From Slavery To Freedom

From Slavery to Freedom: B’nai Yisrael Becomes a People BUT WHAT KIND OF PEOPLE? WHO EXACTLY ARE WE?

Tomb painting from Hierakonpolis, Egypt, Predynastic, ca. 3500-3200 BCE.

The Palette of King Narmer , Predynastic, ca. 3200-2920 BCE

Is Might Only Right in Egypt? No, the Egyptians had sophisticated beliefs about justice, fairness and truth!

What about other parts of the ancient world? ,[object Object],[object Object],Cylinder seals were common in the ancient Near East

Who was the lawgiver in the ancient world?

EPILOGUE OF THE CODE OF HAMMURABI ,[object Object]

Hammurabi’s Concern for Justice is not New ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ANCIENT LAW SHOWS US A HIGHLY STRATIFIED SOCIETY ,[object Object],THE LAWS OF ESHNUNNA AND HAMMURABI HAVE DIFFERENT PENALTIES ACCORDING TO THE SOCIAL STATUS OF THE VICTIM. IF A MAN HITS A PREGNANT WOMAN OF THE UPPER CLASS, FOR EXAMPLE, AND CAUSES HER TO MISCARRY, HE PAYS A HIGHER PENALTY THAN IF HE HAD HIT AND CAUSED A MISCARRIAGE IN A WOMAN OF THE LOWER CLASS

WHERE DOES THIS LEAVE B’NAI YISRAEL?

B’NAI YISRAEL’S NEW STATUS ,[object Object],[object Object],אָנֹכִי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ , אֲשֶׁר הוֹצֵאתִיךָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם מִבֵּית עֲבָדִים : לֹא - יִהְיֶה לְךָ אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים , עַל - פָּנָי . Exodus 20:2

WHAT LAWS ARE UNDER DISCUSSION HERE? ,[object Object],[object Object]

THAT WAS FROM VA’YIKRA , 25:35-42 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

WAIT, THERE’S MORE! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Democratic Spirit of the Torah Shmot 20:7-9 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

וְאַתֶּם תִּהְיוּ - לִי מַמְלֶכֶת כֹּהֲנִים וְגוֹי קָדוֹשׁ And you will be for me a kingdom of priests, a holy nation -- Shmot 19:6 וַיָּבֹא מֹשֶׁה , וַיְסַפֵּר לָעָם אֵת כָּל - דִּבְרֵי יְהוָה , וְאֵת , כָּל - הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים ; וַיַּעַן כָּל - הָעָם קוֹל אֶחָד , וַיֹּאמְרוּ , כָּל - הַדְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר - דִּבֶּר יְהוָה , נַעֲשֶׂה Shmot 24:3

Conclusions: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

From Slavery To Freedom

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