SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  20
Crowdsourcing
Ashish Singh B10007
Amit gore B10013
You take the good. You take the bad.
You take them all and then you have.
Crowdsourcing !
Presentation Journey
• What is it? When did it start?
• Who is using it?
• What are the benefits of using it?
• Examples of Crowdsourcing
• Types of Crowdsourcing
• Crowdsourcers
What is it?1
Fansourcing CrowdcastingOpen Sourcing
Open InnovationMass Collaboration Collective Customer Commitment
Wikinomics Collective Intelligence
Crowdsourcing
What is Crowdsourcing ?
The practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or
content by soliciting contributions from a large group of
people, and especially from an online community,
rather than from traditional employees or suppliers.
Crowdsourcing is an online, distributed problem-
solving and production model
"Crowdsourcing is channelling the experts’ desire to
solve a problem and then freely sharing the answer with
everyone.
Term Coined by Jeff Howe !!
Common Crowdsourcing
Applications
 Open Sourced Software (Linux)
 Product voting
 Google Play-store
 Suggestion Boxes
When Did it Actually Start? 4
 Wikipedia
 Rent-A-Coder
Crowdsourcing
Crowdsourcing-who are workers ?
EVERYONE !!
Crowdsourcing: The Benefits
 Companies Get 5
 Improved quality
and productivity
 Feedback
 Good Exposure
 Minimum of
Cost
 People Get 6
 Incentive
 Cash !!
 Recognition
 Sense of
accomplishment
among peers
 Make Life Better
 Linux
Good Examples of Crowdsourcing
MIT 100K Competition
Modern Methods
Crowdsourcing has transferred mainly to the Internet. The Internet provides
a particularly good venue for Crowdsourcing since individuals tend to be
more open in web-based projects where they are not being physically
judged or scrutinized and thus can feel more comfortable sharing.
Crowdsourcing can take two route :
Explicit :users can evaluate particular items like books or WebPages,
or share by posting products or items.
Implicit :standalone and piggyback. Standalone allows people to
solve problems as a side effect of the task they are actually
doing, whereas piggyback takes users' information from a
third-party website to gather information
Types of Crowdsourcing
Crowd Voting:
Crowd voting occurs when a website gathers a large group's
opinions and judgment on a certain topic.
Crowdsourcing creative work :
Creative crowdsourcing spans sourcing creative projects such as
graphic design, architecture, apparel design, writing, illustration,
etc..
Types of Crowdsourcing
Ideas Crowdsourcing and Crowd funding :
Crowdfunding is the process of funding your projects by a
multitude of people contributing a small amount in order to attain a
certain monetary goal.
Goals may be for donations or for equity in a project.
A well-known crowdfunding tool is Kickstarter, which is the biggest
website for funding creative projects.
It has raised over $100 million, despite its all-or-nothing model
which requires one to reach the proposed monetary goal in order to
acquire the money.
Types of Crowdsourcing
Wisdom of crowd
Wisdom of the crowd is another type of crowdsourcing that collects
large amounts of information and aggregates them to gain a
complete and accurate picture of a topic, based on the idea that a
group of people is, on average, more knowledgeable than an
individual.
This idea of collective intelligence proves particularly effective on
the Internet because people from diverse backgrounds can
contribute in real-time within the same forums
Microwork
Microwork is a crowdsourcing platform where users do small tasks
for which computers lack aptitude for low amounts of money.
Amazon’s popular Mechanical Turk has created many different
projects for users to participate in, where each task requires very
little time and offers a very small amount in payment
Types of Crowdsourcing
Implicit Crowdsourcing
Implicit crowdsourcing is less obvious because users do not
necessarily know they are contributing, yet can still be very
effective in completing certain tasks.
Rather than users actively participating in solving a problem
or providing information, implicit crowdsourcing involves
users doing another task entirely where a third party gains
information for another topic based on the user's actions
Crowdsourcers
 There are a number of motivations for businesses to use
Crowdsourcing to accomplish tasks, find solutions for problems, or
to gather information.
 Crowdsourcing also has the potential to be a problem-solving
mechanism for government and non profit use.
 Crowdsourcing systems provide these researchers with the ability
to gather large amount of data.
 Researcher can collect data from populations and demographics
they may not have had access to locally, but that improve the
validity and value of their work
Buyers of crowdsourcers gain
 Getting Tasks done at a cheap price
 More Bang for your Buck
 Convenience
 No need to look for employees
 Excellent tool for outsourcing
Crowdsourcing Participants
 High cash Compensations
 Equal playing Field
 Flexible work Hours
 Enhance your professional Portfolio
CrowdSpring
 marketplace for logos, graphic design and naming.

