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ATI Defense Satellite Sonar Systems
1. Acoustics & Sonar Engineering
Radar, Missiles & Defense
Systems Engineering & Project Management
Engineering & Communications
APPLIED TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE
Training Rocket Scientists
Since 1984
Volume 105
Valid through June 2011
2. 2 – Vol. 105 Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805
Applied Technology Institute
349 Berkshire Drive
Riva, Maryland 21140-1433
Tel 410-956-8805 • Fax 410-956-5785
Toll Free 1-888-501-2100
www.ATIcourses.com
Technical and Training Professionals,
Now is the time to think about bringing an ATI course to your site! If
there are 8 or more people who are interested in a course, you save money if
we bring the course to you. If you have 15 or more students, you save over
50% compared to a public course.
This catalog includes upcoming open enrollment dates for many
courses. We can teach any of them at your location. Our website,
www.ATIcourses.com, lists over 50 additional courses that we offer.
For 26 years, the Applied Technology Institute (ATI) has earned the
TRUST of training departments nationwide. We have presented “on-site”
training at all major DoD facilities and NASA centers, and for a large number
of their contractors.
Since 1984, we have emphasized the big picture systems engineering
perspective in:
- Defense Topics
- Engineering & Data Analysis
- Sonar & Acoustic Engineering
- Space & Satellite Systems
- Systems Engineering
with instructors who love to teach! We are constantly adding new topics to our
list of courses - please call if you have a scientific or engineering training
requirement that is not listed.
We would love to send you a quote for an
onsite course! For “on-site” presentations, we
can tailor the course, combine course topics
for audience relevance, and develop new or
specialized courses to meet your objectives.
Regards,
P.S. We can help you arrange “on-site”
courses with your training department. Give
us a call.
4. 4 – Vol. 105 Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805
Acoustics Fundamentals, Measurements, and Applications
March 1-3, 2011
Beltsville. Maryland
$1690 (8:30am - 4:00pm)
"Register 3 or More & Receive $10000 each
Off The Course Tuition."
Summary
This three-day course is intended for
engineers and other technical personnel and
managers who have a work-related need to
understand basic acoustics concepts and how to
measure and analyze sound. This is an
introductory course and participants need not
have any prior knowledge of sound or vibration.
Each topic is illustrated by appropriate
applications, in-class demonstrations, and
worked-out numerical examples. Each student
will receive a copy of the textbook, Acoustics: An
Introduction by Heinrich Kuttruff.
Instructor
Dr. Alan D. Stuart, Associate Professor Emeritus
of Acoustics, Penn State, has over forty years
experience in the field of sound and vibration. He
has degrees in mechanical engineering,
electrical engineering, and engineering
acoustics. For over thirty years he has taught
courses on the Fundamentals of Acoustics,
Structural Acoustics, Applied Acoustics, Noise
Control Engineering, and Sonar Engineering on
both the graduate and undergraduate levels as
well as at government and industrial
organizations throughout the country.
Course Outline
1. Introductory Concepts. Sound in fluids and
solids. Sound as particle vibrations. Waveforms and
frequency. Sound energy and power consideration.
2. Acoustic Waves. Air-borne sound. Plane and
spherical acoustic waves. Sound pressure, intensity,
and power. Decibel (dB) log power scale. Sound
reflection and transmission at surfaces. Sound
absorption.
3. Acoustic and Vibration Sensors. Human ear
characteristics. Capacitor and piezoelectric
microphone designs and response characteristics.
Intensity probe design and operational limitations.
Accelerometers design and frequency response.
4. Sound Measurements. Sound level meters.
Time weighting (fast, slow, linear). Decibel scales
(Linear and A-and C-weightings). Octave band
analyzers. Narrow band spectrum analyzers. Critical
bands of human hearing. Detecting tones in noise.
Microphone calibration techniques.
5. Sound Radiation. Human speech mechanism.
Loudspeaker design and response characteristics.
Directivity patterns of simple and multi-pole sources:
monopole, dipole and quadri-pole sources. Acoustic
arrays and beamforming. Sound radiation from
vibrating machines and structures. Radiation
efficiency.
6. Low Frequency Components and Systems.
Helmholtz resonator. Sound waves in ducts. Mufflers
and their design. Horns and loudspeaker enclosures.
7. Applications. Representative topics include:
Outdoor sound propagation (temperature and wind
effects). Environmental acoustics (e.g. community
noise response and criteria). Auditorium and room
acoustics (e.g. reverberation criteria and sound
absorption). Structural acoustics (e.g. sound
transmission loss through panels). Noise and vibration
control (e.g. source-path-receiver model).
What You Will Learn
• How to make proper sound level
measurements.
• How to analyze and report acoustic data.
• The basis of decibels (dB) and the A-weighting
scale.
• How intensity probes work and allow near-field
sound measurements.
• How to measure radiated sound power and
sound transmission loss.
• How to use third-octave bands and narrow-
band spectrum analyzers.
• How the source-path-receiver approach is used
in noise control engineering.
• How sound builds up in enclosures like vehicle
interiors and rooms.
Recent attendee comments
...
“Great instructor made the course in-
teresting and informative. Helped
clear-up many misconceptions I had
about sound and its measurement.”
“Enjoyed the in-class demonstrations;
they help explain the concepts. In-
structor helped me with a problem I
was having at work, worth the price
of the course!”
NEW!
5. Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805 Vol. 105 – 5
March 14-17, 2011
Beltsville, Maryland
$1690 (8:30am - 4:00pm)
"Register 3 or More & Receive $10000 each
Off The Course Tuition."
Summary
Advanced Undersea Warfare (USW) covers the latest
information about submarine employment in future
conflicts. The course is taught by a leading innovator in
submarine tactics. The roles, capabilities and future
developments of submarines in littoral warfare are
emphasized.
The technology and tactics of modern nuclear and
diesel submarines are discussed. The importance of
stealth, mobility, and firepower for submarine missions are
illustrated by historical and projected roles of submarines.
Differences between nuclear and diesel submarines are
reviewed. Submarine sensors (sonar, ELINT, visual) and
weapons (torpedoes, missiles, mines, special forces) are
presented.
Advanced USW gives you a wealth of practical
knowledge about the latest issues and tactics in
submarine warfare. The course provides the necessary
background to understand the employment of submarines
in the current world environment.
Advanced USW is valuable to engineers and scientists
who are working in R&D, or in testing of submarine
systems. It provides the knowledge and perspective to
understand advanced USW in shallow water and regional
conflicts.
Course Outline
1. Mechanics and Physics of Submarines.
Stealth, mobility, firepower, and endurance. The hull -
tradeoffs between speed, depth, and payload. The
"Operating Envelope". The "Guts" - energy, electricity,
air, and hydraulics.
2. Submarine Sensors. Passive sonar. Active
sonar. Radio frequency sensors. Visual sensors.
Communications and connectivity considerations.
Tactical considerations of employment.
3. Submarine Weapons and Off-Board Devices.
Torpedoes. Missiles. Mines. Countermeasures.
Tactical considerations of employment. Special Forces.
4. Historical Employment of Submarines. Coastal
defense. Fleet scouts. Commerce raiders. Intelligence
and warning. Reconnaissance and surveillance.
Tactical considerations of employment.
5. Cold War Employment of Submarines. The
maritime strategy. Forward offense. Strategic anti-
submarine warfare. Tactical considerations of
employment.
6. Submarine Employment in Littoral Warfare.
Overt and covert "presence". Battle group and joint
operations support. Covert mine detection, localization
and neutralization. Injection and recovery of Special
Forces. Targeting and bomb damage assessment.
Tactical considerations of employment. Results of
recent out-year wargaming.
7. Littoral Warfare “Threats”. Types and fuzing
options of mines. Vulnerability of submarines
compared to surface ships. The diesel-electric or air-
independent propulsion submarine "threat". The
"Brown-water" acoustic environment. Sensor and
weapon performance. Non-acoustic anti-submarine
warfare. Tactical considerations of employment.
8. Advanced Sensor, Weapon & Operational
Concepts. Strike, anti-air, and anti-theater Ballistic
Missile weapons. Autonomous underwater vehicles
and deployed off-board systems. Improved C-cubed.
The blue-green laser and other enabling technology.
Some unsolved issues of jointness.
Instructors
Capt. James Patton (USN ret.) is President of Submarine
Tactics and Technology, Inc. and is
considered a leading innovator of pro- and
anti-submarine warfare and naval tactical
doctrine. His 30 years of experience
includes actively consulting on submarine
weapons, advanced combat systems, and
other stealth warfare related issues to over
30 industrial and government entities. While at OPNAV,
Capt. Patton actively participated in submarine weapon
and sensor research and development, and was
instrumental in the development of the towed array. As
Chief Staff Officer at Submarine Development Squadron
Twelve (SUB-DEVRON 12), and as Head of the Advanced
Tactics Department at the Naval Submarine School, he
was instrumental in the development of much of the
current tactical doctrine.
Commodore Bhim Uppal, former Director of Submarines
for the Indian Navy, is now a consultant
with American Systems Corporation. He
will discuss the performance and tactics of
diesel submarines in littoral waters. He has
direct experience onboard FOXTROT,
KILO, and Type 1500 diesel electric
submarines. He has over 25 years of
experience in diesel submarines with the Indian Navy and
can provide a unique insight into the thinking, strategies,
and tactics of foreign submarines. He helped purchase
and evaluate Type 1500 and KILO diesel submarines.
What You Will Learn
• Changing doctrinal "truths" of Undersea Warfare in Littoral Warfare.
• Traditional and emergent tactical concepts of Undersea Warfare.
• The forcing functions for required developments in platforms, sensors, weapons, and C-cubed capabilities.
• The roles, missions, and counters to "Rest of the World" (ROW) mines and non-nuclear submarines.
