Twin Taung Hill An extinct volcano whose crater now forms a beautiful lake. The surrounding area has lush vegetation, and there are lovely views of the area from the rim of this crater lake. The lakes Algae is used in the production of vitamin E so I've been told hence the work signs at the Burmese production plant. Algae acquire vitamin B12 through a symbiotic relationship with bacteria. The Lower Chindwin is an area of around seven or eight explosion craters, located some 30 km (20 mi) northwest of the town of Monywa in the Sagaing Region, Burma (Myanmar). The volcanoes originate from the late Pliocene and Pleistocene times. The craters are dormant (Smithsonian volcano number = 275090). In the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution[1] no information on Holocene eruptions, dating back 10,000 years, is listed. The major rock types of the group are Basalt, Rhyolite, Dacite and Andesite. Three to four craters have lakes, one of which is east of the Chindwin river, the others are to the west. The eastern lake is named Twin Taung (or Twindaung), the others Taung Pyauk, Twyn Ma and Yay Khar. In the lakes the cyanobacteria Spirulina (often called blue-green algae) grows. It is harvested, dried and sold as medicine. At the end of 2014 it was reported that the Government of Myanmar planned to nominate Twin Taung Lake for inclusion on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

1. http://yinamrbin.myanmarbloggers.org Powered by:
uRefawmfwdkY avYvma&;0goem&SiftzGJU[m 2008ckESpf? 'DZifbmvu rHk&GmrSaeí ,mBuD;-uav;0
vrf;twdkif; rmZ'g *spfum;av;eJY eHeufapmapm c&D;pwifxGufcGmcJYMuygw,f/ ,mBuD;buf rdkifwdkiftrSwf 13
rdkifcefYta&muf vrf;nmbufudk csdK;auGU0ifcJYw,f/ vnf&SnfqdkwYJ &Gmr0ifcifvrf;ta&SUbufrSm {&mr csdKifhBuD;
awGUvdkuf&w,f/ uRefawmfwdkYtzGJUxJu rsdK;jrifhOD;(rsdK;okc-acsmif;OD;)u ]]q&mBuD; tJ'g wGif;awmifBuD;vm;As}}
vdkY ar;vdkufygw,f/
q&mBuD;OD;armifarmifu ]]'g wGif;awmifr[kwfao;ygbl;/ aemuf oHk;rdkifavmuf oGm;NyD;rS awGU&rSm?
ckawGUwmu obm0csdKifhBuD;yJ? 'DxJrSm 'D&Gmu vlawG pdkufysdK;pm;aomufaeMuwm}} vdkY ajzygw,f/
wGif;&GmqdkwJY&GmxJjzwfarmif;ESifvmcJYMuw,f/ wGif;awmifac:wJY tif;a&jyifBuD;ukd rawGU&ao;bl;/ &Gmv,f
ta&mufrSm ar;MunfhawmY &Gmawmifbuf pmoifausmif;ab;uae ta&SUbufrSm vrf;&SdaMumif; ajymjyMuw,f/

2. http://yinamrbin.myanmarbloggers.org Powered by:
&Gmawmifbufudk txGufrSm b,fbufudkMunfhvdkufawmY tvGefeufNyD; rwfapmufwJY acsmufurf;yg;vsdKBuD;
awGUvdkuf&w,f/ ajymjywJYvrf;twdkif; um;qufarmif;oGm;awmYrS wGif;awmif0&JU ta&SUajrmufxdyfudk a&mufoGm;w,f/
tJ'Dae&mrSm um;&yfxm;cJYNyD; a&Tvrf;ayguf&Gm? ywfMum;&Gm pmoifausmif;&SdwJY wGif;awmifxdyf0uae wGif;xJqif;wJY
vrf;twdkif; wpfzGJUvHk; ajcvsifqif;avQmufcJYMuw,f/
uRefawmfuyJ pwifNyD; ]]q&mBuD; 'DwGif;awmifawGeJY ywfoufvdkY uRefawmfi,fi,fwkef;u aoG;aomufr*¾Zif;
rSm pma&;q&m avol&JwpfOD; a&;xm;wJY aqmif;ygrSm zwfcJYbl;w,f/ tJ'D aqmif;yg;rSmawmY vGefcJYwJY
ESpfoef;aygif;rsm;pGmu urÇmjzpfwnfNyD;pumvrSm aumif;uifu OuúmcJBuD;wpfck csif;wGif;jrpfta&SUbufrSm jyKwfus
xdrSefcJYw,f/ 'DOuúmcJBuD; t&Sdefjyif;jyif;eJY urÇmukd yxrtBudrf 0ifaqmifhrSefwJY twGufaMumifh csif;wGif;ta&SUbufrSm
tay:,Hajrom; cGuf0ifNyD; usif;BuD;jzpfcJYw,f/aqmifUwJUt&Sefjyif;tm;rsm;wmaMumifUOuúmcJMuD; ckefxGufvGifUpif
oGm;jyefw,f/yxrtMuDrfavmuft&Sdefrjyif;awmUayrJU tayg,Hajrom;cGuf0ifjyD; usif;wckjzpfcJUjyefw,f/0ifUaqmifUwJU
t&Sdefjyif;tm;odyfUrrsm;ayrJUOuúmcJMuD; ckefxGufvGGifUoGm;jyefw,f/wwd,tMuDrfrSmawmU 'kwd,usif;eJUreD;ra0;udk
0ifaqmifUxdrSefjyefw,f/tayg,Hajrom;cGuf0ifjyD; usi;fi,fwpfckjzpfcJUjyefygw,f/tJ'Duae t&SdefaovGifUpOf
oGm;cJUw,f/
wGif;awmif&Icif; wpfae&m
'DvdkOuúmcJMuD; urmÇajrvTmudk oHk;MuDrfxdrSefjyD;awmUrS wwd,usif;eJU reD;ra0;rSm &yfwefUoGm;w,f/
aemufjyD; tckacgaeMuwJU 0g;pdrf;awmifacg 0Zifawmiftjzpf a&mufoGm;w,f q&mMuD;/ jzpfEkdifrjzpfEdkifawmU
uRefawmf OmPfrrDbl;/ blrdynm&SifawGtm;vHk;uawmU 'DwGif;awG[m rD;awmifawGvdkyJ vufcHMuw,fvdkUodxm;w,f/
q&mMuD;ua&m b,fvdkxifrdovJvdkU ajym&if;ar;vdkufw,f/
]]taxGaxGrefae*smMuD; ajymwm&,f? vufawGUckjrifawGU&wm&,fudk MunfUajym&&ifawmU aqmif;yg;&Sif
a&;om;xm;wm vufcH&rvdk jzpfaew,f/ uRefawmftawGUtMuHKt& awGUbl;wJUrD;awmifawGvdk rD;awmifvu©Pm
rawGU&bl;/ OuúmysH&JUjyif;tm;aMumifU tay:urÇmajrom; avmifuRrf;xm;wJY vu©myJvdkY xifw,f/ awGUcJYzl;wJY
rD;awmifacsmfrsdK; r[kwfbl;/ obm0ajrjyefYuae edrfYusuRH0ifcJYwJY 'Dusif;BuD;? tif;BuD;[m rD;awmifeJY vHk;0rwl
bl;}}vdkY OD;armifarmifu ajymw,f/
uRefawmfu ]]q&mBuD;u tJ'Dvdk ,lqovdk uRefawmfYoli,fcsif; pufrItif*sifeD,m OD;xGef;atmifuvnf;
q&mBuD;vdkyJ awG;w,f/ olawG;xifwmu 'DOuúmcJBuD;[m urÇmajrukd t&SdefeJY0ifaqmifhr,f? urÇmBuD;wnfcgp

