE INCLUDING THE UNDERSIDE
OF THE PARASOL ROOF AND THE EXTERIOR SIDE WALLS , THE MASS
OF SHEET METAL CHARACTERIZE THE SURFACE
 IN PORTIONS OF THE INTERIOR AND ON THE RAMPS , WOODEN
BOARDS HAVE BEEN INSERTED WITH IN THE METAL FORMS TO GIVE
THE CONCRETE SURFACE THE IMPRESS OF THEIR JOINTED PATTERN,
WHILE OTHER SURFACES, INCLUDING THOSE OF MASSIVE ENTRANCE
PIERS ARE FINISHED WITH GUNNITE CEMENT

85. COLOURED MASSIVE PILLARS
PARASOL ROOF
FORMING ARCHES
DOUBLE ROOF
GAP LEFT BETWEEN
TWO ROOFS
FULL HT ENTRANCE
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES

86. REAR VIEW
ROUGH CONCRETE FINISHED RAMP
DOUBLE ROOF
APPROACHED THROUGH ROADS

87.  The Entrance Lobby is paved with whitish flag stone set in the
rows of varying widths
 New scheme for painting the columns and portico walls in
bright contrasting colours
 The inside wall to the left of the piers was to be black
 The adjacent pillar painted green
 The center pier would be yellow
 The right hand pillar is red
 And the remaining portico wall is primary blue
 The great entrance hall of the high court is also been found in
lacking protection during the monsoon season
 The narrow curving ramp at the end of the entrance hall, which
forms the main vertical circulation is exposed
 The horizontal circulation, consisting of poen corridors on the
rear facade ,is also ineffectively sheltered

88. THE ASSEMBLY HALL

89. THE ASSEMBLY HALL
 The Assembly was conceived as a rectilinear structure
 It is square in plan with a monumental portico facing the main plaza
 On the lateral facades both the portico and the office block would be
defined by solid end walls
 The large chamber is in hyperbolic form of the cooling tower with an
average thickness of 15 cms
 The small council chamber are in rectilinear frame
 The upper portion of the tower is extending above the roof line
 An assembly chamber is 128 ft in diameter at its base and rises to 124
ft at its highest point
 This tower was designed to insure the natural light, ventilation and
proper acoustics

90.  Of all buildings of the capitol
complex , the assembly is
the most intricate in plan
 Separate circulation
accommodation of all
groups is provided
 Employing a system of
individual entrances,
stairways, lifts and ramp a
complete segregation of
members is provided
 There are two separate
galleries for men and
women in council chamber
INTERIOR
VIEW OF A
CHAMBER
MUSHROOM
COLUMN
SUPPORTING
ROOF

92. SECTOR-17,CHANDIGARH
 The City Center consists of
different squares tied together
by broad avenues.
 At the present time,when this
center is still devoid of any sort
of Vegetation,the Unshaded
open areas can be quite
unpleasant.
 This sector-17 is virtually
Uninhabited,but it is enlivened
during the daytime by the many
shops,bazars,
restaurant,cafes,banks and
department stores.

93.  There is doubt that at present
the city center still looks like an
experiment .
 The Urban circulation here is in
sharp contrast to the ‘oriental’
bazaar Streets,the narrow
alleys full of noise and plunged
in shadow .
 Of all the cities of India , only
Chandigarh can claim to be an
absolutely modern town ,
”untouched by the tradition of
the past,” as Jawaharlal Nehru
so aptly remarked .

94.  The Execution of the buildings for the city centre was assigned
to different architects. Pierre Jeanneret conscientiously
supervised and organized the schemes determined by Le
Corbusier.

95. SUKHNA LAKE, CHANDIGARH
 The Club House- North of
the Capitol no additional
structures were to be
erected,in order not to
impede the view of the
Himalaya.
 This was an express
condition laid down by Le
Corbusier.
 The Club House was
however necessity.
 Le Corbusier designed a
complex lying 3meters
beneath road level,so that
the house is scarsely visible
from the promenade.

96.  The causeway- Chandigarh
is surrounded by the rivers
Patiali and Manimajra, which
carry water only during the
monsoon season.
 The reinforced concrete
construction is simple and
plain, and its severe lines
harmonize entirely with the
natural setting.
 At all other times of the year
they are dry.

97.  During the hot months of May and June, enormous amounts of
dust used to blow into the city.
 Trees and Shrubs were planted as a protective zone along
these rivers, so that the city is now free of the inconvenience of
this flying sand.
 One of these rivers has been dammed.
 In 1955 the water boulevard was extended in the shape of a
causeway, or dam, the retaining wall being more than

98.  20 meters high and 4
kilometers long.
 This Dam,with its width on
top of 24meters, thus
yielded a Promenade.
 The Artificial lake created
behind the dam has
modified the climate of the
city.