• Current thinking in support of optimizing the U.S. submarine for coordinated and joint operations under tactical
control of the Joint Task Force Commander or CINC.N
Advanced Undersea Warfare
Submarines in Shallow Water and Regional Conflicts
6. 6 – Vol. 105 Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805
Instructors
Dr. David L. Porter is a Principal Senior Oceanographer
at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics
Laboratory (JHUAPL). Dr. Porter has been at JHUAPL for
twenty-two years and before that he was an
oceanographer for ten years at the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration. Dr. Porter's specialties are
oceanographic remote sensing using space borne
altimeters and in situ observations. He has authored
scores of publications in the field of ocean remote
sensing, tidal observations, and internal waves as well as
a book on oceanography. Dr. Porter holds a BS in
physics from University of MD, a MS in physical
oceanography from MIT and a PhD in geophysical fluid
dynamics from the Catholic University of America.
Dr. Juan I. Arvelo is a Principal Senior Acoustician at
JHUAPL. He earned a PhD degree in
physics from the Catholic University of
America. He served nine years at the
Naval Surface Warfare Center and five
years at Alliant Techsystems, Inc. He has
27 years of theoretical and practical
experience in government, industry, and
academic institutions on acoustic sensor
design and sonar performance evaluation, experimental
design and conduct, acoustic signal processing, data
analysis and interpretation. Dr. Arvelo is an active member
of the Acoustical Society of America (ASA) where he holds
various positions including associate editor of the
Proceedings On Meetings in Acoustics (POMA) and
technical chair of the 159th joint ASA/INCE conference in
Baltimore.
What You Will Learn
• The physical structure of the ocean and its major
currents.
• The controlling physics of waves, including internal
waves.
• How space borne altimeters work and their
contribution to ocean modeling.
• How ocean parameters influence acoustics.
• Models and databases for predicting sonar
performance.
Course Outline
1. Importance of Oceanography. Review
oceanography's history, naval applications, and impact on
climate.
2. Physics of The Ocean. Develop physical
understanding of the Navier-Stokes equations and their
application for understanding and measuring the ocean.
3. Energetics Of The Ocean and Climate Change. The
source of all energy is the sun. We trace the incoming energy
through the atmosphere and ocean and discuss its effect on
the climate.
4. Wind patterns, El Niño and La Niña. The major wind
patterns of earth define not only the vegetation on land, but
drive the major currents of the ocean. Perturbations to their
normal circulation, such as an El Niño event, can have global
impacts.
5. Satellite Observations, Altimetry, Earth's Geoid and
Ocean Modeling. The role of satellite observations are
discussed with a special emphasis on altimetric
measurements.
6. Inertial Currents, Ekman Transport, Western
Boundaries. Observed ocean dynamics are explained.
Analytical solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations are
discussed.
7. Ocean Currents, Modeling and Observation.
Observations of the major ocean currents are compared to
model results of those currents. The ocean models are driven
by satellite altimetric observations.
8. Mixing, Salt Fingers, Ocean Tracers and Langmuir
Circulation. Small scale processes in the ocean have a large
effect on the ocean's structure and the dispersal of important
chemicals, such as CO2.
9. Wind Generated Waves, Ocean Swell and Their
Prediction. Ocean waves, their physics and analysis by
directional wave spectra are discussed along with present
modeling of the global wave field employing Wave Watch III.
10. Tsunami Waves. The generation and propagation of
tsunami waves are discussed with a description of the present
monitoring system.
11. Internal Waves and Synthetic Aperture Radar
(SAR) Sensing of Internal Waves. The density stratification
in the ocean allows the generation of internal waves. The
physics of the waves and their manifestation at the surface by
SAR is discussed.
12. Tides, Observations, Predictions and Quality
Control. Tidal observations play a critical role in commerce
and warfare. The history of tidal observations, their role in
commerce, the physics of tides and their prediction are
discussed.
13. Bays, Estuaries and Inland Seas. The inland waters
of the continents present dynamics that are controlled not only
by the physics of the flow, but also by the bathymetry and the
shape of the coastlines.
14. The Future of Oceanography. Applications to global
climate assessment, new technologies and modeling are
discussed.
15. Underwater Acoustics. Review of ocean effects on
sound propagation & scattering.
16. Naval Applications. Description of the latest sensor,
transducer, array and sonar technologies for applications from
target detection, localization and classification to acoustic
communications and environmental surveys.
17. Models and Databases. Description of key worldwide
environmental databases, sound propagation models, and
sonar simulation tools.
May 17-19, 2011
Beltsville, Maryland
$1490 (8:30am - 4:00pm)
"Register 3 or More & Receive $10000 each
Off The Course Tuition."
Summary
This three-day course is designed for engineers,
physicists, acousticians, climate scientists, and managers
who wish to enhance their understanding of this discipline
or become familiar with how the ocean environment can
affect their individual applications. Examples of remote
sensing of the ocean, in situ ocean observing systems and
actual examples from recent oceanographic cruises are
given.
Applied Physical Oceanography and Acoustics:
Controlling Physics, Observations, Models and Naval Applications
7. Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805 Vol. 105 – 7
February 16-18, 2011
Santa Barbara, California
May 10-12, 2011
Newark, California
$2595 (8:00am - 4:00pm)
“Also Available As A Distance Learning Course”
(Call for Info)
"Register 3 or More & Receive $10000 each
Off The Course Tuition."
Course Outline
1. Minimal math review of basics of vibration,
commencing with uniaxial and torsional SDoF
systems. Resonance. Vibration control.
2. Instrumentation. How to select and correctly use
displacement, velocity and especially acceleration and
force sensors and microphones. Minimizing mechanical
and electrical errors. Sensor and system dynamic
calibration.
3. Extension of SDoF to understand multi-resonant
continuous systems encountered in land, sea, air and
space vehicle structures and cargo, as well as in
electronic products.
4. Types of shakers. Tradeoffs between mechanical,
electrohydraulic (servohydraulic), electrodynamic
(electromagnetic) and piezoelectric shakers and systems.
Limitations. Diagnostics.
5. Sinusoidal one-frequency-at-a-time vibration
testing. Interpreting sine test standards. Conducting
tests.
6. Random Vibration Testing. Broad-spectrum all-
frequencies-at-once vibration testing. Interpreting
random vibration test standards.
7. Simultaneous multi-axis testing gradually
replacing practice of reorienting device under test (DUT)
on single-axis shakers.
8. Environmental stress screening (ESS) of
electronics production. Extensions to highly accelerated
stress screening (HASS) and to highly accelerated life
testing (HALT).
9. Assisting designers to improve their designs by
(a) substituting materials of greater damping or (b) adding
damping or (c) avoiding "stacking" of resonances.
10. Understanding automotive buzz, squeak and
rattle (BSR). Assisting designers to solve BSR problems.
Conducting BSR tests.
11. Intense noise (acoustic) testing of launch vehicles
and spacecraft.
12. Shock testing. Transportation testing. Pyroshock
testing. Misuse of classical shock pulses on shock test
machines and on shakers. More realistic oscillatory shock
testing on shakers.
13. Shock response spectrum (SRS) for
understanding effects of shock on hardware. Use of SRS
in evaluating shock test methods, in specifying and in
conducting shock tests.
14. Attaching DUT via vibration and shock test
fixtures. Large DUTs may require head expanders and/or
slip plates.
15. Modal testing. Assisting designers.
Summary
This three-day course is primarily designed for
test personnel who conduct, supervise or
"contract out" vibration and shock tests. It also
benefits design, quality and reliability specialists
who interface with vibration and shock test
activities.
Each student receives the instructor's brand
new, minimal-mathematics, minimal-theory
hardbound text Random Vibration & Shock
Testing, Measurement, Analysis & Calibration.
This 444 page, 4-color book also includes a CD-
ROM with video clips and animations.
Instructor
Wayne Tustin is President of Equipment
Reliability Institute (ERI), a
specialized engineering school and
consultancy. His BSEE degree is
from the University of Washington,
Seattle. He is a licensed
Professional Engineer - Quality in
the State of California. Wayne's first encounter
with vibration was at Boeing/Seattle, performing
what later came to be called modal tests, on the
XB-52 prototype of that highly reliable platform.
Subsequently he headed field service and
technical training for a manufacturer of
electrodynamic shakers, before establishing
another specialized school on which he left his
name. Wayne has written several books and
hundreds of articles dealing with practical
aspects of vibration and shock measurement and
testing.
What You Will Learn
• How to plan, conduct and evaluate vibration
and shock tests and screens.
• How to attack vibration and noise problems.
• How to make vibration isolation, damping and
absorbers work for vibration and noise control.
• How noise is generated and radiated, and how
it can be reduced.
From this course you will gain the ability to
understand and communicate meaningfully
with test personnel, perform basic
engineering calculations, and evaluate
tradeoffs between test equipment and
procedures.
Fundamentals of Random Vibration & Shock Testing
for Land, Sea, Air, Space Vehicles & Electronics Manufacture
8. 8 – Vol. 105 Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805
Instructor
Dr. Harold "Bud" Vincent Research Associate
Professor of Ocean Engineering at the University
of Rhode Island and President of DBV
Technology, LLC is a U.S. Naval Officer qualified
in submarine warfare and salvage diving. He has
over twenty years of undersea systems
experience working in industry, academia, and
government (military and civilian). He served on
active duty on fast attack and ballistic missile
submarines, worked at the Naval Undersea
Warfare Center, and conducted advanced R&D in
the defense industry. Dr. Vincent received the
M.S. and Ph.D. in Ocean Engineering
(Underwater Acoustics) from the University of
Rhode Island. His teaching and research
encompasses underwater acoustic systems,
communications, signal processing, ocean
instrumentation, and navigation. He has been
awarded four patents for undersea systems and
algorithms.
March 22-24, 2011
Beltsville, Maryland
$1590 (8:30am - 4:30pm)
"Register 3 or More & Receive $10000 each
Off The Course Tuition."