3. http://yinamrbin.myanmarbloggers.org Powered by:
tay:,Hat;cJaewJY ajrom;xku cGuf0ifuRH0ifr,f/ 'grSr[kwf twGif;u ylaewJY acsmf&nfxdwJYtxd aygufoGm;cJY
Edkifw,fvdkY ,lqw,f/ tJ'Dacsmf&nfxGufvmrS rD;awmiftoGif aqmifwmjzpfEdkifw,f/ Oyrm ay;ajym&&if
vdar®mfoD;? oHy&moD;? a&SmufoD;? a&Smufyef;oD; qdkygawmY/ tJ'DtoD;awG tay:tcGHrSm rmausmwJY cJvHk;ukd
t&Sdefcyfjyif;jyif;eJY ypfMunfh&if? ckefxGufwmjzpfEdkifovdk t&Sdtay:rlwnfNyD; tcGHaygufNyD; twGif;om; t&nfawG
xGufvmovkdvnf; jzpfEdkifr,fvdkY ol ,lqxm;w,f/ 'gvnf; jzpfEdkifajc&Sdygw,f/
refae*smBuD; oli,fcsif;ajymwmvnf; pOf;pm;awG;Munfhp&myJ 'DvdkjzpfcJY&if OuúmcJBuD; urÇmajrBuD;ukd
oHk;BudrfckefrSefNyD; usif;awG&JU ab;rSma&mufoGm;cJYwm jzpfEdkifaeNyD/}}
uRefawmfu ]]q&mBuD; uRefawmf Mum;rdoavmufajym&&if 10wefavmuf&SdwJY OuúmcJa<uuscJY&if
wDtifefwD(TNT) ,rf;bDvl;wefcsdef 300eJY jyif;tm;nDrQwJY aygufuGJrIjzpfEdkifaMumif; pmxJrSm zwfzl;w,f/
'DawmY OuúmcJBuD; usvmxdvm&ifawmY rD;awmifaygufuGJ tyltrsm;BuD;xGufrSm aocsmw,f/ NyD;awmY OuúmcJrsm;
[m teufa&mif&SdNyD; yHkrSefausmufcJrsm;xuf ydkrdkav;vHum oH"gwfyg&Sdwwfw,fvdkY qdkxm;w,f/ uRefawmfYtawGU
tBuHKt& 'kwd,urÇmppfwkef;u uRefawmfwdkY&GmteD;u rD;&xm;oHvrf;wHwm;ay:udk av,mOfu AHk;BuJcswm
wHwm;ukdrxdbJ teD;tem;rSm usuGJcJYwm t0 tcsif; ay 100 ausmfNyD; teuf ay 60 avmuf&SdwJY usif;BuD;
awG jzpfukefw,f/ rdk;&Gm&if a&0ifvmawmY 'DAHk;usif;a&udk &Gmol&Gmom;awG a&csdKtjzpf oHk;cJYMu&w,f/ 'DvdkyJ
ppfukdif;wdkif;twGif; bkwvifNrdKUe,feJY ueDNrdKUe,frSm&SdwJY 'DwGif;BuD; oHk;wGif;jzpfpOfeJY wGif;oHk;wGif; BuD;pOfi,fvdkuf
wpfajzmifhwnf;jzpfaejcif;u wpfrl xl;jcm;aew,f/}}
uRefawmfwdkYtzGJUxJu OD;wifatmifu ]]'DrSm q&mBuD;? 'DausmufwHk;u aygYaygYav;jzpfaew,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJ
rodbl;}}vdkY ar;vdkuf&m-
q&mBuD;u ]]'g rD;oifhavmifxm;wJY acsmfwHk;jzpfr,f/ 'Dvdk ausmufwHk;rsdK;u a&ay:rSm ay:Edkifavmufw,f/
taxGaxGrefae*smBuD; 'DrSm aumYpwpfcsufvdkY&w,f/ NyD;awmY bdvyfajrtaeeJYoHk;wJY ydkqdkvrfawGvnf;&Sdw,f/
oGm;MunfhMur,f/}}
ydkqdkvrfrsm; vdkufvHMunfh&IUMu&if; 15rdepfavmuf qif;rdvdkufawmY trSwf(1)pufrI0efBuD;Xme&JU pdrf;jyma&nSd
xkwfvkyfa&;pcef;ukd a&mufoGm;w,f/ wm0efcH OD;EdkifOD;r&SdvdkY olUukd,fpm; OD;aygodef;u &Sif;jyvdkY xkefvkyfyHkenf;pOf
tqifhqifhukd avYvmod&SdcJY&ygw,f/ ]]uRefawmfwdkYa&mufaewJY wGif;awmif odkYr[kwf tif;uawmY wGif;rtif;
wGif;awmif&Sd uefa&jyif

4. http://yinamrbin.myanmarbloggers.org Powered by:
jzpfygw,f/ OD;aygodef;u csif;wGif;jzpfta&SUzuf bkwvife,f wGif;awmiftif;u {u 200 us,f0ef;w,f/
csif;wGif;jzpf taemufbufu eDe,f wGif;rtif;u {u 150 us,f0ef;NyD;? awmifaysmuftif;u 75 {u
us,f0ef;w,f}} vkdY ajymjyygw,f/
pdrf;jyma&nSd[m tif;a&jyifu atmuf ay 20avmufrSm &Sdaewmjzpfw,f/ ay 20atmufrSmawmY
obm0a&MunfjzpfvdkY tif;ab; b,fae&mwl;wl; a&Munfa&oefY&w,fvdkY od&ygw,f/ pdrf;jyma&nSd arG;zdkYtwGuf
tvsm; 150ay _ teH 150ay? teuf 2ay &SdwJY uefuav;awG tif;ab;rSm zefwD;ay;&ygw,f/ a&nSdyif
atmifjrifjzpfxGef;zdkYtwGuf ,l&D,m;? wDplygeJY qm;cg; vdktyfovdkauR;NyD; pdkufysdK;&ygw,f/ ppfudkif;buf
a&cg;tif;rSmvnf; pdkufysdK;xm;aMumif; &Sif;vif;ajymjyygw,f/
bkwvife,fu wGif;awmifrSm ydkqdkvrf yrmPwdkif;wmNyD; pwifxkwfvkyfaeNyDjzpfaMumif;? 'D wGif;rtif;
rSmvnf; wdkif;wmxm;NyD;jzpfaMumif; &Sif;vif;ajymMum;ay;ygw,f/ 1996ckESpf twGif;u xkwfwJY uaemifpufrI
pD;yGm; *sme,ftwGJ(3) trSwf(4)rSm a'gufwmrif;odef; a&;xm;wJY aqmif;yg;ukd jyygw,f/ ueDe,f wGif;rtif;eJY
awmifaysmuftif;eJY ywfoufwJY tcsuftvufawGudkvnf; &Sif;jyygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYtzGJrSmygwJY OD;av;usif;
wGif;awmifukd teD;wpfae&mrS vSrf;jrif&pOf
aygYyg;aom acsmfausmufwHk;wpfwHk;ukd awGU&pOf

