2. Air Barrier Paper
• Definition:
• Air barriers are systems of
materials used to control
airflow in building
enclosures. They typically
completely enclose the air
within a building .The
physical properties which
distinguish air barriers
from other materials are
the ability to resist air
flow and air pressure.
4. Back Hoe
• Definition:
• A piece of excavating equipment consisting of a digging bucket on the
end of a two-part articulated arm. They are typically mounted on the
back of a tractor or front loader. Backhoes are general purpose tools
• Width of Bucket - 12quot; - 36quot;
5. Batter Boards
• Horizontal boards
attached level to
stakes, used to mark
out the boundary of a
construction and
establish the levels and
building line
6. Brick Arches
Arch with Keystone
• Centering: Term used for spacing;
The measurement of spacing for
studs, rafters, and joists in a
building from the center of one
member to the center of the next.
8. Brick Sizes
Standard : 4quot; x 2 2/3quot; x 8quot; Modular : 4quot; x 2 2/3quot; x 8quot;
9. Bulldozer
• Definition:
• Aheavy, driver-operated machine for clearing and grading land, usually having
continuous treads and a broad hydraulic blade in front.
• Used For: to push large quantities of soil, sand, rubble, etc., during
construction work.
12. Concrete Joints
Isolation joints are formed by placing
Control Joints are groove inserted into
preformed joint material next to the
a concrete surface to quot;controlquot;
column or wall or standpipe prior to
cracking. Essentially, this groove is an
pouring the slab. Isolation joint material is
intentional, controlled crack placed in
typically asphalt-impregnated
the concrete to preclude the concrete's
fiberboard, although
cracking on its own, in an uncontrolled
plastic, cork, rubber, and neoprene are
manner.
also available
13. Concrete Masonry Unit
Definition: Alarge rectangular brick used in construction.
1 CMU=3 Brick Courses
Most common size is 8 in × 8 in × 16 in
When reinforced with concrete columns and tie beams, is a
very common building material for the load-bearing walls of
buildings
17. Framing Elements
Anchor bolt Floor Joist
Ceiling Joist Sill plate
-Sheathing
-Sole Plate
-Behind is Roof
-Stud
decking
-Ceiling Joist shown at
-Rafter also
Stringer
top of Picture
shown
18. Front End Loader
• Definition: type of tractor, that
has a front mounted square wide
bucket connected to the end of
two booms to scoop up loose
material from the ground, such as
dirt, sand or gravel, and move it
from one place to another
without pushing the material
across the ground.
• Used To: quot;loadquot; material
(asphalt, demolition
debris, dirt, feed, gravel, logs, raw
minerals, recycled
material, rock, sand, wood
chips, etc.) into or onto another
type of machinery (dump
truck, conveyor belt, feed-
hooper, rail-car, etc.).
19. Gypsum Board
• Definition: made of a paper
liner wrapped around an inner
core made primarily from
gypsum plaster, the semi-
hydrous form of calcium
sulfate (CaSO4·½ H2O).
• Drywall provides a thermal
resistance R-value of 0.32 for
three-eighths-inch board, 0.45
for half inch, 0.56 for five-
eighths inch and 0.83 for one-
inch board. In addition to
increased R-value, thicker
drywall has a higher sound
transmission class.
20. Heat Pump
• Advantages: Air heat pumps are
emerging as a popular choice due
to their simple ‘plug and play’
installation and competitive
pricing. Air heat pumps are
typically competitive with
traditional electrical and fuel-
based systems, though not with
gas-powered appliances
• Disadvantages: Air source heat
pumps perform much better in
mild temperate. In climates with
extended periods of freezing
temperatures, air-source heat
pumps have large limitations looking like an air conditioner
in size and appearance -
usually consisting of an
outdoor coil, a compressor, a
reversing valve and a fan.
21. Insulation Loose Fill
loose fibers or fiber pellets that are blown into building
Batt or Blanket cavities or attics using special equipment. usually fills
nooks and crannies easier, reduces air leakage
processed fiberglass or rock wool -- and is used to
better, and provides better sound insulation than batt-
insulate below floors, above ceilings, and within walls.
type insulation.