Summary
This three-day course is designed for SONAR
systems engineers, combat systems engineers,
undersea warfare professionals, and managers
who wish to enhance their understanding of this
discipline or become familiar with the "big picture"
if they work outside of the discipline. Each topic is
illustrated by worked numerical examples, using
simulated or experimental data for actual
undersea acoustic situations and geometries.
Fundamentals of Sonar & Target Motion Analysis
What You Will Learn
• What are of the various types of SONAR
systems in use on Naval platforms today.
• What are the major principles governing their
design and operation.
• How is the data produced by these systems
used operationally to conduct Target Motion
Analysis and USW.
• What are the typical commercial and scientific
uses of SONAR and how do these relate to
military use.
• What are the other military uses of SONAR
systems (i.e. those NOT used to support Target
Motion Analysis).
• What are the major cost drivers for undersea
acoustic systems.
Course Outline
1. Sound and the Ocean Environment.
Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD). Sound
Velocity Profiles.Refraction, Transmission Loss,
Attenuation.
2. SONAR Equations. Review of Active and
Passive SONAR Equations, Decibels, Source
Level, Sound Pressure Level, Intensity Level,
Spectrum Level.
3. Signal Detection. Signals and Noise, Array
Gain, Beamforming, BroadBand, NarrowBand.
4. SONAR System Fundamentals. Review of
major system components in a SONAR system
(transducers, signal conditioning, digitization,
signal processing, displays and controls). Review
of various SONAR systems (Hull, Towed,
SideScan, MultiBeam, ommunications,
Navigation, etc.).
5. SONAR Employment, Data and
Information. Hull arrays, Towed Arrays. Their
utilization to support Target Motion Analysis.
6. Target Motion Analysis (TMA). What it is,
why it is done, how is SONAR used to support it,
what other sensors are required to conduct it.
7. Time-Bearing Analysis. How relative
target motion affects bearing rate, ship
maneuvers to compute passive range estimates
(Ekelund Range). Use of Time-Bearing
information to assess target motion.
8. Time Frequency Analysis. Doppler shift,
Received Frequency, Base Frequency, Corrected
Frequency. Use of Time-Frequency information
to assess target motion.
9. Geographic Analysis. Use of Time-
Bearing and Geographic information to analyze
contact motion.
10. Multi-sensor Data Fusion. SONAR,
RADAR, ESM, Visual.
11. Relative Motion Analysis and Display:
Single steady contact, Single Maneuvering
contact, Multiple contacts, Acoustics Interference.
NEW!
9. Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805 Vol. 105 – 9
April 12-14, 2011
Beltsville, Maryland
$1590 (8:30am - 4:00pm)
"Register 3 or More & Receive $10000 each
Off The Course Tuition."
Fundamentals of Sonar Transducer Design
What You Will Learn
• Acoustic parameters that affect transducer
designs:
Aperture design
Radiation impedance
Beam patterns and directivity
• Fundamentals of acoustic wave transmission in
solids including the basics of piezoelectricity
Modeling concepts for transducer design.
• Transducer performance parameters that affect
radiated power, frequency of operation, and
bandwidth.
• Sonar projector design parameters Sonar
hydrophone design parameters.
From this course you will obtain the knowledge and
ability to perform sonar transducer systems
engineering calculations, identify tradeoffs, interact
meaningfully with colleagues, evaluate systems,
understand current literature, and how transducer
design fits into greater sonar system design.
Instructor
Mr. John C. Cochran is a Sr. Engineering Fellow
with Raytheon Integrated Defense Systems., a
leading provider of integrated solutions for the
Departments of Defense and Homeland Security.
Mr. Cochran has 25 years of experience in the
design of sonar transducer systems. His experience
includes high frequency mine hunting sonar
systems, hull mounted search sonar systems,
undersea targets and decoys, high power
projectors, and surveillance sonar systems. Mr.
Cochran holds a BS degree from the University of
California, Berkeley, a MS degree from Purdue
University, and a MS EE degree from University of
California, Santa Barbara. He holds a certificate in
Acoustics Engineering from Pennsylvania State
University and Mr. Cochran has taught as a visiting
lecturer for the University of Massachusetts,
Dartmouth.
Summary
This three-day course is designed for sonar
system design engineers, managers, and system
engineers who wish to enhance their understanding
of sonar transducer design and how the sonar
transducer fits into and dictates the greater sonar
system design. Topics will be illustrated by worked
numerical examples and practical case studies.
Course Outline
1. Overview. Review of how transducer and
performance fits into overall sonar system design.
2. Waves in Fluid Media. Background on how the
transducer creates sound energy and how this energy
propagates in fluid media. The basics of sound
propagation in fluid media:
• Plane Waves
• Radiation from Spheres
• Linear Apertures Beam Patterns
• Planar Apertures Beam Patterns
• Directivity and Directivity Index
• Scattering and Diffraction
• Radiation Impedance
• Transmission Phenomena
• Absorption and Attenuation of Sound
3. Equivalent Circuits. Transducers equivalent
electrical circuits. The relationship between transducer
parameters and performance. Analysis of transducer
designs:
• Mechanical Equivalent Circuits
• Acoustical Equivalent Circuits
• Combining Mechanical and Acoustical Equivalent
Circuits
4. Waves in Solid Media: A transducer is
constructed of solid structural elements. Background in
how sound waves propagate through solid media. This
section builds on the previous section and develops
equivalent circuit models for various transducer
elements. Piezoelectricity is introduced.
• Waves in Homogeneous, Elastic Solid Media
• Piezoelectricity
• The electro-mechanical coupling coefficient
• Waves in Piezoelectric, Elastic Solid Media.
5. Sonar Projectors. This section combines the
concepts of the previous sections and developes the
basic concepts of sonar projector design. Basic
concepts for modeling and analyzing sonar projector
performance will be presented. Examples of sonar
projectors will be presented and will include spherical
projectors, cylindrical projectors, half wave-length
projectors, tonpilz projectors, and flexural projectors.
Limitation on performance of sonar projectors will be
discussed.
6. Sonar Hydrophones. The basic concepts of
sonar hydrophone design will be reviewed. Analysis of
hydrophone noise and extraneous circuit noise that
may interfere with hydrophone performance.
• Elements of Sonar Hydrophone Design
• Analysis of Noise in Hydrophone and Preamplifier
Systems
• Specific Application in Sonar Hydronpone Design
• Hydrostatic hydrophones
• Spherical hydrophones
• Cylindrical hydrophones
• The affect of a fill fluid on hydrophone performance.
10. 10 – Vol. 105 Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805
Instructors
Joel Garrelick has extensive experience in the
general area of structural acoustics and specifically,
underwater acoustics applications. As a Principal
Scientist for Cambridge Acoustical Associates, Inc.,
CAA/Anteon, Inc. and currently Applied Physical
Sciences, Inc., he has thirty plus years experience
working on various ship/submarine silencing R&D
projects for Naval Sea Systems Command, the Applied
Physics Laboratory of Johns Hopkins University, Office
of Naval Research, Naval Surface Warfare Center and
Naval Research Laboratory. He has also performed
aircraft noise research for the Air Force Research
Laboratory and NASA and is the author of a number of
articles in technical journals. Joel received his B.C.E.
and M.E. from the City College of New York and his
Ph.D in Engineering Mechanics from the City
University of New York.
Paul Arveson served as a civilian employee of the
Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC),
Carderock Division. With a BS degree in
Physics, he led teams in ship acoustic
signature measurement and analysis,
facility calibration, and characterization
projects. He designed and constructed
specialized analog and digital electronic
measurement systems and their sensors and
interfaces, including the system used to calibrate all
the US Navy's ship noise measurement facilities. He
managed development of the Target Strength
Predictive Model for the Navy. He conducted
experimental and theoretical studies of acoustic and
oceanographic phenomena for the Office of Naval
Research. He has published numerous technical
reports and papers in these fields. In 1999 Arveson
received a Master's degree in Computer Systems
Management. He established the Balanced Scorecard
Institute, as an effort to promote the use of this
management concept among governmental and
nonprofit organizations. He is active in various
technical organizations, and is a Fellow in the
Washington Academy of Sciences.
Summary
The course describes the essential mechanisms of
underwater noise as it relates to ship/submarine
silencing applications. The fundamental principles of
noise sources, water-borne and structure-borne noise
propagation, and noise control methodologies are
explained. Illustrative examples will be presented. The
course will be geared to those desiring a basic
understanding of underwater noise and
ship/submarine silencing with necessary mathematics
presented as gently as possible.
A full set of notes will be given to participants as well
as a copy of the text, Mechanics of Underwater Noise,
by Donald Ross.
Course Outline
1. Fundamentals. Definitions, units, sources,
spectral and temporal properties, wave equation,
radiation and propagation, reflection, absorption and
scattering, structure-borne noise, interaction of sound
and structures.
2. Noise Sources in Marine Applications.
Rotating and reciprocating machinery, pumps and
fans, gears, piping systems.
3. Noise Models for Design and Prediction.
Source-path-receiver models, source characterization,
structural response and vibration transmission,
deterministic (FE) and statistical (SEA) analyses.
4. Noise Control. Principles of machinery quieting,
vibration isolation, structural damping, structural
transmission loss, acoustic absorption, acoustic
mufflers.
5. Fluid Mechanics and Flow Induced Noise.
Turbulent boundary layers, wakes, vortex shedding,
cavity resonance, fluid-structure interactions, propeller
noise mechanisms, cavitation noise.
6. Hull Vibration and Radiation. Flexural and
membrane modes of vibration, hull structure
resonances, resonance avoidance, ribbed-plates, thin
shells, anti-radiation coatings, bubble screens.
7. Sonar Self Noise and Reduction. On board and
towed arrays, noise models, noise control for
habitability, sonar domes.
8. Ship/Submarine Scattering. Rigid body and
elastic scattering mechanisms, target strength of
structural components, false targets, methods for echo
reduction, anechoic coatings.
May 3-5, 2011
Beltsville, Maryland
$1690 (8:30am - 4:00pm)
"Register 3 or More & Receive $10000 each
Off The Course Tuition."