5. http://yinamrbin.myanmarbloggers.org Powered by:
uawmY uifr&mwpfvHk;eJY rSwfwrf;tm;vHk; &dkuf,l &Icif;awGvnf; &dkuful;cJYygw,f/ tcsuftvufawGuawmY-
wGif;rtif;(ueD)a&jyif - {&d,m{u 150wGif;rtif;(ueD)a&jyif - {&d,m{u 150wGif;rtif;(ueD)a&jyif - {&d,m{u 150wGif;rtif;(ueD)a&jyif - {&d,m{u 150wGif;rtif;(ueD)a&jyif - {&d,m{u 150
1/ wGif;ywf0ef;usif ajrjyiftjrifh 400 ay
2/ tjrifhqHk;ae&m 800 ay
3/ wGif;ywf0ef;usifrS a&jyifxd teuf 146ay
4/ a&rsufESmjyiftjrifh 254.32 ay
5/ wGif;EIwfcrf; t0ef; 18,000 ay
6/ a&uef t0ef; 10,520 ay
7/ a&teufqHk;ae&m 115 ay
8/ a&jyif{&d,m 150 ay
9/ P.H 9.5 - 10.5
10/ tajccH"mwfqm; umAGefedwf
11/ vkyfief;pwifonfh&uf 15-9-93
awmifaysmuftif;(ueD) - a&jyif{&d,m{u 75awmifaysmuftif;(ueD) - a&jyif{&d,m{u 75awmifaysmuftif;(ueD) - a&jyif{&d,m{u 75awmifaysmuftif;(ueD) - a&jyif{&d,m{u 75awmifaysmuftif;(ueD) - a&jyif{&d,m{u 75
Taung Pyauk Lake (Kani) 75 Acres
1/ wGif; ywf0ef;usifajrjyiftjrifh 400 ay
2/ tjrifhqHk;ae&m 720 ay
3/ wGif;ywf0ef;usifrS a&jyifxd teuf ay200
4/ a&rsufESmjyif tjrifh 249 ay
5/ wGif;EIwfcrf;t0ef; 135,400 ay
6/ a&ueft0ef; 7,260 ay
awmifurf;yg;&HESpfckMum;rS vSrf;jrifae&onfh wGif;awmiftvS

6. http://yinamrbin.myanmarbloggers.org Powered by:
7/ a&teufqHk;ae&m 70 ay
8/ a&jyif{&d,m 75 ay
9/ P.H 8 - 10
10/ tajccH"mwfqm; umAGefedwf
11/ pcef;ajr{&d,m 4.030 {u
12/ vkyfief;pwifonfh&uf 15-9-93
tif;a&uefywfvnfrSmawmY tkef;? iSufaysm? uGrf;? ESrf;? ajymif;eJY z&J yifawG pdkufxm;wmudk awGU&yg
w,f/ a'ocHwpfOD;ukd uRefawmfu ]]'Dtif;xJrSm b,fvdka&owÅ0gawG aewm awGUrdovJ? 'D&GmrSmaeolawG
aomufa&csdK;a& b,fvdkae&ovJ}} vdkYar;awmY olu-
]]'Dtif;a&xJrSmawmY b,fa&owÅ0grS touf&SifraeEdkifygbl;/ wGif;em;rSm wGif;ydk;eJY a&Muufac:wJY
xef;oD;rIwfiSufyJ &Sdw,f/ tif;&JU ab;ywfywfvnf b,fae&mwl;wl; a&csdKawGU&ygw,f/ tck jrifae&wJY
tif;ajrmufbufae&mrSm tjrJwrf; xGufaewJY prf;acsmif;u a&vnf;&ygw,f}} vdkY jyefajzw,f/
]]'DwGif;rtif;eJY ywfoufvdkY xl;xl;jcm;jcm;jzpfpOf vlBuD;olrawG ajymxm;orQ bmawGMum;odcJYzl;ao;vJ}}
vdkY qufar;awmY -
]]uRefawmfi,fi,fwkef;u 'Da&jyifrSm e*g;vdk owÅ0g&Sdw,f? rMumcP ay:w,fvdkY vlBuD;awGu
ajymNyD; oGm;uyfrMunfhzdkY taotcsmrSmw,f/ xl;jcm;wmuawmY qlemrDjzpfwkef; 26-12-04 eHeuf 7em&Davmuf
rSm urf;pyfu ay 60avmuftxd vdIif;xNyD; a&wufvmw,f/ ig;rdepfausmfavmuf MumawmYrS rlvae&mjyefus
oGm;w,f/ 'DwGif;rtif;eJY awmifaysmuftif; a'owpf0dkufe,fajr[m yef;yJarmifwifhw,fydkifwJY e,fawGjzpfw,f/
'De,fxJrSm yef;yJvkyf&if? wlxk&if vHk;0rBudKufbl;/ ESpfpOfewfyGJ usif;yay;Mu&w,f/}}
]][kwfr,f q&mBuD;a&? yef;yJarmifwifhw,f[m waumif;uae a&Smifwdrf;&if; 'D wGif;rtif;? awmifaysmuf
tif;rS aysmfpHwJY e*g;r,f r,feabeJY arwåmrQ aygif;oif;cJYMuw,fvdkY qdkw,f? om;ESpfa,mufawmif xGef;um;cJY
wm? tazjzpfol armifwifhw,f taumufBuHowfjzwfcH&NyD;aemuf olwdkYnDtpfudk vlvm;ajrmufwJYtcsdefrSm
'Gwåabmifrif;BuD; tkyfpdk;aewJYtcsdefvdkY zwf&zl;w,f/ olwdkY nDtpfudk[m cGeftm;Av tifrwefBuD;NyD; vuf?
ajcmufzufygw,f/ tpGrf;vnf; xufw,f/ 'Gwåabmifrif;BuD;u tmZmenf ol&Jaumif;? rif;avmif;ay:r,f
pdrf;jyma&nSd(ajcmuf)