Contenu connexe

Similaire à Crowdsourcing

Understanding the concept of Crowd-sourcing
Understanding the concept of Crowd-sourcingUnderstanding the concept of Crowd-sourcing
Understanding the concept of Crowd-sourcingMercy Akinseinde
 
Crowdsourcing & Humantalents
Crowdsourcing & HumantalentsCrowdsourcing & Humantalents
Crowdsourcing & HumantalentsJayadeva de Silva
 
Crowdsourcing: A Survey
Crowdsourcing: A SurveyCrowdsourcing: A Survey
Crowdsourcing: A SurveyIJERA Editor
 
Crowdsourcing presentation
Crowdsourcing presentationCrowdsourcing presentation
Crowdsourcing presentationkleepg23
 
Media140 London Idea Bounty
Media140 London Idea BountyMedia140 London Idea Bounty
Media140 London Idea Bountymedia 140
 
Presentatie Carl Esposti KJO9- Crowdsourcing
Presentatie Carl Esposti KJO9- CrowdsourcingPresentatie Carl Esposti KJO9- Crowdsourcing
Presentatie Carl Esposti KJO9- CrowdsourcingMediamatic
 
Ideavibes - Crowdsourcing and Civic or Citizen Engagement
Ideavibes - Crowdsourcing and Civic or Citizen EngagementIdeavibes - Crowdsourcing and Civic or Citizen Engagement
Ideavibes - Crowdsourcing and Civic or Citizen EngagementIdeavibes | Paul Dombowsky
 
Leveraging new media platforms for civic engagement in cities
Leveraging  new media platforms for civic engagement in cities Leveraging  new media platforms for civic engagement in cities
Leveraging new media platforms for civic engagement in cities Kumar Manish
 
How the web changes the organisation of business - and the business of organi...
How the web changes the organisation of business - and the business of organi...How the web changes the organisation of business - and the business of organi...
How the web changes the organisation of business - and the business of organi...david cushman
 
Discover the power of crowdsourcing
Discover the power of crowdsourcingDiscover the power of crowdsourcing
Discover the power of crowdsourcingPavan Kumar
 
When citizens get involved : the power of online communities and crowdsourcing
When citizens get involved : the power of online communities and crowdsourcingWhen citizens get involved : the power of online communities and crowdsourcing
When citizens get involved : the power of online communities and crowdsourcingJorieke Vyncke
 
The power of crowd sourcing
The power of crowd sourcingThe power of crowd sourcing
The power of crowd sourcingPavan kumar
 
Collaboration of the Masses: Crowdsourcing & Crowdfunding
Collaboration of the Masses: Crowdsourcing & CrowdfundingCollaboration of the Masses: Crowdsourcing & Crowdfunding
Collaboration of the Masses: Crowdsourcing & CrowdfundingLaura Amole
 
Hicss 2013 presentation_simula
Hicss 2013 presentation_simulaHicss 2013 presentation_simula
Hicss 2013 presentation_simulaHenri Simula
 
Crowdsourcing co creation and ideation
Crowdsourcing co creation and ideationCrowdsourcing co creation and ideation
Crowdsourcing co creation and ideationsuresh sood
 

Similaire à Crowdsourcing (20)

Understanding the concept of Crowd-sourcing
Understanding the concept of Crowd-sourcingUnderstanding the concept of Crowd-sourcing
Understanding the concept of Crowd-sourcing
 