Mechanics of Underwater Noise
Fundamentals and Advances in Acoustic Quieting
11. Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805 Vol. 105 – 11
Sonar Principles & ASW Analysis
February 15-18, 2011
Laurel, Maryland
$1795 (8:30am - 4:00pm)
"Register 3 or More & Receive $10000 each
Off The Course Tuition."
Summary
This course provides an excellent introduction to underwater sound and highlights how sonar principles are
employed in ASW analyses. The course provides a solid understanding of the sonar equation and discusses in-
depth propagation loss, target strength, reverberation, arrays, array gain, and detection of signals.
Physical insight and typical results are provided to help understand each term of the sonar equation. The
instructors then show how the sonar equation can be used to perform ASW analysis and predict the performance
of passive and active sonar systems. The course also reviews the rationale behind current weapons and sensor
systems and discusses directions for research in response to the quieting of submarine signatures.
The course is valuable to engineers and scientists who are entering the field or as a review for employees who
want a system level overview. The lectures provide the knowledge and perspective needed to understand recent
developments in underwater acoustics and in ASW. A comprehensive set of notes and the textbook Principles of
Underwater Sound will be provided to all attendees.
Instructors
Dr. Nicholas Nicholas received a B. S. degree from
Carnegie-Mellon University, an M. S.
degree from Drexel University, and a
PhD degree in physics from the Catholic
University of America. His dissertation
was on the propagation of sound in the
deep ocean. He has been teaching
underwater acoustics courses since
1977 and has been visiting lecturer at the U.S. Naval
War College and several universities. Dr. Nicholas has
more than 25 years experience in underwater
acoustics and submarine related work. He is working
for Penn State’s Applied Research Laboratory (ARL).
Dr. Robert Jennette received a PhD degree in
Physics from New York University in
1971. He has worked in sonar system
design with particular emphasis on long-
range passive systems, especially their
interaction with ambient noise. He held
the NAVSEA Chair in Underwater
Acoustics at the US Naval Academy
where he initiated a radiated noise measurement
program. Currently Dr. Jennette is a consultant
specializing in radiated noise and the use of acoustic
monitoring.
Course Outline
1. Sonar Equation & Signal Detection. Sonar
concepts and units. The sonar equation. Typical active
and passive sonar parameters. Signal detection,
probability of detection/false alarm. ROC curves and
detection threshold.
2. Propagation of Sound in the Sea.
Oceanographic basis of propagation, convergence
zones, surface ducts, sound channels, surface and
bottom losses.
3. Target Strength and Reverberation.
Scattering phenomena and submarine strength.
Bottom, surface, and volume reverberation
mechanisms. Methods for modeling reverberations.
4. Elements of ASW Analysis. Fundamentals of
ASW analysis. Sonar principles and ASW analysis,
illustrative sonobuoy barrier model. The use of
operations research to improve ASW.
5. Arrays and Beamforming. Directivity and
array gain; sidelobe control, array patterns and
beamforming for passive bottom, hull mounted, and
sonobuoy sensors; calculation of array gain in
directional noise.
6. Passive Sonar. Illustrations of passive sonars
including sonobuoys, towed array systems, and
submarine sonar. Considerations for passive sonar
systems, including radiated source level, sources of
background noise, and self noise.
7. Active Sonar. Design factors for active sonar
systems including transducer, waveform selection, and
optimum frequency; examples include ASW sonar,
sidescan sonar, and torpedo sonar.
8. Theory and Applications of Current
Weapons and Sensor Systems. An unclassified
exposition of the rationale behind the design of current
Navy acoustic systems. How the choice of particular
parameter values in the sonar equation produces
sensor designs optimized to particular military
requirements. Generic sonars examined vary from
short-range active mine hunting sonars to long-range
passive systems.
What You Will Learn
• Sonar parameters and their utility in ASW Analysis.
• Sonar equation as it applies to active and passive
systems.
• Fundamentals of array configurations,
beamforming, and signal detectability.
• Rationale behind the design of passive and active
sonar systems.
• Theory and applications of current weapons and
sensors, plus future directions.
• The implications and counters to the quieting of the
target’s signature.
12. 12 – Vol. 105 Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805
Sonar Signal Processing
Instructors
James W. Jenkins joined the Johns Hopkins
University Applied Physics
Laboratory in 1970 and has worked
in ASW and sonar systems analysis.
He has worked with system studies
and at-sea testing with passive and
active systems. He is currently a
senior physicist investigating
improved signal processing systems, APB, own-
ship monitoring, and SSBN sonar. He has taught
sonar and continuing education courses since
1977 and is the Director of the Applied
Technology Institute (ATI).
G. Scott Peacock is the Assistant Group
Supervisor of the Systems Group at
the Johns Hopkins University
Applied Physics Lab (JHU/APL). Mr.
Peacock received both his B.S. in
Mathematics and an M.S. in
Statistics from the University of
Utah. He currently manages
several research and development projects that
focus on automated passive sonar algorithms for
both organic and off-board sensors. Prior to
joining JHU/APL Mr. Peacock was lead engineer
on several large-scale Navy development tasks
including an active sonar adjunct processor for
the SQS-53C, a fast-time sonobuoy acoustic
processor and a full scale P-3 trainer.
Summary
This intensive short course provides an
overview of sonar signal processing. Processing
techniques applicable to bottom-mounted, hull-
mounted, towed and sonobuoy systems will be
discussed. Spectrum analysis, detection,
classification, and tracking algorithms for passive
and active systems will be examined and related
to design factors. The impact of the ocean
environment on signal processing performance
will be highlighted. Advanced techniques such as
high-resolution array-processing and matched
field array processing, advanced signal
processing techniques, and sonar automation will
be covered.
The course is valuable for engineers and
scientists engaged in the design, testing, or
evaluation of sonars. Physical insight and
realistic performance expectations will be
stressed. A comprehensive set of notes will be
supplied to all attendees.
What You Will Learn
• Fundamental algorithms for signal
processing.
• Techniques for beam forming.
• Trade-offs among active waveform designs.
• Ocean medium effects.
• Shallow water effects and issues.
• Optimal and adaptive processing.
Course Outline
1. Introduction to Sonar Signal
Processing. ntroduction to sonar detection
systems and types of signal processing
performed in sonar. Correlation processing,
Fournier analysis, windowing, and ambiguity
functions. Evaluation of probability of detection
and false alarm rate for FFT and broadband
signal processors.
2. Beamforming and Array Processing.
Beam patterns for sonar arrays, shading
techniques for sidelobe control, beamformer
implementation. Calculation of DI and array
gain in directional noise fields.
3. Passive Sonar Signal Processing.
Review of signal characteristics, ambient
noise, and platform noise. Passive system
configurations and implementations. Spectral
analysis and integration.
4. Active Sonar Signal Processing.
Waveform selection and ambiguity functions.
Projector configurations. Reverberation and
multipath effects. Receiver design.
5. Passive and Active Designs and
Implementations. Design specifications and
trade-off examples will be worked, and actual
sonar system implementations will be
examined.
6. Advanced Signal Processing
Techniques. Advanced techniques for
beamforming, detection, estimation, and
classification will be explored. Optimal array
processing. Data adaptive methods, super
resolution spectral techniques, time-frequency
representations and active/passive automated
classification are among the advanced
techniques that will be covered.
May 17-19, 2011
Beltsville, Maryland
$1590 (8:30am - 4:00pm)
"Register 3 or More & Receive $10000 each
Off The Course Tuition."
NEW!
13. Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805 Vol. 105 – 13
What You Will Learn
• Principles of underwater sound and the sonar
equation.
• How to solve sonar equations and simulate sonar
performance.
• What models are available to support sonar
engineering and oceanographic research.
• How to select the most appropriate models based on
user requirements.
• Models available at APL.
Instructor
Paul C. Etter has worked in the fields of ocean-
atmosphere physics and environmental
acoustics for the past thirty-five years
supporting federal and state agencies,
academia and private industry. He
received his BS degree in Physics and
his MS degree in Oceanography at
Texas A&M University. Mr. Etter served
on active duty in the U.S. Navy as an Anti-Submarine
Warfare (ASW) Officer aboard frigates. He is the
author or co-author of more than 180 technical reports
and professional papers addressing environmental
measurement technology, underwater acoustics and
physical oceanography. Mr. Etter is the author of the
textbook Underwater Acoustic Modeling and
Simulation (3rd edition).
Summary
This two-day course explains how to translate our
physical understanding of sound in the sea into
mathematical formulas solvable by computers. It
provides a comprehensive treatment of all types of
underwater acoustic models including environmental,
propagation, noise, reverberation and sonar
performance models. Specific examples of each type
of model are discussed to
illustrate model
formulations, assumptions
and algorithm efficiency.
Guidelines for selecting and
using available propagation,
noise and reverberation
models are highlighted.
Demonstrations illustrate the
proper execution and
interpretation of PC-based
sonar models.
Each student will receive a copy of Underwater
Acoustic Modeling and Simulation by Paul C. Etter, in
addition to a complete set of lecture notes.
Underwater Acoustics 201
April 25-26, 2011
Laurel, Maryland
$1225 (8:30am - 4:00pm)
"Register 3 or More & Receive $10000 each
Off The Course Tuition."
Course Outline
1. Introduction. Nature of acoustical
measurements and prediction. Modern
developments in physical and mathematical
modeling. Diagnostic versus prognostic
applications. Latest developments in inverse-
acoustic sensing of the oceans.
2. The Ocean as an Acoustic Medium.
Distribution of physical and chemical properties in
the oceans. Sound-speed calculation,
measurement and distribution. Surface and bottom
boundary conditions. Effects of circulation patterns,
fronts, eddies and fine-scale features on acoustics.
Biological effects.