7. http://yinamrbin.myanmarbloggers.org Powered by:
ta[m&SdwmeJY aMumufvefYNyD; olwdkYESpfa,mufudk eef;wGif;ac:,lcpm;apw,f/ tzdk;wpfodef;pD wefwJY t0wfawG
0wfqifapNyD; nDtpfudkcsif; vufa0SUxdk;owfapcJYw,f/ ESpfOD;pvHk; emusiftarmqdkYNyD; aoqHk;ukefMuawmYw,f/
nDu t&ifaoNyD; tpfudku aemufrSaow,f/ awmifrif;BuD; &SifndKeJY ajrmufrif;BuD; &SifjzL ewfawG jzpfoGm;Mu
w,fvdkY ewfordkif;rSm a&;xm;wm zwf&w,f/}}
a'ocHvli,fuyJ ]]wGif;rBuD;eJY reD;ra0; awmifaysmuftif;eJY ywfoufwJY '@m&DyHkjyifwpfckvnf;
&Sdao;w,f/ armifESrESpfa,muf a&wGif;wpfwGif;pD wl;MuzdkY qHk;jzwfMuw,f/ ESrjzpfolu a&wGif;wl;aew,f/
a&xGufzdkY BudK;pm;aew,f/ tpfudkjzpfolu rl;&l;aomufpm; aysmfyg;aevdkY wGif;rwl;EdkifcJYbl;/ olwl;r,fYae&m
teD;awmifuav;udk OuúmcJwpfck usa&mufxdrSefvGifhpifcJYw,f/ 'Dawmifuav;u ck&Gmtaemufbuf ausmufyHkawG
tjzpf&SdaewmvdkY ajymprSwfjyKMuygw,f/ awmifaysmufoGm;wJYae&m&SdwJYtif;ukd awmifaysmuftif;vdkY tpGJjyKMuw,fvdkY
od&w,f/}}
uRefawmfwdkYtzGJU awmifaysmuftif; roGm;jzpfMuawmYbJ jyefvmcJYMuw,f/ a*gyutzGJU OuúX OD;usm;u
vdkufvH&Sif;jyygw,f/ tavmif;pnfolrif;u azmifeYJvmwnfxm;wm r[kwfbJ qifawGeJYvmNyD; wnfw,fvdkY
od&w,f/ bk&m;y&0kPftwGif; ausmufwdkif? ausmufxD;? ausmufoydwf? ausmufMumuvyf? ausmufajcawmf&m
tavmif;pnfolrif; qifjzifhvmí wnfxm;onfh wGif;awmifteD;rS
rka|mapwDESifh ausmufxD;
pdrf;jyma&nSd(ajcmuf)

8. http://yinamrbin.myanmarbloggers.org Powered by:
rsm;udk oJausmuftxl;jyK xGif;xkylaZmfxm;ygw,f/ apwDrSm wwd,ypö,m txufydkif;rSm &SpfajrmifhyHkjzpfNyD;
aMu;jym;rsm;eJY ouFef;uyfvSLylaZmfxm;wm xl;jcm;vSw,f/ ausmufpm0dkif;wpfcsyfukd awGUvdkufwmeJY q&mBuD;
OD;armifarmifu ]]'Dausmufpm0dkif;[m Xmyemwdkuf wpfckck&JUtydwfjzpfr,f/ usdefpmawG a&;xm;w,f/ 'grsdK;
rawGUzl;ao;bl;}}vdkY ajymw,f/
wGif;&Gmae &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;&JU xl;jcm;wJY "avYuawmY &SifjyKyGJawGrSm bk&m;qif;wkawmf tenf;qHk;wpfql
uefawmYyGJxJ rygrjzpf uyfvSLylaZmfjcif;ygyJ/ ckawmY 'D"avY aysmufuG,fpjyKaeygNyD/ a'ocHawGtajymt&
csif;wGif;jrpfa&wufcsdef tif;a&usNyD;? csif;wGif;jrpfa&uscsdefrSm tif;a&wufw,fqdkwm xl;jcm;ygw,f/ tay:a&u
aomufr&atmif cg;ygw,f/ wGif;rtif;avYvma&;c&D;tjyef v,f&Snf&GmOD;q&mawmf OD;eE´0Ho xH0ifa&muf
uefawmYcJYMuygw,f/ q&mawmfu 'DteD;wpf0dkufu awGUxm;wJY *rÇD&ypönf;awG jyovdkY avYvmcJYMu&ygao;
w,f/ xl;jcmwJY acsmuvufa&mif ausmufjym;av;rSm ZD;uGuf&kyf vlqGJxm;wJYtwdkif; obm0tavsmuf yDyDjyifjyif
obm0twdkif; ay:aew,f/ obm0ausmufjcrf;av;wpfck MunfhjyefawmYvnf; tv,ftwGif;om; t0dkif;tESpf
eDndKa&mif tjrLaw awGU&w,f/ tjyif jzL0ga&mif tum ausmufom;wpfxyf ESpfvTm uGJjym;wm awGUcJY&ygw,f/
aemuf tmvl;a&mif ausmufuav;rSm ab;ESpfzufu twuf ESpfckawGU&w,f/ 'D obm0ausmuftjrLawuGJ
ukdawmY ausmufvHk;BuD;wpfvHk; cGJvdkuf&mu xGufvmwJY ausmufOvdkYqdkw,f/ q&mawmf[m apwDa[mif;wpfqludk
oGm;zl;&if; ydkif&Sifray:bJ &vmcJYwJY pdyfykwD;uvnf; xl;jcm;vSw,f/ ykwD;apYu qifpG,fa&mif&SdwJY ausmufom;vHk;av;
awGjzpfNyD; ykwD;apYrSm vuf&m tifrwef aooyfvSwJY apwDyHk? qif;wkyHk? uEkwfyef;awGyg jrif&w,f/ tEkpdwf
xkqpftaygufazmufxm;NyD; ydk;om;vdkrsdK; BudK;peJY oDuHk;xm;w,f/
q&mawmfu 'D*rÇD&ypönf;awG &vmNyD;wJYaemuf awmifhwwmawG&vmw,f/ xl;jcm;vmw,f/ touf
tEå&,fab;rSvnf; vGwfajrmufcJYw,fvdkY trdefY&Sdygw,f/ q&mawmfudk uefawmYNyD; a&S;a[mif;ausmufacwf
vlom;awG aexdkifcJY&m &Gma[mif;ukef; ,mcif;awGxJ uRefawmfwdkYtzGJU0ifawG vdkufvH&SmazGNyD; &&SdwJY ausmufykqdef?
ausmufrdk;BudK;oGm;? ausmufrdk;BudK;uGif;? ausmufvnfqGJ? ausmufvufaumuf? vufoHk;ud&d,m wefqmyvm?
tdk;jcrf;yJYrsm;? tvSqif a&mifpHkausmufrsm;udk pkaqmif;cJYMuygw,f/ q&mBuD; OD;armifarmifuawmY xHk;pHtwdkif;yJ
ol txl;pdwf0ifpm;wJY ausmufacwftav; vdkuf&Smw,f/ awGUoGm;NyD; aysmfoGm;w,f/ NyD;awmY ]]uRefawmf
&SmazGcJYorQ ausmuftav;awGxJrSm 'Dtav;u tBuD;qHk;yJAs}} vdkY atmfajymvdkufw,f/
pma&;olu aygYyg;aomausmufrsm;ukd ukdifíMunfhaepOf
(rD;oifhxm;aom acsmfausmufwHk;)

