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HYPERLOOP
The Hyperloop
• A concept for a fifth mode of transport after
planes, trains, cars and boats.
• Cheaper, faster, less environmental footprint.
• Inflection point of about 1500 km after which air
travel becomes faster and cheaper.
Hyperloop
Elon Musk

Founder of PayPal, SpaceX, Tesla, SolarCity.
"When a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is
possible, he is almost certainly right. When he states that something is
impossible, he is very probably wrong".
-Clarke’s First Law
The Concept
• Low pressure tube with capsules that move back and forth
throughout the length of the tube.
• Accelerated via a linear magnetic accelerator.
• Supported on a cushion of air.
• Proposed route from Los Angeles to San Fransisco (approx. 560 km).
• To be covered in just 35 minutes, with capsules leaving end stations
every 2 minutes.
The Concorde Part
The Concorde Part
• Streamlined shape reduces drag.
• Low pressure in the tube (100 Pa) reduces drag further.
Problem of Choked Air Flow
• Kantrowitz limit gives the top speed for a given tube to pod area
ratio, above which flow will be choked.
• Build up of air in front of capsule and subsequent increase in
resistance.

• Fan and compressor in the front compresses this air and routes it
to the rear via a bypass tunnel.
• This air expands in the nozzle at the back, also providing additional
thrust.
The Rail Gun Part
The Rail Gun Part
• Magnetic linear accelerators present at various
locations – rotor on the capsule, stator fixed to the
tube.
• Route divided into sections with speeds of 300 mph,
555 mph, 760 mph.
• Maximum linear acceleration of 1g achieved while
accelerating from 300 to 760 mph.
• Smaller turning radius implies a lower speed, such
that centripetal acceleration is not more than 0.5g.
The Air Hockey Table Part
The Air Hockey Table Part
• Part of the compressed air is rerouted to air bearings.
• Known as external pressure (EP) bearing and effective
when capsule is stationary or moving at very high
speeds.
• Each ski is integrated into a mechanical suspension.
• 28 such air bearing skis.
• Additional lift is provided aerodynamically – front edge is
higher than the rear edge (at an angle of 0.05º).
• Viscous interactions generate pressure differential to
provide lift.
Advantages
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Safe
Fast
Low cost
Immune to weather
Energy saving
Sustainably self-powering
Resistant to earthquakes
Not disruptive to those along the route
Major Concerns
• In some parts, total acceleration experienced by the
passenger will be more than 1g, taking the resultant of
linear and centripetal acceleration.
• Commercial aircrafts accelerate at approximately 0.25g,
roller coasters at (4-6)g.
• Uneven shear stress markings were seen on the outside
of the capsule body during simulation.
• Suggestion: Air bearings on top of the pod to improve
stability and help the pod stay balanced.
Hyperloop
References
• http://www.spacex.com/sites/spacex/files/hyperloop_alpha20130812.pdf
• http://www.teslamotors.com/blog/hyperloop
• http://science.howstuffworks.com/rail-gun1.htm
• http://www.gizmag.com/hyperloop-musk-analysis/28672/
• http://www.economist.com/blogs/economistexplains/2013/08/economist-explains-12
• http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-09-18/elonmusks-hyperloop-will-work-says-some-very-smart-software

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Hyperloop

  • 2. The Hyperloop • A concept for a fifth mode of transport after planes, trains, cars and boats. • Cheaper, faster, less environmental footprint. • Inflection point of about 1500 km after which air travel becomes faster and cheaper.
  • 4. Elon Musk Founder of PayPal, SpaceX, Tesla, SolarCity. "When a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible, he is almost certainly right. When he states that something is impossible, he is very probably wrong". -Clarke’s First Law
  • 5. The Concept • Low pressure tube with capsules that move back and forth throughout the length of the tube. • Accelerated via a linear magnetic accelerator. • Supported on a cushion of air. • Proposed route from Los Angeles to San Fransisco (approx. 560 km). • To be covered in just 35 minutes, with capsules leaving end stations every 2 minutes.
  • 7. The Concorde Part • Streamlined shape reduces drag. • Low pressure in the tube (100 Pa) reduces drag further.
  • 8. Problem of Choked Air Flow • Kantrowitz limit gives the top speed for a given tube to pod area ratio, above which flow will be choked. • Build up of air in front of capsule and subsequent increase in resistance. • Fan and compressor in the front compresses this air and routes it to the rear via a bypass tunnel. • This air expands in the nozzle at the back, also providing additional thrust.
  • 10. The Rail Gun Part • Magnetic linear accelerators present at various locations – rotor on the capsule, stator fixed to the tube. • Route divided into sections with speeds of 300 mph, 555 mph, 760 mph. • Maximum linear acceleration of 1g achieved while accelerating from 300 to 760 mph. • Smaller turning radius implies a lower speed, such that centripetal acceleration is not more than 0.5g.
  • 11. The Air Hockey Table Part
  • 12. The Air Hockey Table Part • Part of the compressed air is rerouted to air bearings. • Known as external pressure (EP) bearing and effective when capsule is stationary or moving at very high speeds. • Each ski is integrated into a mechanical suspension. • 28 such air bearing skis. • Additional lift is provided aerodynamically – front edge is higher than the rear edge (at an angle of 0.05º). • Viscous interactions generate pressure differential to provide lift.
  • 13. Advantages • • • • • • • • Safe Fast Low cost Immune to weather Energy saving Sustainably self-powering Resistant to earthquakes Not disruptive to those along the route
  • 14. Major Concerns • In some parts, total acceleration experienced by the passenger will be more than 1g, taking the resultant of linear and centripetal acceleration. • Commercial aircrafts accelerate at approximately 0.25g, roller coasters at (4-6)g. • Uneven shear stress markings were seen on the outside of the capsule body during simulation. • Suggestion: Air bearings on top of the pod to improve stability and help the pod stay balanced.
  • 16. References • http://www.spacex.com/sites/spacex/files/hyperloop_alpha20130812.pdf • http://www.teslamotors.com/blog/hyperloop • http://science.howstuffworks.com/rail-gun1.htm • http://www.gizmag.com/hyperloop-musk-analysis/28672/ • http://www.economist.com/blogs/economistexplains/2013/08/economist-explains-12 • http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-09-18/elonmusks-hyperloop-will-work-says-some-very-smart-software