3. Propagation. Basic concepts, boundary
interactions, attenuation and absorption. Ducting
phenomena including surface ducts, sound
channels, convergence zones, shallow-water ducts
and Arctic half-channels. Theoretical basis for
propagation modeling. Frequency-domain wave
equation formulations including ray theory, normal
mode, multipath expansion, fast field (wavenumber
integration) and parabolic approximation
techniques. Model summary tables. Data support
requirements. Specific examples.
4. Noise. Noise sources and spectra. Depth
dependence and directionality. Slope-conversion
effects. Theoretical basis for noise modeling.
Ambient noise and beam-noise statistics models.
Pathological features arising from inappropriate
assumptions. Model summary tables. Data support
requirements. Specific examples.
5. Reverberation. Volume and boundary
scattering. Shallow-water and under-ice
reverberation features. Theoretical basis for
reverberation modeling. Cell scattering and point
scattering techniques. Bistatic reverberation
formulations and operational restrictions. Model
summary tables. Data support requirements.
Specific examples.
6. Sonar Performance Models. Sonar
equations. Monostatic and bistatic geometries.
Model operating systems. Model summary tables.
Data support requirements. Sources of
oceanographic and acoustic data. Specific
examples.
7. Simulation. Review of simulation theory
including advanced methodologies and
infrastructure tools.
8. Demonstrations. Guided demonstrations
illustrate proper execution and interpretation of PC-
based monostatic and bistatic sonar models.
NEW!
14. 14 – Vol. 105 Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805
Underwater Acoustics for Biologists and Conservation Managers
A comprehensive tutorial designed for environmental professionals
Instructors
Dr. William T. Ellison is president of Marine Acoustics,
Inc., Middletown, RI. Dr. Ellison has over
45 years of field and laboratory experience
in underwater acoustics spanning sonar
design, ASW tactics, software models and
biological field studies. He is a graduate of
the Naval Academy and holds the degrees
of MSME and Ph.D. from MIT. He has
published numerous papers in the field of acoustics and is
a co-author of the 2007 monograph Marine Mammal
Noise Exposure Criteria: Initial Scientific
Recommendations, as well as a member of the ASA
Technical Working Group on the impact of noise on Fish
and Turtles. He is a Fellow of the Acoustical Society of
America and a Fellow of the Explorers Club.
Dr. Orest Diachok is a Marine Biophysicist at the Johns
Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory. Dr.
Diachok has over 40 years experience in acoustical
oceanography, and has published
numerous scientific papers. His career has
included tours with the Naval
Oceanographic Office, Naval Research
Laboratory and NATO Undersea Research
Centre, where he served as Chief
Scientist. During the past 16 years his work
has focused on estimation of biological parameters from
acoustic measurements in the ocean. During this period
he also wrote the required Environmental Assessments for
his experiments. Dr. Diachok is a Fellow of the Acoustical
Society of America.
What You Will Learn
• What are the key characteristics of man-made
sound sources and usage of correct metrics.
• How to evaluate the resultant sound field from
impulsive, coherent and continuous sources.
• How are system characteristics measured and
calibrated.
• What animal characteristics are important for
assessing both impact and requirements for
monitoring/and mitigation.
• Capabilities of passive and active monitoring and
mitigation systems.
From this course you will obtain the knowledge to
perform basic assessments of the impact of
anthropogenic sources on marine life in specific ocean
environments, and to understand the uncertainties in
your assessments.
Summary
This four-day course is designed for biologists, and
conservation managers, who wish to enhance their
understanding of the underlying principles of
underwater and engineering acoustics needed to
evaluate the impact of anthropogenic noise on marine
life. This course provides a framework for making
objective assessments of the impact of various types of
sound sources. Critical topics are introduced through
clear and readily understandable heuristic models and
graphics.
Course Outline
1. Introduction. Review of the ocean
anthropogenic noise issue (public opinion, legal
findings and regulatory approach), current state
of knowledge, and key references summarizing
scientific findings to date.
2. Acoustics of the Ocean Environment.
Sound Propagation, Ambient Noise
Characteristics.
3. Characteristics of Anthropogenic Sound
Sources. Impulsive (airguns, pile drivers,
explosives), Coherent (sonars, acoustic modems,
depth sounder. profilers), Continuous (shipping,
offshore industrial activities).
4. Overview of Issues Related to Impact of
Sound on Marine Wildlife. Marine Wildlife of
Interest (mammals, turtles and fish), Behavioral
Disturbance and Potential for Injury, Acoustic
Masking, Biological Significance, and Cumulative
Effects. Seasonal Distribution and Behavioral
Databases for Marine Wildlife.
5. Assessment of the Impact of
Anthropogenic Sound. Source characteristics
(spectrum, level, movement, duty cycle),
Propagation characteristics (site specific
character of water column and bathymetry
measurements and database), Ambient Noise,
Determining sound as received by the wildlife,
absolute level and signal to noise, multipath
propagation and spectral spread. Appropriate
metrics and how to model, measure and
evaluate. Issues for laboratory studies.
6. Bioacoustics of Marine Wildlife. Hearing
Threshold, TTS and PTS, Vocalizations and
Masking, Target Strength, Volume Scattering and
Clutter.
7. Monitoring and Mitigation Requirements.
Passive Devices (fixed and towed systems),
Active Devices, Matching Device Capabilities to
Environmental Requirements (examples of
passive and active localization, long term
monitoring, fish exposure testing).
8. Outstanding Research Issues in Marine
Acoustics.
June 13-16, 2011
Silver Spring, Maryland
$1890 (8:30am - 4:30pm)
"Register 3 or More & Receive $10000 each
Off The Course Tuition."
NEW!
15. Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805 Vol. 105 – 15
Course Outline
1. Introduction. Nature of acoustical measurements
and prediction. Modern developments in physical and
mathematical modeling. Diagnostic versus prognostic
applications. Latest developments in acoustic sensing of
the oceans.
2. The Ocean as an Acoustic Medium. Distribution
of physical and chemical properties in the oceans.
Sound-speed calculation, measurement and distribution.
Surface and bottom boundary conditions. Effects of
circulation patterns, fronts, eddies and fine-scale
features on acoustics. Biological effects.
3. Propagation. Observations and Physical Models.
Basic concepts, boundary interactions, attenuation and
absorption. Shear-wave effects in the sea floor and ice
cover. Ducting phenomena including surface ducts,
sound channels, convergence zones, shallow-water
ducts and Arctic half-channels. Spatial and temporal
coherence. Mathematical Models. Theoretical basis for
propagation modeling. Frequency-domain wave
equation formulations including ray theory, normal
mode, multipath expansion, fast field and parabolic
approximation techniques. New developments in
shallow-water and under-ice models. Domains of
applicability. Model summary tables. Data support
requirements. Specific examples (PE and RAYMODE).
References. Demonstrations.
4. Noise. Observations and Physical Models. Noise
sources and spectra. Depth dependence and
directionality. Slope-conversion effects. Mathematical
Models. Theoretical basis for noise modeling. Ambient
noise and beam-noise statistics models. Pathological
features arising from inappropriate assumptions. Model
summary tables. Data support requirements. Specific
example (RANDI-III). References.
5. Reverberation. Observations and Physical
Models. Volume and boundary scattering. Shallow-
water and under-ice reverberation features.
Mathematical Models. Theoretical basis for
reverberation modeling. Cell scattering and point
scattering techniques. Bistatic reverberation
formulations and operational restrictions. Data
support requirements. Specific examples (REVMOD
and Bistatic Acoustic Model). References.
6. Sonar Performance Models. Sonar equations.
Model operating systems. Model summary tables. Data
support requirements. Sources of oceanographic and
acoustic data. Specific examples (NISSM and Generic
Sonar Model). References.
7. Modeling and Simulation. Review of simulation
theory including advanced methodologies and
infrastructure tools. Overview of engineering,
engagement, mission and theater level models.
Discussion of applications in concept evaluation, training
and resource allocation.
8. Modern Applications in Shallow Water and
Inverse Acoustic Sensing. Stochastic modeling,
broadband and time-domain modeling techniques,
matched field processing, acoustic tomography, coupled
ocean-acoustic modeling, 3D modeling, and chaotic
metrics.
9. Model Evaluation. Guidelines for model
evaluation and documentation. Analytical benchmark
solutions. Theoretical and operational limitations.
Verification, validation and accreditation. Examples.
10. Demonstrations and Problem Sessions.
Demonstration of PC-based propagation and active
sonar models. Hands-on problem sessions and
discussion of results.
Underwater Acoustic Modeling and Simulation
Summary
The subject of underwater acoustic modeling deals with
the translation of our physical understanding of sound in
the sea into mathematical formulas solvable by
computers.
This course provides a
comprehensive treatment
of all types of underwater
acoustic models including
e n v i r o n m e n t a l ,
propagation, noise,
reverberation and sonar
performance models.
Specific examples of each
type of model are
discussed to illustrate
model formulations,
assumptions and algorithm
efficiency. Guidelines for
selecting and using
available propagation, noise and reverberation models are
highlighted. Problem sessions allow students to exercise
PC-based propagation and active sonar models.
Each student will receive a copy of Underwater
Acoustic Modeling and Simulation by Paul C. Etter, in
addition to a complete set of lecture notes.
Instructor
Paul C. Etter has worked in the fields of ocean-
atmosphere physics and environmental
acoustics for the past thirty years
supporting federal and state agencies,
academia and private industry. He
received his BS degree in Physics and his
MS degree in Oceanography at Texas
A&M University. Mr. Etter served on active
duty in the U.S. Navy as an Anti-
Submarine Warfare (ASW) Officer aboard frigates. He is
the author or co-author of more than 140 technical reports
and professional papers addressing environmental
measurement technology, underwater acoustics and
physical oceanography. Mr. Etter is the author of the
textbook Underwater Acoustic Modeling and Simulation.
What You Will Learn
• What models are available to support sonar
engineering and oceanographic research.
• How to select the most appropriate models based on
user requirements.
• Where to obtain the latest models and databases.