9. http://yinamrbin.myanmarbloggers.org Powered by:
q&mawmfqDu awGUcJY&wJY *rÇD&ausmufuav;awGuvnf; 'Dausmufacwfvlom;awG&JU &Gma[mif;ae&m
teD;u &&Sdwmjzpfygw,f/ 'Dae&mu wGif;rtif;eJY eD;NyD; vQdKBuD;xdyf0rSm &Sdaeygw,f/ tm;vHk; pkaqmif;cJYMuorQ
awGudk um;ay:wifMuw,f/ OD;av;usifu trSwfw& "gwfyHkawG &dkufw,f/ aemufawmY avYvma&; 0goem&Sif
tzGJU jyefcJYMuawmYw,f/
uRefawmfYacgif;xJrSm tawG;wpfck 0ifvmcJYw,f/ vlom;rsdK;EG,ftp jrefrmuvdkY qkdEdkifwJY taxmuftxm;
&SmazGawGU&SdwJYae&mawG[m 'DwGif;rtif;eJY qufEG,faew,fqdkwJY todOmPfyJ jzpfygw,f/ vlom;tp jrefrmuvdkY
qdk&Hkomru vlom;toufADZtOD;qHk;&JU tp 'DwGif;awmifawGqDuvdkY qdkvdkufcsifygw,f/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmY
[kdwavmu jrefrmY&kyfjrifoHMum;rSm odyÜHynm&SifawGu prf;oyfawGU&SdcsufawGukd tarQmfvifhbJ Munfhvdkufrdygw,f/
owÅ0gawG&JU ADZtoufrsdK;apYrSm tufppfESpfrsdK;&Sdw,fqdkwm&,f? tJ'Dtufqpf b,fvkdxkwfovJqdkwm Mum;vdkuf
&w,f/ t"duuawmY OuúmcJrSm toufADZjzpfapwJY rlvypönf;awG&Sdw,f/ oH"mwf? umAGef"mwfeJY edkufx&dk*sif"mwf
awG pkaygif;yg0ifw,f/ aocsmatmif odyÜHynm&SifawGu pwdef;vufpwD; usnfawmifhxJrSm zefwD;OuúmcJ
(OuúmcJtwk) tjzpf oHumAGefeJY Edkx&dk*sifxnfhNyD; ydwfay;w,f/ OuúmcJ urÇmrSefwJY jrefEIef;twdkif; wGufcsufNyD;
OuúmcJY urÇmukd xdrSefovdk yifv,fxJypfxnfhvdkufw,f/ olwdkYawG;qxm;wJYtwdkif;yJ ADZ(touf) jzpfapwJY
tufqpfawG &cJYw,f/ prf;oyfcsuf atmifjrifoGm;Muw,f/
tpu uRefawmfwdkY aqG;aEG;cJYMuovdk BuD;rm;vSwJY OuúmcJxJrSm vlYADZ(touf) rlvrsdK;apYawG ygvmcJYw,f/
urÇmukdxdrSefNyD; 'DrsdK;&dk;ADZuae yxrvl(wGif;awmifvlom;) pcJYr,f/ NyD;rS urÇmae&mtESHtjym; ysHUESYHoGm;r,f/
'guRefawmfY&JU tEkrmetjrif jzpfygw,f/
0Zif (0g;pdrf;)awmifudkawmY tjyefc&D;rSm uRefawmfwdkYtzGJUuvlawG pdwf0ifwpm; txl;ai;armMunfhrdcJY
Muw,f/ a&mufvnf; a&muffcsifMuao;w,f/ 'DawmifrSm a&S;acwfvlom;awG toHk;jyKcJYwJY oH&nfusdKzdkta[mif;
&SdaewJY owif;uvnf; pdwf0ifpm;p&mygyJ/ NyD;awmY OuúmysHcJBuD; jzpfae&if b,fvdk[mvJ/ oH? umAGefeJY
Edkufx&dk*sifawG &Sdr&Sd avYvmcsifMuw,f/ oH&nfusdKzdk&Sdaewmu ya[VdqefvSw,f/
uRefawmfwkdYtzGJUav;&JU wpfreufwmc&D;rSm cPav;jrifawGUMum;odcJYwm bmrSrajymavmufayr,fY
wGif;rtif;? awmifaysmuftif; jzpfay:aeyHk? yifv,fjyifeJYa&m? csif;wGif;jrpfeJYa&m qufpyfaerI? tjrJrjywfpD;qif;
aewJY prf;acsmif;av;? {&mrcsdKifh(vQdK)? pdrf;jyma&nSd? wGif;ydk;av;rsm;? armifwifhw,feJY r,feabe*g;r Zmwfvrf;?
0Zif(0g;pdrf;)awmif? oH&nfusdKzdka[mif; pwYJt&mrsm;eJY ra[Vdaygif;pHk uawmYjzifh pMum0Vm&JUqef;Mu,frIvdkYyJ
pdrf;jyma&nSd (pdk)

10. http://yinamrbin.myanmarbloggers.org Powered by:
ajym&rvm;vdkY tawG;e,f tus,fBuD; csJUaerdygawmYw,f/
jrefrmYblrdaA'(Friedrich Ben-der) 1983 pmtkyfxJu wGif;awmif avYvmcsufxJrSm wGif;awmif
ausmufom;awG&JU "mwkzGJUpnf;yHkawG twdtuswifjyxm;wm awGU&ygw,f/
ppfukdif;wdkif;? csif;wGif;jrpf ta&SUbufurf; bkwvifNrdKUe,f wGif;awmifudkom vlodrsm; ta&muftayguf
rsm;aecJYMuayr,fY jrpftaemufbufurf; ueDNrdKUe,f wGif;rtif;eJY awmifaysmuftif;udkawmY odola&mufzl;ol
tifrwef enf;vSygw,f/
tcktcsdefrSm csif;wGif;wHwm;BuD; &SdaeNyD? ,mBuD; - uav;0 um;vrf;vnf;yGifhaeNyDjzpfvdkY obm0tvSwdkY
pka0;&m wGif;awmiftif;ESpfckqDukd c&D;vSnfhvnfoifhMuygw,fcifAsm;/
- atmifaZ,smrif;(aMu;eD) -
okwpG,fpHkr*¾Zif; ( {y&,f? 2009)
http://yinmarbin.blogspot.com
http://yinmarbin.myanmarbloggers.org