Rigid Board
made from fiberglass, polystyrene, or polyurethane and comes in a
Foamed variety of thicknesses with a high insulating value (approximately R-
4 to R-8 per inch).used for reproofing work on flat roofs, on
two-part liquid containing a polymer (such as
basement walls and as perimeter insulation at concrete slab
polyurethane or modified urethane) and a foaming
edges, and in cathedral ceilings.
agent. both an insulation and an air barrier
22. Lintel
• a horizontal
architectural member
spanning and usually
carrying the load above
an opening
23. Mortar
Tooled
Tooled
Apartment building
Fraternity House
M
M
24. Oriented Strand Board
• an engineered wood
product of nonveneered
panel product formed by
layering strands (flakes) of
wood in specific
orientations. In appearance
it may have a rough and
variegated surface with the
individual strips (around 2.5
by 15 cm (approx. 1 in by 6
in) each) lying unevenly
across each other.
26. Plumbing
Tub being
installed
Lavatory
Definition: plumbing fixture and
disposal system primarily intended for
the disposal of the bodily wastes
Drop in sink Size piping used to drain lavatory
(1’-1/2”)
27. Plywood
Type of engineered board
made from thin sheets of Veneer: is a thin covering over
wood, called plies or wood another surface
veneers. The layers are glued
together, each with its grain
at right angles to adjacent
layers for greater strength.
28. Radiant Barrier
• Radiant barriers work by
reducing heat transfer by
thermal radiation across
the air space between the
roof deck and the attic
floor, where conventional
insulation is usually
placed. All materials give
off, or emit, energy by
thermal radiation as a
result of their
temperature.
29. Rebar
• This rebar is to support
a column on a front
porch of a house. # 8 is
used here
30. Steep Roof Drainage
• •
Gutter: a narrow channel which collects rainwater Water collected by a rain gutter is fed, usually via a
from the roof of a building and diverts it away from downspout (traditionally called a leader or
conductor[4]), from the roof edge to the base of the
the structure, typically into a drain.
building where it is either discharged or collected
Rainwater pouring out of your downspout can erode soil and
cause moisture problems around your foundation. To avoid
those headaches, these splash pads, positioned beneath your
downspouts, help direct and distribute that rainwater away from
the foundation, to help minimize erosion.
31. Steep Roof Materials
• Underlayment- typically made from
polypropylene, polyester, or
fiberglass fabric which weighs less
than felt building paper, can be
manufactured with an anti-slip
surface, and can withstand exposure
to the elements for six months.
Shingle Roof
Shingle - A flat covering
element for a
roof, including
Shake (roof)
Clay Tile Roof Roof shingle
Rolls of Underlayment
Preformed
Metal Roof
33. Steep Roof Terms
Soffit also without fascia
With fascia displaying the rake also
shows eave
Ridge
Valley
34. Vapor Retarder
• A vapor retarder is a specially treated
paper, thin plastic sheeting, or low
permeance paint that prevents
condensation of water vapor inside
wall or ceiling materials. This trapped
moisture can cause damage to the
wallboard and paint as well as
structural deterioration.
• They keep this moisture in a warm
area where it will not condense. For
this reason, vapor retarders should
be applied (in colder climates) behind
the drywall of a wall or ceiling next to
existing insulation and on the warm-
in-winter side (between the
insulation and the conditioned space)
of insulated floor sections over crawl
spaces.
35. Waterproofing
• a building or structure is
waterproofed with the use of
membranes to protect contents
underneath or within as well as
protecting structural integrity.
The waterproofing of the building
envelope in construction
specifications is under '07 -
Thermal and Moisture' protection
and includes roofing material as
well as waterproofing materials.
• Waterproofing is used in
reference to building structures
(basements, decks, flat roofs, wet
areas, etc.), watercraft, canvas, cl
othing and paper (e.g., milk and
juice cartons).
36. Weep Hole
• Small openings left in
the outer wall of
masonry construction
as an outlet for water
inside a building to
move outside the wall
and evaporate.
37. Welded Wire Fabric
• Welded plain wire fabric for
concrete reinforcement shall
conform to quot;Specification for
Steel Welded Wire
Fabric, Plain, for Concrete
Reinforcementquot; (ASTM A
185), except that for wire with a
specified yield strength fy
exceeding 60,000 psi, fy shall be
the stress corresponding to a
strain of 0.35 percent if the yield
strength specified in the design
exceeds 60,000 psi. Welded
intersections shall not be spaced
farther apart than 12 in. in
direction of calculated
stress, except for wire fabric used
as stirrups in accordance with
12.13.2.
38. Windows
• Casement- open outward
• Double Hung-top can be open fully, easily allowing fresh
while bottom remains closed air and sunshine into your
home.
Gliding- chosen by people
who want maximum ease
when opening and
closing windows.