• How to operate models and generate reliable
results.
• How to evaluate model accuracy.
• How to solve sonar equations and simulate sonar
performance.
• Where the most promising international research is
being performed.
April 18-21, 2011
Beltsville, Maryland
$1795 (8:30am - 4:00pm)
"Register 3 or More & Receive $10000 each
Off The Course Tuition."
16. 16 – Vol. 105 Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805
What You Will Learn
• How to attack vibration and noise problems.
• What means are available for vibration and noise control.
• How to make vibration isolation, damping, and absorbers
work.
• How noise is generated and radiated, and how it can be
reduced.
Instructors
Dr. Eric Ungar has specialized in research and
consulting in vibration and noise for
more than 40 years, published over
200 technical papers, and translated
and revised Structure-Borne Sound.
He has led short courses at the
Pennsylvania State University for
over 25 years and has presented
numerous seminars worldwide. Dr. Ungar has
served as President of the Acoustical Society of
America, as President of the Institute of Noise
Control Engineering, and as Chairman of the
Design Engineering Division of the American
Society of Mechanical Engineers. ASA honored him
with it’s Trent-Crede Medal in Shock and Vibration.
ASME awarded him the Per Bruel Gold Medal for
Noise Control and Acoustics for his work on
vibrations of complex structures, structural
damping, and isolation.
Dr. James Moore has, for the past twenty years,
concentrated on the transmission of
noise and vibration in complex
structures, on improvements of noise
and vibration control methods, and on
the enhancement of sound quality.
He has developed Statistical Energy
Analysis models for the investigation
of vibration and noise in complex structures such as
submarines, helicopters, and automobiles. He has
been instrumental in the acquisition of
corresponding data bases. He has participated in
the development of active noise control systems,
noise reduction coating and signal conditioning
means, as well as in the presentation of numerous
short courses and industrial training programs.
Summary
This course is intended for engineers and
scientists concerned with the vibration reduction
and quieting of vehicles, devices, and equipment. It
will emphasize understanding of the relevant
phenomena and concepts in order to enable the
participants to address a wide range of practical
problems insightfully. The instructors will draw on
their extensive experience to illustrate the subject
matter with examples related to the participant’s
specific areas of interest. Although the course will
begin with a review and will include some
demonstrations, participants ideally should have
some prior acquaintance with vibration or noise
fields. Each participant will receive a complete set of
course notes and the text Noise and Vibration
Control Engineering.
Course Outline
1. Review of Vibration Fundamentals from a
Practical Perspective. The roles of energy and force
balances. When to add mass, stiffeners, and damping.
General strategy for attacking practical problems.
Comprehensive checklist of vibration control means.
2. Structural Damping Demystified. Where
damping can and cannot help. How damping is
measured. Overview of important damping
mechanisms. Application principles. Dynamic behavior
of plastic and elastomeric materials. Design of
treatments employing viscoelastic materials.
3. Expanded Understanding of Vibration
Isolation. Where transmissibility is and is not useful.
Some common misconceptions regarding inertia
bases, damping, and machine speed. Accounting for
support and machine frame flexibility, isolator mass
and wave effects, source reaction. Benefits and pitfalls
of two-stage isolation. The role of active isolation
systems.
4. The Power of Vibration Absorbers. How tuned
dampers work. Effects of tuning, mass, damping.
Optimization. How waveguide energy absorbers work.
5. Structure-borne Sound and High Frequency
Vibration. Where modal and finite-element analyses
cannot work. Simple response estimation. What is
Statistical Energy Analysis and how does it work? How
waves propagate along structures and radiate sound.
6. No-Nonsense Basics of Noise and its Control.
Review of levels, decibels, sound pressure, power,
intensity, directivity. Frequency bands, filters, and
measures of noisiness. Radiation efficiency. Overview
of common noise sources. Noise control strategies and
means.
7. Intelligent Measurement and Analysis.
Diagnostic strategy. Selecting the right transducers;
how and where to place them. The power of spectrum
analyzers. Identifying and characterizing sources and
paths.
8. Coping with Noise in Rooms. Where sound
absorption can and cannot help. Practical sound
absorbers and absorptive materials. Effects of full and
partial enclosures. Sound transmission to adjacent
areas. Designing enclosures, wrappings, and barriers.
9. Ducts and Mufflers. Sound propagation in
ducts. Duct linings. Reactive mufflers and side-branch
resonators. Introduction to current developments in
active attenuation.
March 14-17, 2011
Beltsville, Maryland
May 2-5, 2011
Beltsville, Maryland
$1895 (8:30am - 4:00pm)
"Register 3 or More & Receive $10000 each
Off The Course Tuition."
Vibration and Noise Control
New Insights and Developments
17. Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805 Vol. 105 – 17
Summary
This three-day course provides students who already
have a basic understanding of radar a valuable extension
into the newer capabilities being continuously pursued in
our fast-moving field. While the course begins with a quick
review of fundamentals - this to establish a common base
for the instruction to follow - it is best suited for the student
who has taken one of the several basic radar courses
available.
In each topic, the method of instruction is first to
establish firmly the underlying principle and only then are
the current achievements and challenges addressed.
Treated are such topics as pulse compression in which
matched filter theory, resolution and broadband pulse
modulation are briefly reviewed, and then the latest code
optimality searches and hybrid coding and code-variable
pulse bursts are explored. Similarly, radar polarimetry is
reviewed in principle, then the application to image
processing (as in Synthetic Aperture Radar work) is
covered. Doppler processing and its application to SAR
imaging itself, then 3D SAR, the moving target problem
and other target signature work are also treated this way.
Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) is introduced;
the resurgent interest in bistatic radar is discussed.
The most ample current literature (conferences and
journals) is used in this course, directing the student to
valuable material for further study. Instruction follows the
student notebook provided.
Instructor
Bob Hill received his BS degree from Iowa State
University and the MS from the University
of Maryland, both in electrical
engineering. After spending a year in
microwave work with an electronics firm in
Virginia, he was then a ground electronics
officer in the U.S. Air Force and began his
civil service career with the U.S. Navy . He
managed the development of the phased array radar of
the Navy’s AEGIS system through its introduction to the
fleet. Later in his career he directed the development,
acquisition and support of all surveillance radars of the
surface navy.
Mr. Hill is a Fellow of the IEEE, an IEEE “distinguished
lecturer”, a member of its Radar Systems Panel and
previously a member of its Aerospace and Electronic
Systems Society Board of Governors for many years. He
established and chaired through 1990 the IEEE’s series of
international radar conferences and remains on the
organizing committee of these, and works with the several
other nations cooperating in that series. He has published
numerous conference papers, magazine articles and
chapters of books, and is the author of the radar,
monopulse radar, airborne radar and synthetic aperture
radar articles in the McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science
and Technology and contributor for radar-related entries of
their technical dictionary.
March 1-3, 2011
Beltsville, Maryland
May 17-19, 2011
Beltsville, Maryland
$1590 (8:30am - 4:00pm)
"Register 3 or More & Receive $10000 each
Off The Course Tuition."
Course Outline
1. Introduction and Background.
• The nature of radar and the physics involved.
• Concepts and tools required, briefly reviewed.
• Directions taken in radar development and the
technological advances permitting them.
• Further concepts and tools, more elaborate.
2. Advanced Signal Processing.
• Review of developments in pulse compression (matched
filter theory, modulation techniques, the search for
optimality) and in Doppler processing (principles,
"coherent" radar, vector processing, digital techniques);
establishing resolution in time (range) and in frequency
(Doppler).
• Recent considerations in hybrid coding, shaping the
ambiguity function.
• Target inference. Use of high range and high Doppler
resolution: example and experimental results.
3. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR).
• Fundamentals reviewed, 2-D and 3-D SAR, example
image.
• Developments in image enhancement. The dangerous
point-scatterer assumption. Autofocusing methods in
SAR, ISAR imaging. The ground moving target problem.
• Polarimetry and its application in SAR. Review of
polarimetry theory. Polarimetric filtering: the whitening
filter, the matched filter. Polarimetric-dependent phase
unwrapping in 3D IFSAR.
• Image interpretation: target recognition processes
reviewed.
4. A "Radar Revolution" - the Phased Array.
• The all-important antenna. General antenna theory,
quickly reviewed. Sidelobe concerns, suppression
techniques. Ultra-low sidelobe design.
• The phased array. Electronic scanning, methods, typical
componentry. Behavior with scanning, the impedance
problem and matching methods. The problem of
bandwidth; time-delay steering. Adaptive patterns,
adaptivity theory and practice. Digital beam forming. The
"active" array.
• Phased array radar, system considerations.
5. Advanced Data Processing.
• Detection in clutter, threshold control schemes, CFAR.
• Background analysis: clutter statistics, parameter
estimation, clutter as a compound process.
• Association, contacts to tracks.
• Track estimation, filtering, adaptivity, multiple hypothesis
testing.
• Integration: multi-radar, multi-sensor data fusion, in both
detection and tracking, greater use of supplemental
data, augmenting the radar processing.
6. Other Topics.
• Bistatics, the resurgent interest. Review of the basics of
bistatic radar, challenges, early experiences. New
opportunities: space; terrestrial. Achievements
reported.
• Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP), airborne
radar emphasis.
• Ultra-wideband short pulse radar, various claims (well-
founded and not); an example UWB SAR system for
good purpose.
• Concluding discussion, course review.
NEW!
Advanced Developments in Radar Technology
18. 18 – Vol. 105 Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805
Combat Systems Engineering
May 11-12, 2011
Columbia, Maryland
$1590 (8:30am - 4:30pm)
"Register 3 or More & Receive $10000 each
Off The Course Tuition."
Summary
The increasing level of combat system integration and
communications requirements, coupled with shrinking
defense budgets and shorter product life cycles, offers
many challenges and opportunities in the design and
acquisition of new combat systems. This three-day course
teaches the systems engineering discipline that has built
some of the modern military’s greatest combat and
communications systems, using state-of-the-art systems
engineering techniques. It details the decomposition and
mapping of war-fighting requirements into combat system
functional designs. A step-by-step description of the
combat system design process is presented emphasizing
the trades made necessary because of growing
performance, operational, cost, constraints and ever
increasing system complexities.