11. 219
Proceedings of the International Symposia on Geoscience Resources and Environments of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), 4th
IGCP 516,and 5th
APSEG;
November 24-26, 2008, Bangkok, Thailand
The Monywa Copper Deposits, Myanmar: Chalcocite-covellite Veins and
Breccia Dykes in a Late Miocene Epithermal System
Mitchell, A.H.G.
1*
, Win Myint
2
, Kyi Lynn
2
, Myint Thein Htay
2
, Maw Oo
2
, and Thein Zaw
2
1. Ivanhoe Myanmar Holdings, Limited, 234 A-1, U Wisara Road, Kamayut Township, Yangon, Myanmar,
2. Myanmar Ivanhoe Copper Company Limited, 70I Bochein Street, Pyay Road, Hlaing Township, Yangon, Myanmar
*Corresponding author e-mail: imhle@myanmar.com.mm
Extended Abstract
The Monywa copper deposits are west of the Chindwin
River flood plain, 115 km WNW of Mandalay. There are four
deposits (Fig. 1), Sabetaung where open pit production
began in 1983, Sabetaung South also in production, the
larger Kyisintaung deposit immediately W of Sabetaung,
and Letpadaung, by far the largest, 7 km SE of Sabetaung.
Copper resources at Monywa prior to mining totaled around
2 billion tonnes ore with over 7 million tonnes contained
copper, making Monywa the second largest copper deposit
in SE Asia. This account of the geology, based mostly on
recent pit mapping, is the first published description since
that by Kyaw Winn and D.J. Kirwin, and the start of large-
scale mining, in 1998.
The deposits lie within the Central Basin of western Myanmar
(Fig. 2) on the eastern flank of the Wuntho-Popa magmatic
arc, a 460 km-long geanticlinal uplift which is the northern
continuation of the Sunda arc. The uplift exposes Upper
Cretaceous granodioritic plutons intrusive into pillow ba-
salts, diabase and gabbro and minor gneiss, and Cenozoic
calc-alkaline intrusions and eruptive rocks. To the W are
the Chindwin – Minbu sub-basins with their 10 km thick
succession of Albian to Pliocene sedimentary rocks, and
to the E the largely Neogene succession which occupies
the Shwebo sub-basin. The Indo-Burman Ranges, W of
the basins, consist of two belts separated by an E-dipping thrust. In the Eastern belt, up to 3188 m elevation, Upper
Triassic flysch and ophiolitic rocks overlie mica schist. In the Western belt, a sequence of highly deformed Senonian
pelagic limestones, mudstones and turbidite sandstones are overlain by Paleocene and younger clastics which pass
westwards into the Chittagong – Tripura fold belt. Most of western Myanmar and the fold belt are moving northwards
on the Burma plate, bounded in the W and N by a subduction zone and in the E by the Sagaing Fault.
Mineralization at Monywa is hosted by dykes and sills of porphyritic biotite andesite, quartz andesite and minor dacite,
by minor rhyolite dykes, and by the folded Upper Pegu Group (Fig. 1) which the volcanic rocks intrude. The mineral-
ized sequence, of late Miocene age, overlies Mesozoic rocks of the Wuntho-Popa arc, and consists of sandstones
and shales, overlain by more than 300 m of late Miocene andesitic pyroclastics, possibly including diatreme apron
deposits. The pyroclastics are cross-bedded and include abundant clasts of silicified and phyllic-altered andesite
porphyry, quartz-pyrite rock and pyrite. Sabetaung South pit is mostly in sandstone, Sabetaung in pyroclastics and
andesite porphyry intrusions, Kyisintaung in andesite porphyry, and Hydrothermal alteration assemblages in mineral-
ized rocks are predominantly advanced argillic consisting of replacement quartz together with alunite, pyrophyllite,
and minor diaspore, kaolinite or dickite, accompanied by pyrite and indicative of acid sulphate fluids and rock-fluid
Figure 1. Simplified geological map of Monywa copper
deposits and surroundings.

12. 220
Proceedings of the International Symposia on Geoscience Resources and Environments of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), 4th
IGCP 516,and 5th
APSEG;
November 24-26, 2008, Bangkok, Thailand
Figure 2. Sketch map of part of Myanmar and region to west
showing location of Monywa copper deposits relative
to main structural features. Chittagong-Tripura fold
belt CTFB. Indian continent: FS Foreland Spur, H
Himalayas, M Mikir Hills, S Shillong Plateau. Indo-
Burman Ranges: EB Eastern belt, WB Western
belt. Jade Mines uplift JM. Strato-volcanoes: L
Mt. Loimye, P Popa, T Taungthonlon. Structures:
NT Naga Thrust, SF Sagaing Fault, SZ subduction
zone. Sub-basins: CSB Chindwin, HB Hukawng,
PSB Pathein, SB Shwebo, SSB Salin (Minbu). M
Mandalay, Y Yangon. Letpadaung in quartz andesite
porphyry and pyroclastics.
reactions at epithermal depths down to 2 km. At Sabetaung South the mineralized sandstone is mostly altered to
quartz-sericite-pyrite; at Sabetaung, alteration includes two bodies of copper-poor texture-destroyed quartz-pyrite-
alunite within alunite and sericite-bearing assemblages. Around the deposits andesite porphyry is variably chloritised
with quartz-calcite-pyrite veinlets, to more than 200 m depth.
Mineralization extends downwards from the base of oxidation, near the water table mostly between 70 and 120 m
above sea level, through a vertical interval which at Letpadaung locally exceeds 540 m. The predominant copper
sulphides are chalcocite and digenite, with subordinate covellite, invariably accompanied by pyrite. Enargite, rarely
seen in the pits, is reported in petrographic studies from all the deposits. Chalcopyrite and bornite occur as inclusions
in pyrite. Most chalcocite is crystalline, either massive or
coating pyrite, but black sooty chalcocite also occurs at
all elevations. Among the few assays for additional metals,
28 samples from Kyisintaung drill core averaged 0.15 ppm
Au, 23 ppm Ag, 85 ppm As, 18 ppm Mo, 12 ppm Co and
0.18% Ba, together with 0.59% Cu.
Mineralization (Fig. 3) in the pits and in Kyisintaung and
Letpadaung drill core occurs in breccia dykes, in thick
shallow veins, in spaced stockwork veins, sheeted veins,
and through-going shallow-dipping veins, and as dissemi-
nations. Breccia dykes and steep veins mostly trend NE,
but NW strikes predominate in Sabetaung South. Breccia
dykes are a prominent feature, most are steeply-dipping
bodies with parallel margins, but a few splay upwards
or follow low-angle structures. They are clast-supported
with angular fragments of wall rock, and rounded clasts
of andesite porphyry and rarely massive chalcocite. Brec-
cia dyke widths in the pits are mostly less than 1 m, and
decrease with depth, but some at Letpadaung are more
than 10 m wide.
Unmineralized breccia dykes have a mud matrix. In min-
eralized breccia dykes or hydrothermal breccias, chal-
cocite and covellite occur as matrix together with pyrite
and replacement quartz, usually with alunite in vugs and
sometimes accompanied by coarse euhedal barite. Veins
of chalcocite-pyrite, chalcocite-covellite-pyrite or massive
pyrite are common within the dykes.
Veins are planar structures and include sulphide-coated
fractures. The thick shallow veins are mostly steeply-dip-
ping and up to a few metres wide but narrow downwards
and some disappear within 10 to 30 m of the mineralization
surface. Spaced stockwork veins are up to 20 cm wide
and tens of cm apart. Through-going shallow-dipping
veins can persist for over 50 m and are mostly less than
10 cm wide. Sheeted veins are close-spaced vertical or
steeply-dipping cm wide structures, largely confined to
a 130 m wide NE-trending zone in Sabetaung. Although
visually impressive, sheeted veins do not everywhere
carry significant grade. Throughout the pits, most veins

