1. ACCA SMALL PROJECT REPORT
in YOGYAKARTA CITY, INDONESIA
2010-2011
“a community creative process
to unite separated spirit”
ARKOM JOGJA, December 2011

2. CITY CONTEXT
1. Yogyakarta is a capital city of Special Territory (Daerah Istimewa) Yogyakarta province, with a
governor as the Local Area Leader. The governor is also as a king (Sultan) in this territory.
2. More than 40% land in Yogyakarta are in Tanah Kraton status. Tanah Kraton means belongs to
king (Sultan).
3. Poor villages in Yogyakarta city are located in 3 riverbanks area which are Winongo river
(West), Code river (Middle) and Gajah Wong river (East).
4. The status of land where poor community settle/ live is :
a. Land belongs to Kraton Yogyakarta (Sultan Ground), with the principle cannot be traded,
but can be used and can be inherited, with permission of Kraton Yogyakarta.
b. Land belongs to city government of Yogyakarta, called as “Wedhi Kengser” (riverbank
area). As the rule, people cannot live here, but until now there are still some kampongs
in this area.
• Poor People Population (2009): 881,334 people of
444,236 people (18.3%)*
• 80% live in 3 riverbanks area, Sultan grounds area and
government land
• 25% live in some private land and formal kampong * Source: Statistics Center of Yogyakarta City, 2009

3. LOCATIONS of ACCA’s
PROJECT
LEDOK GAJAH WONG Kampong
3
Project: Paving Road and Drainage (135 mtrs length)
Progress : finished
Sorowajan Baru Kampong
Project: Public Toilet
Progress : Starting saving group
(Not yet started)
6
CIPTOMULYO Kampong
Project: Community Center Building (Bamboo) 4 2
Progress : finished
5
Notoyudan RT.77 Kampong
Project: Public Toilet
Progress : problems identification
Notoyudan RT.89 Kampong
Project : Public Toilet
Progress : problems identification
NGENTAK SAPEN Kampong
Project: Drainage
Progress : Starting Saving Group
(not yet started)
1
Number of locations are not final,
we are still in city-wide survey,
community network will be in
decision where is the most priority
projects

4. ABOUT 3 RIVERS IN YOGYAKARTA CITY
Identification process of poor kampongs in Yogyakarta was started in the beginning of 2010. The
identification is based on data from city government of Yogyakarta which mention that 75% of
65,000 poor household live in 45 sub district Yogyakarta city. These sub district are in river banks of:
1.Winongo River (west side of city)
2.Code River (middle side of city)
3.Gajah Wong River (east side of city)
They live in informal land with the status:
1.Sultan Ground (land belongs to kraton)
2.Wedi Kengser without legacy (land belongs to city government of Yogyakarta)
3.Wedi Kengser with legacy/ building permission (land belongs to city government of Yogyakarta)
4.Ngindung (belongs to person, rent for a long term period)
Code River
Since 2000 the city government of Yogyakarta have implemented renovation program for poor
kampongs in riverbank area. The pilot project which implemented by city government are in
kampongs located in Code riverbank (middle side of city) by some programs:
1.Block grant: grant for kampong reconstruction
2.Segoro Amarto (kampong poverty decreasing program of Code riverbank)
3.“Save Jogja for Code” is a program to make Code kampong as a tour destination.
4.Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Perkotaan (PNPM) Mandiri – National Program
for Urban Community Empowerment.
5. Prokasih (Program Kali Bersih – Clean River Program)
6. Reconstruction of dike in Code riverbank
7.Reconstruction of Rusunawa (Hunian Sewa – Rent House with cheap price) twin block 6
floors in riverbank of Code river.

5. This cultural observer who is called Romo Mangun has success built a settlement close with Code
riverbank. Before his action, houses in riverbanks are scattered one another. Maybe Romo Mangun
hope that Code river can be like rivers in Venice, Spain, with a beautiful view. And the result, house
face the river become part of city beautiful view.
Previously, the settlement in those riverbanks never been noticed by them who have authority, even
by city government or architect groups. City government of Yogyakarta also had a plan to condemn
the settlement. The reason is because of bad city view. But, it is different with Romo Mangun. He is
an architect graduated from Aachen, Jerman, and he can see that Code river can be a magnet for a
river tour. The greatest of all, this achiever of SEA Write Award from Thailand through book "Burung-
burung Manyar", give his opinion that community in Code river have right to build a settlement here.
Even not in a smooth way, - city government refused the opinion, but the effort could bring this man,
who was born in Ambarawa, Middle Java, get an award, The Aga Khan Award, in 1992. More than
that, Code river also achieved an award, The Ruth and Ralp Erukine Fellowship (1995), as a prove that
Romo Mangun always give his support to minority person.
Another success story in Code river kampong