Topics include the fire control loop and its closure by
the combat system, human-system interfaces, command
and communication systems architectures, autonomous
and net-centric operation, induced information exchange
requirements, role of communications systems, and multi-
mission capabilities.
Engineers, scientists, program managers, and
graduate students will find the lessons learned in this
course valuable for architecting, integration, and modeling
of combat system. Emphasis is given to sound system
engineering principles realized through the application of
strict processes and controls, thereby avoiding common
mistakes. Each attendee will receive a complete set of
detailed notes for the class.
Instructor
Robert Fry worked from 1979 to 2007 at The Johns
Hopkins University Applied Physics
Laboratory where he was a member of the
Principal Professional Staff. He is now
working at System Engineering Group
(SEG) where he is Corporate Senior Staff
and also serves as the company-wide
technical advisor. Throughout his career he
has been involved in the development of
new combat weapon system concepts, development of
system requirements, and balancing allocations within the
fire control loop between sensing and weapon kinematic
capabilities. He has worked on many aspects of the
AEGIS combat system including AAW, BMD, AN/SPY-1,
and multi-mission requirements development. Missile
system development experience includes SM-2, SM-3,
SM-6, Patriot, THAAD, HARPOON, AMRAAM,
TOMAHAWK, and other missile systems.
What You Will Learn
• The trade-offs and issues for modern combat
system design.
• How automation and technology will impact future
combat system design.
• Understanding requirements for joint warfare, net-
centric warfare, and open architectures.
• Communications system and architectures.
• Lessons learned from AEGIS development.
Course Outline
1. Combat System Overview. Combat system
characteristics. Functional description for the
combat system in terms of the sensor and weapons
control, communications, and command and
control. Antiair Warfare. Antisurface Warfare.
Antisubmarine Warfare. Typical scenarios.
2. Sensors/Weapons. Review of the variety of
multi-warfare sensor and weapon suites that are
employed by combat systems. The fire control loop
is described and engineering examples and
tradeoffs are illustrated.
3. Configurations, Equipment, & Computer
Programs. Various combinations of system
configurations, equipments, and computer
programs that constitute existing combat systems.
4. Command & Control. The ship battle
organization, operator stations, and human-
machine interfaces and displays. Use of automation
and improvements in operator displays and
expanded display requirements. Command support
requirements, systems, and experiments.
Improvements in operator displays and expanded
display requirements.
5. Communications. Current and future
communications systems employed with combat
systems and their relationship to combat system
functions and interoperability. Lessons learned in
Joint and Coalition operations. Communications in
the Gulf War. Future systems JTIDS, Copernicus
and imagery.
6. Combat System Development. An overview
of the combat system engineering process,
operational environment trends that affect system
design, limitations of current systems, and proposed
future combat system architectures. System trade-
offs.
7. Network Centric Warfare and the Future.
Exponential gains in combat system performance
as achievable through networking of information
and coordination of weaponry.
8. AEGIS Systems Development - A Case
Study. Historical development of AEGIS. The major
problems and their solution. Systems engineering
techniques, controls, and challenges. Approaches
for continuing improvements such as open
architecture. Applications of principles to your
system assignment. Changing Navy missions,
threat trends, shifts in the defense budget, and
technology growth. Lessons learned during Desert
Storm. Requirements to support joint warfare and
expeditionary forces.
NEW!
19. Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805 Vol. 105 – 19
Course Outline
1. Introduction to Electronic Combat. Radar-
ESM-ECM-ECCM-LPI-Stealth (EC-ES-EA-EP).
Overview of the Threat. Radar Technology Evolution.
EW Technology Evolution. Radar Range Equation.
RCS Reduction. Counter-Low Observable (CLO).
2. Vulnerability of Radar Modes. Air Search
Radar. Fire Control Radar. Ground Search Radar.
Pulse Doppler, MTI, DPCA. Pulse Compression.
Range Track. Angle Track. SAR, TF/TA.
3. Vulnerability/Susceptibility of Weapon
Systems. Semi Active Missiles. Command Guided
Missiles. Active Missiles. TVM. Surface-to-air, air-to-air,
air-to-surface.
4. ESM (ES). ESM/ELINT/RWR. Typical ESM
Systems. Probability of Intercept. ESM Range
Equation. ESM Sensitivity. ESM Receivers. DOA/AOA
Measurement. MUSIC / ESPRIT. Passive Ranging.
5. ECM Techniques (EA). Principals of Electronic
Attack (EA). Noise Jamming vs. Deception. Repeater
vs. Transponder. Sidelobe Jamming vs. Mainlobe
Jamming. Synthetic Clutter. VGPO and RGPO. TB and
Cross Pol. Chaff and Active Expendables. Decoys.
Bistatic Jamming. Power Management, DRFM, high
ERP.
6. ECCM (EP). EP Techniques Overview. Offensive
vs Defensive ECCM. Leading Edge Tracker. HOJ/AOJ.
Adaptive Sidelobe Canceling. STAP. Example Radar-
ES-EA-EP Engagement.
7. EW Systems. Airborne Self Protect Jammer.
Airborne Tactical Jamming System. Shipboard Self-
Defense System.
8. EW Design Illustration. Walk-thru Design of a
Typical ESM/ECM System from an RFP.
9. EW Technology. EW Technology Evolution.
Transmitters. Antennas. Receiver / Processing.
Advanced EW.
Electronic Warfare Overview
Instructor
Duncan F. O’Mara received a B.S from Cornell
University. He earned a M.S. in Mechanical
Engineering from the Naval
Postgraduate School in Monterey, CA.
In the Navy, he was commissioned as a
Reserve Officer in Surface Warfare at
the Officer Candidate School in
Newport, RI. Upon retirement, he
worked as a Principal Operations
Research Analyst with the United States Army at
Aberdeen Proving Grounds on a Secretary of Defense
Joint Test & Evaluation logistics project that introduced
best practices and best processes to the Department
of Defense (DoD) combatant commanders world wide,
especially the Pacific Command. While his wife was
stationed in Italy he was a Visiting Professor in
mathematics for U. of Maryland’s University Campus
Europe. He is now the IWS Chair at the USNA’s
Weapons & Systems Engineering Dept, where he
teaches courses in basic weapons systems and linear
controls engineering, as well as acting as an advisor
for multi-disciplinary senior engineering design
projects, and as Academic Advisor to a company of
freshman and Systems Engineering majors.
March 8-9, 2011
Laurel, Maryland
August 1-2, 2011
Laurel, Maryland
$990 (8:30am - 4:00pm)
"Register 3 or More & Receive $10000 each
Off The Course Tuition."
Summary
This two-day course presents the depth and breadth
of modern Electronic Warfare, covering Ground, Sea,
Air and Space applications, with simple, easy-to-grasp
intuitive principles. Complex mathematics will be
eliminated, while the tradeoffs and complexities of
current and advanced EW and ELINT systems will be
explored. The fundamental principles will be
established first and then the many varied applications
will be discussed. The attendee will leave this course
with an understanding of both the principles and the
practical applications of current and evolving electronic
warfare technology. This course is designed as an
introduction for managers and engineers who need an
understanding of the basics. It will provide you with the
ability to understand and communicate with others
working in the field. A detailed set of notes used in the
class will be provided.
20. 20 – Vol. 105 Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805
Instructors
Patrick Pierson is president of a training,
consulting, and software development company with
offices in the U.S. and U.K. Patrick has more than 23
years of operational experience, and is internationally
recognized as a Tactical Data Link subject matter
expert. Patrick has designed more than 30 Tactical
Data Link training courses and personally trains
hundreds of students around the globe every year.
Steve Upton, a retired USAF Joint Interface Control
Officer (JICO) and former JICO Instructor, is the
Director of U.S. Training Operations for NCS, the
world’s leading provider of Tactical Data Link Training
(TDL). Steve has more than 25 years of operational
experience, and is a recognized Link 16 / JTIDS / MIDS
subject matter expert. Steve’s vast operational
experience includes over 5500 hours of flying time on
AWACS and JSTARS and scenario developer for
dozens of Joint and Coalition exercises at the USAF
Distributed Mission Operation Center (DMOC).
What You Will Learn
• The course is designed to enable the student to be
able to speak confidently and with authority about all
of the subject matter on the right.
The course is suitable for:
• Operators
• Engineers
• Consultants
• Sales staff
• Software Developers
• Business Development Managers
• Project / Program Managers
Summary
The Fundamentals of Link 16 / JTIDS / MIDS is a
comprehensive two-day course designed to give the
student a thorough understanding of every aspect of
Link 16 both technical and tactical. The course is
designed to support both military and industry and
does not require any previous experience or exposure
to the subject matter. The course comes with one-year
follow-on support, which entitles the student to contact
the instructor with course related questions for one
year after course completion.
Course Outline
1. Introduction to Link 16.
2. Link 16 / JTIDS / MIDS Documentation
3. Link 16 Enhancements
4. System Characteristics
5. Time Division Multiple Access
6. Network Participation Groups
7. J-Series Messages
8. JTIDS / MIDS Pulse Development
9. Time Slot Components
10. Message Packing and Pulses
11. JTIDS / MIDS Nets and Networks
12. Access Modes
13. JTIDS / MIDS Terminal Synchronization
14. JTIDS / MIDS Network Time
15. Network Roles
16. JTIDS / MIDS Terminal Navigation
17. JTIDS / MIDS Relays
18. Communications Security
19. JTIDS / MIDS Pulse Deconfliction
20. JTIDS / MIDS Terminal Restrictions
21. Time Slot Duty Factor
22. JTIDS / MIDS Terminals
January 24-25, 2011
Chantilly, Virginia
January 27-28, 2011
Albuquerque, New Mexico
April 4-5, 2011
Chantilly, Virginia
July 18-19, 2011
Chantilly, Virginia
July 21-22, 2011
Albuquerque, New Mexico
$1500 (8:00am - 4:00pm)
"Register 3 or More & Receive $10000 each
Off The Course Tuition."