13. 221
Proceedings of the International Symposia on Geoscience Resources and Environments of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), 4th
IGCP 516,and 5th
APSEG;
November 24-26, 2008, Bangkok, Thailand
Figure 3. Cartoon schematic cross-section illustrating mineral-
ized structures and leached cap, and relationship to
sand-gravel cover at northern end of Sabetaung pit.
Mineralized rock and leached cap here is andesite
porphyry. Elevation relative to sea level. Cu-clay
and pyrite curves indicate variation in ontent with
depth.
Figure 4. Schematic speculative cross-section through Sa-
betaung during hypogene mineralization.
cut breccia dykes. Disseminated chalcocite coats pyrite
grains and is most common at shallow depths. It also
occurs throughout the Sabetaung high-grade zone, a
vertical carrot-shaped body up to 30 m wide. Its upper
levels contain up to 30 percent Cu and include massive
chalcocite. Below, disseminated chalcocite replaces
plagioclase phenocrysts but is locally leached, leaving a
porous framework of replacement quartz; breccia dykes
are cut by planar veins of crystalline chalcocite and soft
black amorphous chalcocite.
A latest Miocene age for the mineralization is implied by
a K/Ar age of 5.8 Ma on an andesite porphyry dyke SW
of Kyisintaung. We consider this and other unaltered or
chloritised dykes to be immediately pre-mineral but distal
to mineralization. Early to middle Miocene K/Ar ages on
hydrothermal minerals are not easily reconciled with the
inferred late Miocene stratigraphic age of host rocks.
The Kyisintaung and Letpadaung deposits are overlain by
spectacular barren leached caps locally more than 200 m
thick and forming hills rising to 185 and 240 m above the

14. 222
Proceedings of the International Symposia on Geoscience Resources and Environments of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), 4th
IGCP 516,and 5th
APSEG;
November 24-26, 2008, Bangkok, Thailand
plain (Fig. 3). During prolonged regional uplift, and consequent fall of the water table, mineralized rock was exhumed
and oxidized; acid water from oxidation of the abundant residual pyrite leached copper and re-deposited it as super-
gene chalcocite below the water table where it replaced pyrite. The descending acid water also resulted in argillisation
to depths of 50 to 100 m below the base of oxidation. Possibly around 75% of the copper in the upper levels of the
deposits is supergene chalcocite-digenite, a product of continuous re-cycling and progressive enrichment.
In the NE part of the Sabetaung and Sabetaung South pits mineralization and locally leached cap are overlain by
super-mature gravels and strongly cross-bedded sands (Fig. 3), possibly the basal part of the regionally widespread
late Pliocene-Quaternary Upper Irrawaddian (Fig. 1). The sands around the deposits are a potential environment for
exotic copper derived from the oxidizing surface of the enrichment zone.
The Monywa deposits, first drilled in 1957, were interpreted by a Japanese team in 1973 as epithermal and analogous
to their “Nansatsu-type massive sulphide” (high sulphidation) gold deposits; they were re-interpreted as supergene-
enriched porphyry copper deposits by a United Nations-supported project and R.H. Sillitoe (in United Nations 1978),
and finally re-identified as high sulphidation by D.J. Kirwin in 1995 and by feasibility study consultants in 1996.
Mineralization can be explained by condensation in meteoric water of magmatic SO2 gas ascending from crystallizing
melt at the roots of the andesite porphyry dykes (Fig. 4). This magma is no doubt related to ascent of metamorphic
water and partial melting during eastward subduction of the oceanic Indian plate beneath the Burma plate (Fig. 2).
Conceivably, a porphyry copper deposit could be present somewhere beneath the Monywa ore bodies.
Acknowledgement
We thank the owners for permission to publish, and D.J. Kirwin for helpful comments.
Keywords: Monywa copper, breccia dykes, epithermal.
References
Kyaw Winn and Kirwin D.J., 1998. Exploration, geology and mineralization of the Monywa Copper deposits, central
Myanmar. In Porphyry and Hydrothermal copper and gold deposits: a global perspective. Proceedings of the
Australian Mineral Foundation Conference, Perth, 61-74.
United Nations 1978. Memorandum, Letpadaung Taung, Technical report No. 7, BUR/72/002, United Nations
Development Programme, Office of Technical Co-operation of United Nations, Rangoon, 36p.

26. Home Art Aviation Military History Photo's Travels Games -
IL2 Advertise Clients Employment Security Blogs Contact Us
Myanmar Photo List
Twin Taung Hill
An extinct volcano whose crater now forms a beautiful lake. The surrounding
area has lush vegetation, and there are lovely views of the area from the rim
of this crater lake. The lakes Algae is used in the production of vitamin E so
I've been told hence the work signs at the Burmese production plant.
Algae acquire vitamin B12 through a symbiotic relationship with bacteria
Martin T. Croft1, Andrew D. Lawrence2, Evelyne Raux-Deery2, Martin J.
Warren2 & Alison G. Smith1
1. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2
3EA, UK
2. Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ,
UK

27. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) was identified nearly 80 years ago as the anti-
pernicious anaemia factor in liver, and its importance in human health and
disease has resulted in much work on its uptake, cellular transport and
utilization. Plants do not contain cobalamin because they have no cobalamin-
dependent enzymes. Deficiencies are therefore common in strict vegetarians,
and in the elderly, who are susceptible to an autoimmune disorder that
prevents its efficient uptake. In contrast, many algae are rich in vitamin B12,
with some species, such as Porphyra yezoensis (Nori), containing as much
cobalamin as liver. Despite this, the role of the cofactor in algal metabolism
remains unknown, as does the source of the vitamin for these organisms. A
survey of 326 algal species revealed that 171 species require exogenous
vitamin B12 for growth, implying that more than half of the algal kingdom are
cobalamin auxotrophs. Here we show that the role of vitamin B12 in algal
metabolism is primarily as a cofactor for vitamin B12-dependent methionine
synthase, and that cobalamin auxotrophy has arisen numerous times
throughout evolution, probably owing to the loss of the vitamin B12-
independent form of the enzyme. The source of cobalamin seems to be
bacteria, indicating an important and unsuspected symbiosis.
Monywa
Monywa is a city in central Myanmar and situated on the eastern bank of the
Chindwin Rive, Mandalay Division. It lies 136 km north-west of Mandalay
along the Mandalay-Budalin branch railway line. Monywa serves as a major
trade center for India and Burma through Kalay Myo road and Chindwin river.
The name Monywa comes from "Mon" meaning "cake or snack food" and
"Ywa" which is the Myanmar word for village. There is a legend which says