6. Winongo and Gajah Wong River
Different with Code river, another 2 rivers in Yogyakarta city, Winongo river and
Gajah Wong river until present still not become the focus of government agenda,
even the city government of Yogyakarta in 2007 has started with some
reconstruction programs in kampongs in riverbank of Winongo river and Gajah
Wong river. There are some:
1.Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (PNPM) Mandiri Perkotaan –
National Program of Urban Community Empowerment, $200,000 for each sub
district per year (credit from World Bank)
2.Block Grant for 3 settlement area through Winongo Asri community, $30,000 per
area per year
3.Reconstruction of dike program in riverbanks, $100,000 per year
4.Reconstruction of community IPAL (Instalasi Pembuangan Air Limbah –
Installation of Waste Water)
5.Kampong Tour Program to Increase the Potency in riverbank, $10,000 per
kampong per year.
6.Reconstruction of rusunawa (hunian sewa – rent house with cheap price) in
riverbanks.
Until now, majority people in this poor settlement in riverbank of Winongo and Gajah Wong river, live
in informal land belongs to Sultan (Sultan ground) and riverbank area. They still have problems:
1.Bad sanitation system
2.There is no drainage installation
3.Unsafe landslide as in a dangerous area.
4.Road in kampong still in an non pavement condition
5.Clean water installation
6.Garbage
City government still doing some reparation in settlement area in riverbank of Winongo and Gajah
Wong river with community-based programs. The term in Indonesia is “Kelompok Swadaya
Masyarakat” (KSM).

7. STARTING SMALL PROJECT (September 2010):
UNITE COMMUNITY SPIRIT
planning
ACCA Small Project is focused for poor kampongs in 2 riverbanks in Yogyakarta, Winongo river and
Gajah Wong river with consideration:
1.Physical condition in informal settlement in these 2 rivers, generally are worse than settlement in
riverbank of Code river.
2.There are too many NGO and government program which were implemented in the settlement in
riverbank of Code river since 2000, but in riverbank of Winongo and Gajah Wong river there are still
have not.
3.Socially, people who live in riverbank of Code river feel apathetic and passive with institution/
other side of community which ask people for rehabilitation. Because there are too many programs
implemented in riverbank of Code river. Without any organizing, program still coming (by contractor
approach)..
4.But the community who live in riverbank of Winongo and Gajah Wong river, they are more active
to find and try a joint working with other side (NGO) which can give facilitation about infrastructure
reconstruction, beside city government of Yogyakarta.
Identification process of kampongs in Winongo and Gajah Wong riverbanks are did in a simple way:
1.Kampongs with less number of community (less than 50 household) and they already have kampong
organization (paguyuban) so the organizing process in community level is not too long and in an easy
way.
2.Kampongs with bad infrastructure condition: Road still in non paving block, no public toilet, bad
drainage installation and status of informal land.

8. STARTING ACCA SMALL PROJECT (September 2010):
UNITE COMMUNITY SPIRIT
implementation
Name of Type of No. of CO-FINANCING to PROJECTS (USD)
Kampongs Project HHs
ACCA Community Government Others Total
Ledok Gajah Paving Road 45 500 722 0 50 1,272
Wong* and Drainage
Cipomulyo* Bamboo 26 3,500 1,000 0 0 4,500
Community (as community
Center revolving fund)
Ngentak Drainage 43 4,000 - - - -
Sapen**
Sorowajan Public Toilet 33 2,000 - - - -
Baru**
Notoyudan Public Toilet 45 2,500 - - - -
RT.77 **
Notoyudan Public Toilet 61 2,500 - - - -
RT89 **
Total 244 15,000 1,722 0 50 5,772***
* Finished
** Not yet Started (pending after city-wide survey finished on December 2011).
***Amount is updated on 1st November 2011

9. LEDOK GAJAH WONG Community
“..by our power to build our road in kampong, we want to show to the government that we
have abilities; energy, money and spirit to work together. For a long time we just received
promises that our road would be built, but the reality is nonsense..”
(Kenthut, 45 years old – Leader of Road Reconstruction Team )
planning process
Mapping process is created with representative of
community who were pointed in community meeting. The
results of mapping are kampong map with location of
houses, wheels and septic tank. There are also some
kampong problems which should be solved together based
on the priority and community ability.
There was a meeting after the mapping process with all
people in community, to discuss about priority project,
how to implement and who conduct the implementation.
Community Mapping

10. LEDOK GAJAH WONG Community
planning process
Technical Planning
There is an agreement with community that the priority project is paving road reconstruction, so the
implementation team with ARKOM JOGJA started to measured the road based on kampong map as the result
of mapping. The result of measurement are 135 meter for the long and 1,2 meter for the wide of road.
The next step is calculated the material needed and surveyed the price of material in material distributors in
3 different location. After calculated the budget, people in community are prepared to collect material which
should not be bought but just collected from river. The material is sand. In 2 weeks, people collected sand
together, and the result is 34 m3 sand (equal with $296).