(U.S. Air Force photo by Tom Reynolds)
Fundamentals of Link 16 / JTIDS / MIDS
21. Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805 Vol. 105 – 21
Fundamentals of Radar Technology
Summary
A three-day course covering the basics of radar,
taught in a manner for true understanding of the
fundamentals, even for the complete newcomer.
Covered are electromagnetic waves, frequency bands,
the natural phenomena of scattering and propagation,
radar performance calculations and other tools used in
radar work, and a “walk through” of the four principal
subsystems – the transmitter, the antenna, the receiver
and signal processor, and the control and interface
apparatus – covering in each the underlying principle
and componentry. A few simple exercises reinforce the
student’s understanding. Both surface-based and
airborne radars are addressed.
Instructor
Bob Hill received his BS degree from Iowa State
University and the MS from the University
of Maryland, both in electrical
engineering. After spending a year in
microwave work with an electronics firm
in Virginia, he was then a ground
electronics officer in the U.S. Air Force
and began his civil service career with the
U.S. Navy . He managed the development of the phased
array radar of the Navy’s AEGIS system through its
introduction to the fleet. Later in his career he directed
the development, acquisition and support of all
surveillance radars of the surface navy.
Mr. Hill is a Fellow of the IEEE, an IEEE “distinguished
lecturer”, a member of its Radar Systems Panel and
previously a member of its Aerospace and Electronic
Systems Society Board of Governors for many years. He
established and chaired through 1990 the IEEE’s series
of international radar conferences and remains on the
organizing committee of these, and works with the
several other nations cooperating in that series. He has
published numerous conference papers, magazine
articles and chapters of books, and is the author of the
radar, monopulse radar, airborne radar and synthetic
aperture radar articles in the McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia
of Science and Technology and contributor for radar-
related entries of their technical dictionary.
Course Outline
First Morning – Introduction
The basic nature of radar and its applications, military
and civil Radiative physics (an exercise); the radar
range equation; the statistical nature of detection
Electromagnetic waves, constituent fields and vector
representation Radar “timing”, general nature, block
diagrams, typical characteristics,
First Afternoon – Natural Phenomena:
Scattering and Propagation. Scattering: Rayleigh point
scattering; target fluctuation models; the nature of
clutter. Propagation: Earth surface multipath;
atmospheric refraction and “ducting”; atmospheric
attenuation. Other tools: the decibel, etc. (a dB
exercise).
Second Morning – Workshop
An example radar and performance calculations, with
variations.
Second Afternoon – Introduction to the
Subsystems.
Overview: the role, general nature and challenges of
each. The Transmitter, basics of power conversion:
power supplies, modulators, rf devices (tubes, solid
state). The Antenna: basic principle; microwave optics
and pattern formation, weighting, sidelobe concerns,
sum and difference patterns; introduction to phased
arrays.
Third Morning – Subsytems Continued:
The Receiver and Signal Processor.
Receiver: preamplification, conversion, heterodyne
operation “image” frequencies and double conversion.
Signal processing: pulse compression. Signal
processing: Doppler-sensitive processing Airborne
radar – the absolute necessity of Doppler processing.
Third Afternoon – Subsystems: Control and
Interface Apparatus.
Automatic detection and constant-false-alarm-rate
(CFAR) techniques of threshold control. Automatic
tracking: exponential track filters. Multi-radar fusion,
briefly Course review, discussion, current topics and
community activity.
The course is taught from the student notebook
supplied, based heavily on the open literature and
with adequate references to the most popular of
the many textbooks now available. The student’s
own note-taking and participation in the exercises
will enhance understanding as well.
February 15-17, 2011
Beltsville, Maryland
May 3-5, 2011
Beltsville, Maryland
$1590 (8:30am - 4:00pm)
"Register 3 or More & Receive $10000 each
Off The Course Tuition."
22. 22 – Vol. 105 Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805
Fundamentals of Rockets and Missiles
March 8-10, 2011
Beltsville, Maryland
$1590 (8:30am - 4:00pm)
"Register 3 or More & Receive $10000 each
Off The Course Tuition."
Summary
This course provides an overview of rockets and missiles
for government and industry officials with limited technical
experience in rockets and missiles. The course provides a
practical foundation of knowledge in rocket and missile issues
and technologies. The seminar is designed for engineers,
technical personnel, military specialist, decision makers and
managers of current and future projects needing a more
complete understanding of the complex issues of rocket and
missile technology The seminar provides a solid foundation in
the issues that must be decided in the use, operation and
development of rocket systems of the future. You will learn a
wide spectrum of problems, solutions and choices in the
technology of rockets and missile used for military and civil
purposes.
Attendees will receive a complete set of printed notes.
These notes will be an excellent future reference for current
trends in the state-of-the-art in rocket and missile technology
and decision making.
Instructor
Edward L. Keith is a multi-discipline Launch Vehicle System
Engineer, specializing in integration of launch
vehicle technology, design, modeling and
business strategies. He is currently an
independent consultant, writer and teacher of
rocket system technology. He is experienced
in launch vehicle operations, design, testing,
business analysis, risk reduction, modeling,
safety and reliability. He also has 13-years of government
experience including five years working launch operations at
Vandenberg AFB. Mr. Keith has written over 20 technical
papers on various aspects of low cost space transportation
over the last two decades.
Course Outline
1. Introduction to Rockets and Missiles. The Classifications
of guided, and unguided, missile systems is introduced. The
practical uses of rocket systems as weapons of war, commerce
and the peaceful exploration of space are examined.
2. Rocket Propulsion made Simple. How rocket motors and
engines operate to achieve thrust. Including Nozzle Theory, are
explained. The use of the rocket equation and related Mass
Properties metrics are introduced. The flight environments and
conditions of rocket vehicles are presented. Staging theory for
rockets and missiles are explained. Non-traditional propulsion is
addressed.
3. Introduction to Liquid Propellant Performance, Utility
and Applications. Propellant performance issues of specific
impulse, Bulk density and mixture ratio decisions are examined.
Storable propellants for use in space are described. Other
propellant Properties, like cryogenic properties, stability, toxicity,
compatibility are explored. Mono-Propellants and single
propellant systems are introduced.
4. Introducing Solid Rocket Motor Technology. The
advantages and disadvantages of solid rocket motors are
examined. Solid rocket motor materials, propellant grains and
construction are described. Applications for solid rocket motors as
weapons and as cost-effective space transportation systems are
explored. Hybrid Rocket Systems are explored.
5. Liquid Rocket System Technology. Rocket Engines, from
pressure fed to the three main pump-fed cycles, are examined.
Engine cooling methods are explored. Other rocket engine and
stage elements are described. Control of Liquid Rocket stage
steering is presented. Propellant Tanks, Pressurization systems
and Cryogenic propellant Management are explained.
6. Foreign vs. American Rocket Technology and Design.
How the former Soviet aerospace system diverged from the
American systems, where the Russians came out ahead, and
what we can learn from the differences. Contrasts between the
Russian and American Design philosophy are observed to provide
lessons for future design. Foreign competition from the end of the
Cold War to the foreseeable future is explored.
7. Rockets in Spacecraft Propulsion. The difference
between launch vehicle booster systems, and that found on
spacecraft, satellites and transfer stages, is examined The use of
storable and hypergolic propellants in space vehicles is explained.
Operation of rocket systems in micro-gravity is studied.
8. Rockets Launch Sites and Operations. Launch Locations
in the USA and Russia are examined for the reason the locations
have been chosen. The considerations taken in the selection of
launch sites are explored. The operations of launch sites in a more
efficient manner, is examined for future systems.
9. Rockets as Commercial Ventures. Launch Vehicles as
American commercial ventures are examined, including the
motivation for commercialization. The Commercial Launch Vehicle
market is explored.
10. Useful Orbits and Trajectories Made Simple. The
student is introduced to simplified and abbreviated orbital
mechanics. Orbital changes using Delta-V to alter an orbit, and
the use of transfer orbits, are explored. Special orbits like
geostationary, sun synchronous and Molnya are presented.
Ballistic Missile trajectories and re-entry penetration is examined.
11. Reliability and Safety of Rocket Systems. Introduction
to the issues of safety and reliability of rocket and missile systems
is presented. The hazards of rocket operations, and mitigation of
the problems, are explored. The theories and realistic practices of
understanding failures within rocket systems, and strategies to
improve reliability, is discussed.
12. Expendable Launch Vehicle Theory, Performance and
Uses. The theory of Expendable Launch Vehicle (ELV)
dominance over alternative Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLV) is
explored. The controversy over simplification of liquid systems as
a cost effective strategy is addressed.
13. Reusable Launch Vehicle Theory and Performance.
The student is provided with an appreciation and understanding of
why Reusable Launch Vehicles have had difficulty replacing
expendable launch vehicles. Classification of reusable launch
vehicle stages is introduced. The extra elements required to bring
stages safely back to the starting line is explored. Strategies to
make better RLV systems are presented.
14. The Direction of Technology. A final open discussion
regarding the direction of rocket technology, science, usage and
regulations of rockets and missiles is conducted to close out the
class study.
Who Should Attend
• Aerospace Industry Managers.
• Government Regulators, Administrators and
sponsors of rocket or missile projects.
• Engineers of all disciplines supporting rocket and
missile projects.
• Contractors or investors involved in missile
development.
• Military Professionals.
What You Will Learn
• Fundamentals of rocket and missile systems.
• The spectrum of rocket uses and technologies.
• Differences in technology between foreign and
domestic rocket systems.
• Fundamentals and uses of solid and liquid rocket
systems.
• Differences between systems built as weapons and
those built for commerce.
