Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
Teleconsultation
1. GROUP MEMBERS
MUHAMMAD IQBAL B.AHMAD ZAMAN HURI DE110040
NOR FARAHIN BT DOL RISEP DE110086
NOR NABILA HUDA BT MD ZAKARIA DE110094
WAN NUR SHAMIRA BT WAN SEMAN DE110110
NOR HIRMAYANTI BT MOHD DAUD DE110123
ARIFAH BT ADNAN DE110123
2.
3. What is Teleconsultation?
❏ It is the one of electronic communications to provide medical
expertise or treatment to areas where the expertise is not
readily available.
❏ There are two type of teleconsultation:
❖ In real-time (synchronous)
❖ Delayed (asynchronous or store and forward).
4. In real time (Synchronous)
❏ Real time teleconsultation uses advanced telecommunication
technology to exchange information and involves the use of
audiovisual technology allowing individuals to communicate
live (or synchronously) over a video conference link.
❏ Real time services require, at a minimum, video cameras, a
sound system, computer displays, and a secure high speed
internet connection to transmit data between sites
5. In real time (Synchronous)
❏ Real time teleconsultation encompasses computer
technologies using narrow and high bandwidths for specific
types of transmission, full motion video, broadcast video,
compressed video and virtual reality.
❏ Real-time services rely on the availability of dedicated video
conferencing facilities, which generally are restricted to
institutions.
6. Example of Real-Time Interaction: TelePsychiatry
❏ A patient is in the video conferencing room of a rural
community telehealth site.
❏ At the same time the patient’s psychiatrist is in the video
conferencing room at the specialist centre for psychiatry.
❏ Live interactive consultation takes place between the patient
and the psychiatrist.
7. Delay (Asynchronous )
❏ Technology can be any device capable of capturing a digital
sample, storing it, downloading it, and transmitting it to a
remote site. Equipment used includes computers and laptops,
computer files, scanners, digital cameras, iPods, audio files,
or text files of a patient’s medical history. The internet
provides the ability to transmit large files securely, quickly,
and inexpensively to almost any location.
8. ❏ Asynchronous teleconsultation has led to shorter wait times,
fewer unnecessary referrals, higher levels of patient care, and
patient and provider satisfaction in remote areas that lack health
care professionals (Deshpande et al., 2008).
9. Example of Store & Forward Interaction: TeleRadiology
❏ In a rural community telehealth site, a patient’s x-ray is taken,
scanned and captured as an electronic file.
❏ The file, and any accompanying medical notes, is sent
electronically to the physician in the tertiary care telehealth
site.
❏ The radiologist in the tertiary care site opens the file, reviews
the x-ray and notes in order to confirm and/or determine a
diagnosis.
10. ❏ The file and accompanying notes are then returned to the
rural telehealth site.
❏ The patient is informed of diagnosis without having to meet
the radiologist.
While Real Time and Store & Forward can be used separately,
they can also be used in conjunction with one another to
further enhance the care provided
12. REMPAN
❏ Installation and regular use of telemedical consultations via
satellite between Ulm and Chelyabinsk based on multimedia
patient records
❏ Improvement of medical care of persons with health effects after
chronic radiation exposure
❏ Standardisation of diagnostic and therapeutic methods.
14. MMDB
❏ The multimedia medical database(MMDB) has been used for
medical teleconferences.
❏ The MMDB was created to achieve the following purposes:
❏ Preparation and systematization of complete data on
patients
❏ Preview of information by experts on each side before
teleconference
❏ Simultaneous review of information in the MMDB during
videoconferences
❏ Subsequent scientific analysis of clinical data
15. Software and Hardware
❏Software:A multimedia medical database
was developed using the relational database
management system(RDBMS)Oracle 8.0
software package for Window NT 4
operational system.
❏Hardware: Pentium II-266 PC; Pentium-90
Pro PC; Video Controller and an X-ray RSU1 scanner
16.
17. Teleconsultation in Malaysia
❏ It was initiated in 2009 under the auspices of Malaysian Multimedia
Super Corridor Telemedicine Flagship Application and the Ministry
of Health, Malaysia.
❏ A network of nationwide Teleconsultation (TC) was created for the
Disciplines of:
1. Neurosurgery,
2. Radiology,
3. Cardiology
4. Dermatology.
18. Telecardiology
❏ Telecardiology facilitates the remote follow up of patients who carry
a pacemaker. The device sends a flow of information to an internet
server through the GSM network.
❏ This information relates to both the good functioning of the device
and the state of the patient’s heart.
20. Teledermatology
❏ Teledermatology is a subspecialty in the medical field of
dermatology and probably one of the most common applications of
telemedicine and e-health.
❏ In teledermatology, telecommunication technologies are used to
exchange medical information
(concerning skin conditions and tumours
of the skin) over a distance using audio,
visual and data communication.
22. Teleradiology
❏ Teleradiology is the transmission of radiological patient
images, such as x-rays, CTs, and MRIs, from one location to
another for the purposes of sharing studies with other
radiologists and physicians.
26. Strategic For Future
Table 1 :Strategic for future
❏ Upgrading of the Infrastructure
❏ Increasing the connectivity speed
❏ Upgrading the software
❏ Device upgrading