Crowdsourcing & Humantalents
Crowdsourcing & HumantalentsCrowdsourcing & Humantalents
Crowdsourcing & Humantalents
 
The Power of Crowds
The Power of CrowdsThe Power of Crowds
The Power of Crowds
 
Crowdsourcing: A Survey
Crowdsourcing: A SurveyCrowdsourcing: A Survey
Crowdsourcing: A Survey
 
Crowd sourcing social media
Crowd sourcing social mediaCrowd sourcing social media
Crowd sourcing social media
 
Crowdsourcing presentation
Crowdsourcing presentationCrowdsourcing presentation
Crowdsourcing presentation
 
Crowdsourcing
CrowdsourcingCrowdsourcing
Crowdsourcing
 
Media140 London Idea Bounty
Media140 London Idea BountyMedia140 London Idea Bounty
Media140 London Idea Bounty
 
Presentatie Carl Esposti KJO9- Crowdsourcing
Presentatie Carl Esposti KJO9- CrowdsourcingPresentatie Carl Esposti KJO9- Crowdsourcing
Presentatie Carl Esposti KJO9- Crowdsourcing
 
Ideavibes - Crowdsourcing and Civic or Citizen Engagement
Ideavibes - Crowdsourcing and Civic or Citizen EngagementIdeavibes - Crowdsourcing and Civic or Citizen Engagement
Ideavibes - Crowdsourcing and Civic or Citizen Engagement
 
Leveraging new media platforms for civic engagement in cities
Leveraging  new media platforms for civic engagement in cities Leveraging  new media platforms for civic engagement in cities
Leveraging new media platforms for civic engagement in cities
 
How the web changes the organisation of business - and the business of organi...
How the web changes the organisation of business - and the business of organi...How the web changes the organisation of business - and the business of organi...
How the web changes the organisation of business - and the business of organi...
 
Discover the power of crowdsourcing
Discover the power of crowdsourcingDiscover the power of crowdsourcing
Discover the power of crowdsourcing
 
When citizens get involved : the power of online communities and crowdsourcing
When citizens get involved : the power of online communities and crowdsourcingWhen citizens get involved : the power of online communities and crowdsourcing
When citizens get involved : the power of online communities and crowdsourcing
 
The power of crowd sourcing
The power of crowd sourcingThe power of crowd sourcing
The power of crowd sourcing
 
Collaboration of the Masses: Crowdsourcing & Crowdfunding
Collaboration of the Masses: Crowdsourcing & CrowdfundingCollaboration of the Masses: Crowdsourcing & Crowdfunding
Collaboration of the Masses: Crowdsourcing & Crowdfunding
 
Hicss 2013 presentation_simula
Hicss 2013 presentation_simulaHicss 2013 presentation_simula
Hicss 2013 presentation_simula
 
Daren Brabham Stakeholder Engagement Conference 2010
Daren Brabham Stakeholder Engagement Conference 2010Daren Brabham Stakeholder Engagement Conference 2010
Daren Brabham Stakeholder Engagement Conference 2010
 
Crowdsourcing
CrowdsourcingCrowdsourcing
Crowdsourcing
 
Crowdsourcing co creation and ideation
Crowdsourcing co creation and ideationCrowdsourcing co creation and ideation
Crowdsourcing co creation and ideation
 

Dernier

The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesCeline George
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsEugene Lysak
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesMohammad Hassany
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?TechSoup
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationMJDuyan
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptxmary850239
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxraviapr7
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICESayali Powar
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxraviapr7
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...raviapr7
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...CaraSkikne1
 

Dernier (20)