11. LEDOK GAJAH WONG Community
4 days collected sand from river = 34 m3 by 20 persons
3 days worked together set the paving block = 135 meter by 15 persons
2 day finishing process = 270 meter by 10 persons
Implementation process
Contribution of people in this community:
1.Workers for 9 days x 35 person as equal as $ 622
2. Sand material 34 m3 as equal as $296
3. Grant from kampong leader $50 for cement purchasing

12. LEDOK GAJAH WONG Community
final result
BEFORE AFTER

13. CIPTOMULYO Community
planning process:
Repeated the processes in previous kampong, Ledok Gajah Wong, there
was planning process by mapping with community to identify some
problems in this location:
1.There is no community center, there is no area for this facility.
2.There is no river dike for prevent flood
3.There is no treatment system for solid waste
4.There is no management and treatment center for garbage.
5.There is no electricity for 23 houses of 26 houses
After meeting with community, all agreed that the priority problem in this area is community center. The term in
Indonesia is Balai Warga. They need the community house for community meeting like: learning together for
children, meetings for saving group, monthly community meeting and ritual ceremony.

14. CIPTOMULYO Community
People used some grant from ACCA Small Project for about $ 900 to
buy a land 6x8 m2 in riverbank. They agreed that they will use the
grant as community fund with rolling system. Every household
should return the grant $ 22 per month or $ 1 per day. Community
organization (paguyuban) will manage the grant and there will be
an announcement for community every date 20.
implementation process
ARKOM JOGJA team facilitated the design process, ask people to
use bamboo with special treatment as a main material for build the
community center.
There is a training for worker team to learn about special treatment
for bamboo (preservative treatment). But for bamboo as main
material in community center building, SAHABAT BAMBAU (SABA)
has treated bamboo first (not by community themselves). Because
the process of treatment take a long time and need a wide place. If
the process is doing by community, it will take a long time.
Community want the building finish in 1 month reconstruction.
The reconstruction process is for 4 weeks, by 10 workers and supervised by bamboo expertise from
ARKOM JOGJA. The reconstruction process cost $ 2,600.
There is also community contribution as worker which is as equal as $ 700 and sand material from
river which is as equal as $ 300.

15. CIPTOMULYO Community
“..before we have community center, we always
have our meeting in street. It is very uncomfortable
especially in rainy day, the meeting can be end.
Now we have a community center for our
activities: children can learn together, we can have
out meeting about savings, ritual ceremony…”
(Sumiyati, 50 years old – live in Ciptomulyo)
final result BEFORE
“..we have good experiences from architects
about bamboo technology. For a long time we just use
bamboo as a simple way for build a house. Now we know that
by treat bamboo with specific treatment we can get a good
quality of building. It is stronger and beautiful...”
(Prih, 52 years old - coordinator of worker team)
AFTER

16. LESSON LEARN PASCA SMALL PROJECT MODEL
In Ledok Gajah Wong and Ciptomulyo
1. Community participation in 2 kampong is very active, which can give $ 1,722 independently as
material (sand) and worker which were working together. And the fund from ACCA Small
Project in 2 kampongs is used $ 4,000 for 6 months.
2. Community initiative to start kampong upgrading give attention impact from kampong leader/
key person, and they give grant $ 50 to support the process.
3. The opportunity to implement ACCA Small Project make community aware about how
important is the networking between one to another community. They believe that there is
still another poor community in riverbank of Winongo and Gajah Wong river. They need the
same activity.
4. The opportunity to create a networking is a new thing for poor community in Yogyakarta.
Previously they did not care one another. Now they realize that their feeling about “being
minority” is real and there are still another communities feel the same feeling.
For these reasons they want to doing survey for all poor kampongs in riverbank of Winongo and Gajah Wong
river. They want to know how many communities live in the riverbank and know about the community
problem. Are they also have the same one, are they also still have spirit? They hope the result about
community problem here can be delivered to city government of Yogyakarta and ask them to solve the
problems together, similar with another 2 kampongs, Ledok Gajah Wong and Ciptomulyo kampong.

17. The next PROCESS:
CITY-WIDE SURVEY by Jaringan Antar Kampung
The process is being worked using ACCA’s Small Project Budget is
identify as many slum kampongs in urban and sub-urban of
Yogyakarta City area. From the identification/ initial survey, we are
finding several kampong in three riverside area. We had started to
organize 5 kampongs to do community mapping.
Community mapping results in 5 kampongs used to start Small
Projects based on priorities of each kampong such as:
1.Build paving road
2.Build Bamboo Community Center
During the identification process in more than 10 slum kampongs
surveyed, we found some interesting characteristics and typology of
the slum area in Yogyakarta Urban Areas:
1.Community live in illegal land along riverside
2.Community live in “Sultan Ground”
3.Community live in “private land” (rent a plot)
4.Community live in illegal land of Train Company

18. The importance of continuing the process identification and early survey
for slum area in Yogyakarta Urban and Sub-Urban area. Early identification
that shows some typology of slum kampongs interesting to be explored
with community network that has been running the ACCA program I
Yogyakarta City.
The early findings of the four typologies of slum area in Yogyakarta City;
1.Community live in ilnformal land along riverside
2.Community live in “Sultan Ground”
3.Community live in “private land” (rent a plot)
4.Community live in illegal land of Train Company
shows that poorest people living in threatened by eviction and lost of
housing rights by group who have other interests.
Although the number and condition is not as much and as bad as other big
cities in Indonesia, but by looking the poorest kampongs in Yogyakarta will
be able to provide an overview of complex issues and potential because we
will get accurate database in qualities and quantities, locations and
characteristics.
By City Survey Program will be used as a tool for build strong cooperation
with City Government to make “city-wide”.

19. 1.Create participatory database (included: number of households, housing security issues, land
target
ownership, infrastructure, community organizations, saving activities, existing development
initiatives, another NGOs program) of all Slum area in Yogyakarta city using website and simple
book.
2.Community finding and formulate a specific definition of slum area in Yogyakarta City.
3.Community network (5 communities) know the problems of other communities and finding the
alternative solution of their settlement.
4.Community network to do negotiate to the City and Region Government to suggest a
community-driven program as a model program for poverty problems and resolving of security of
tenure.
survey/ assessment
Community network together with ARKOM’s team (community architects and architecture student
from Duta Wacana Christian University) to do city survey in all slum area in Yogyakarta urban and
sub-urban area. There are more than 15 slum area will be survey and indentify.
Community and
Community and
ARKOM’s team
ARKOM’s team
Negotiate
Community and
Community and Community with City
ARKOM’s team
ARKOM’s team City-wide
database of all Government
Survey
slum area in to make
Community and (more than 15
Community and Yogyakarta model /
ARKOM’s team communities)
ARKOM’s team City partnership
program
Community and
Community and
ARKOM’s team
ARKOM’s team
Finding some
criteria of slum
area

20. On-going Process of City-wide Survey
the fact
16 communities in Winongo Riverside ,
14 communities in Gajah Wong Riverside,
5779 people, 1693 HHs live in unsecured land:
• 13 communities live in informal land
• 3 communities live in Sultan Ground
• 9 communities live in informal rent of private land
• 3 communities live in local government land
• 2 communities live in conflict land
Problems:
• 774 HHs in 11 communities have bad condition of road
• 834 HHS in 14 communities don’t have drainage
system
• 3175 HHs in 24 communities dispose solid and liquid
waste to the river (without treatment system)
• 524 HHS in 11 communities don’t have public toilet
• 1360 HHS in 23 communities dispose the garbage to
the river

22. IMPACT and FOLLOW UP
1. Database which we get from survey with kampong relationship become a tool for negotiation
with city government of Yogyakarta and DPRD Yogyakarta city.
2. There are some informal discussion with government of Yogyakarta city, especially for division
of infrastructure development. And the government appreciate poor community wishes in
Yogyakarta city for the survey result that really help them to solve the problems about
settlement especially in infrastructure division.
3. The city government of Yoggyakarta has a commitment to make a joint program to finish the
settlement problems in Winongo and Gajah Wong riverbanks with approachof ARKOM JOGJA
and kampong networking in 2012.
4. 30 kampong networking have a deal to keep the ACCA Small Project going in 4 kampong as the
needed and ability of each. Another 26 kampongs have a deal to wait a joint program with
government of Yogyakarta city and DPRD.