The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
 

Crowdsourcing

  • 2. You take the good. You take the bad. You take them all and then you have. Crowdsourcing !
  • 3. Presentation Journey • What is it? When did it start? • Who is using it? • What are the benefits of using it? • Examples of Crowdsourcing • Types of Crowdsourcing • Crowdsourcers
  • 4. What is it?1 Fansourcing CrowdcastingOpen Sourcing Open InnovationMass Collaboration Collective Customer Commitment Wikinomics Collective Intelligence Crowdsourcing
  • 5. What is Crowdsourcing ? The practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of people, and especially from an online community, rather than from traditional employees or suppliers. Crowdsourcing is an online, distributed problem- solving and production model "Crowdsourcing is channelling the experts’ desire to solve a problem and then freely sharing the answer with everyone. Term Coined by Jeff Howe !!
  • 6. Common Crowdsourcing Applications  Open Sourced Software (Linux)  Product voting  Google Play-store  Suggestion Boxes
  • 7. When Did it Actually Start? 4  Wikipedia  Rent-A-Coder
  • 10. Crowdsourcing: The Benefits  Companies Get 5  Improved quality and productivity  Feedback  Good Exposure  Minimum of Cost  People Get 6  Incentive  Cash !!  Recognition  Sense of accomplishment among peers  Make Life Better  Linux
  • 11. Good Examples of Crowdsourcing MIT 100K Competition
  • 12. Modern Methods Crowdsourcing has transferred mainly to the Internet. The Internet provides a particularly good venue for Crowdsourcing since individuals tend to be more open in web-based projects where they are not being physically judged or scrutinized and thus can feel more comfortable sharing. Crowdsourcing can take two route : Explicit :users can evaluate particular items like books or WebPages, or share by posting products or items. Implicit :standalone and piggyback. Standalone allows people to solve problems as a side effect of the task they are actually doing, whereas piggyback takes users' information from a third-party website to gather information
  • 13. Types of Crowdsourcing Crowd Voting: Crowd voting occurs when a website gathers a large group's opinions and judgment on a certain topic. Crowdsourcing creative work : Creative crowdsourcing spans sourcing creative projects such as graphic design, architecture, apparel design, writing, illustration, etc..
  • 14. Types of Crowdsourcing Ideas Crowdsourcing and Crowd funding : Crowdfunding is the process of funding your projects by a multitude of people contributing a small amount in order to attain a certain monetary goal. Goals may be for donations or for equity in a project. A well-known crowdfunding tool is Kickstarter, which is the biggest website for funding creative projects. It has raised over $100 million, despite its all-or-nothing model which requires one to reach the proposed monetary goal in order to acquire the money.
  • 15. Types of Crowdsourcing Wisdom of crowd Wisdom of the crowd is another type of crowdsourcing that collects large amounts of information and aggregates them to gain a complete and accurate picture of a topic, based on the idea that a group of people is, on average, more knowledgeable than an individual. This idea of collective intelligence proves particularly effective on the Internet because people from diverse backgrounds can contribute in real-time within the same forums Microwork Microwork is a crowdsourcing platform where users do small tasks for which computers lack aptitude for low amounts of money. Amazon’s popular Mechanical Turk has created many different projects for users to participate in, where each task requires very little time and offers a very small amount in payment
  • 16. Types of Crowdsourcing Implicit Crowdsourcing Implicit crowdsourcing is less obvious because users do not necessarily know they are contributing, yet can still be very effective in completing certain tasks. Rather than users actively participating in solving a problem or providing information, implicit crowdsourcing involves users doing another task entirely where a third party gains information for another topic based on the user's actions
  • 17. Crowdsourcers  There are a number of motivations for businesses to use Crowdsourcing to accomplish tasks, find solutions for problems, or to gather information.  Crowdsourcing also has the potential to be a problem-solving mechanism for government and non profit use.  Crowdsourcing systems provide these researchers with the ability to gather large amount of data.  Researcher can collect data from populations and demographics they may not have had access to locally, but that improve the validity and value of their work
  • 18. Buyers of crowdsourcers gain  Getting Tasks done at a cheap price  More Bang for your Buck  Convenience  No need to look for employees  Excellent tool for outsourcing
  • 19. Crowdsourcing Participants  High cash Compensations  Equal playing Field  Flexible work Hours  Enhance your professional Portfolio
  • 20. CrowdSpring  marketplace for logos, graphic design and naming.

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Technically even American Idol.. Who selects the winner.