28. that in the old days a Myanmar king fell in love with a seller of cakes from this
town and made her his queen. The original name some say, is Mon - thema-
ywa or " Village of the woman cake seller". There has been a big village at
Monywa from the Bagan Period. The classical name for Monywa is
Thalawadi. The chronicles mention that Monywa was one of the places
where King Alaungphayar encamped for the night on his campaign to
Manipur in 1758. During the Myanmar kings' time Monywa remained just a
big village as the administrative centre for the region was at Ahlon. It was
only a year after the Annexation of 1886 that Monywa became the
Headquarters of the Lower Chindwin District. In the last few years with the
legalizing of the border trade with India, Monywa has grown into a bustling
trading.
Monywa Town
In Monywa town, there are busy markets, popular restuarants, a Degree
College affiliated to Mandalay University, a Technical High School, and soon
there will be an Institute of Economics, the second after the one in Yangon.
Monywa Hotel, now privatised, has comfortable four-room bungalows with
attached amenities, all air-conditioned. centre, second only to Mandalay in
the Upper Myanmar region.
If you are travelling to Monwya by car you should stop about 20 kilometres
before you reach the town to visit this most unusual Buddhist temple complex
on 37 acres of land which is part of the Mohnyin Forest Monastery retreat.
The pagoda was started on 20th June 1939 and completed on 2nd March

29. 1952.It was the brain-child of the famous Mohnyin Sayadaw whose life-like
effigy can be seen nearby.
If you can go at the beginning of the Myanmar month of Tazaungmone (
usually around November), you can see the annual pagoda festival, which
goes on for several days when the villagers from all around come to enjoy the
music and dancing, and buy from the various stalls set up by sellers from all
over the country.
Interesting Places
Thanboddhay Pagoda
If you are travelling to Monwya by car you should stop about 20 kilometres
before you reach the town to visit this most unusual Buddhist temple complex
on 37 acres of land which is part of the Mohnyin Forest Monastery retreat.
The pagoda was started on 20th June 1939 and completed on 2nd March
1952.It was the brain-child of the famous Mohnyin Sayadaw whose life-like
effigy can be seen nearby.
Some visitors say that this Pagoda reminds them of Borobodur, as it is similar
in architectural design. Unlike Borobodur this is a modern place of worship,
well maintained, and with interesting samples of modern Buddhist art. There
are many different Buddha images, row upon row in ascending tiers in niches
along the walls: the total number is 582, 257, an amazing figure! Unlike most
of the pagodas in Myanmar, the entrance is not guarded by Chinthes, the
mythical lions, but by statues of a pair of magnificant white elephants which
are sacred and auspicious in Buddhist symbolism.
Thanboddhay is the only pagoda with this unique shape in the whole country.
The square temple base (each side about 166 feet) which worshippers can

30. enter is topped by receding terraces, with myriads of small stupas (864 in
number) surrounding the central golden chedi, 132 feet in height.
Tourists can study and take photos of the twenty tagundaing, huge decorated
pillars, and also big masonary fruits in the shape of bunches of bananas and
coconuts, water melon, mangos, jackfruits, papaya and so on . These fruits
are also objects of veneration for the local farmers.
If you can go at the beginning of the Myanmar month of Tazaungmone (
usually around November), you can see the annual pagoda festival, which
goes on for several days when the villagers from all around come to enjoy the
music and dancing, and buy from the various stalls set up by sellers from all
over the country.
Travel Tips: Entrance Fees : US$3
Bodhi Tahtaung and Po Khaung Taung
From Thanboddhay Pagoda you can go by car about five miles along a good
branch road to Po Khaung Taung, a small range of hills in the Monywa area.
There you will see more unusual sights not found in other parts of Myanmar.
First you should stop for a while in the fast growing forest of one thousand
Bodhi trees (Ficus religiosa); this Bo or pipal tree is sacred to all Buddhists
because Gaudama Buddha attained Enlightenment while meditating under
this tree.
A much venerated Sayadaw now popularly known as the Bodhi Tahtaung
Sayadaw who can make your wishes come true, first started planting this
forest grove about two decades ago. Each tree has a large Buddha image
underneath, and many Buddhist come to pay obseisance there. It is a

31. pleasant, peaceful place, filled with the song of birds, in a protected
environment where nature and men are in perfect harmony.
Just beyond Bodhi Tahtaung, a short stroll towards the east will bring you to
the Po Khaung Taung, a range of hills where you can see one of the largest
reclining Buddha images in the world. Measuring 300 ft in length it is even
bigger than the colossal Shwethalyaung reclining Buddha image in Bago
(Pegu) which has a length of 180 ft. only. The head is 60 ft. in height. It was
only built in 1991 and up to now there is still no roof or shelter to protect it
from the elements.
This huge image has a hollow cave-like structure inside and you can walk
from the head to the feet. You will then see inside 9,000 one foot high metal
images of the Buddha and his disciples in various postures. There are also
representations of some of the important events in the life of the Buddha.
If you are interested in Buddha footprints you can study the 108 auspicious
symbols which are depicted on the soles of this huge image.
Aung Sakkya Pagoda
Near the reclining Buddha image, also on Po Khaung Taung range is the
Aung Sakkya Pagoda , 441.75 ft in height (including the base of 216.75 ft).
This pagoda is a landmark for the area around Monywa as it can be seen
from afar. It is surrounded by 1,060 smaller satellite pagodas which shelter
over a thousand sacred images of the Buddha.
Pho Win Hill
The hills have probably been occupied since the dawn of human habitation in
Myanmar; to the south - west lies the Pon Daung Pon Nya mountain range,

32. where the fossilised remains of Pontaung Mon's may have lived 30 million
years ago - were found.
The caves themselves contain Buddhist statues and murals dating to the
17th and 18th centuries. Most exhibit the Inwa style, though some may date
as for back as the 14th to16th centuries. A covered stairway climbs a hill to
the main cave shrine, but there are dozens of large and small caves in the
area filled with old Buddha images. There are over 400,000 images in these
and other nearby caves.
Shwe Ba Hill
Shwe Ba Hill, just beyond Pho Win Hill, features unique pavilions cut from the
surrounding sandstone and filled with plain Buddha images.
Shweba Taung is on the West Bank of Chindwin river.
There, temples and caves are curved out of volcanic rocks and inside walls of
some caves are decorated with 13 century / 18 century mural paintings.
Travel Tips: Entrance Fees : US$5
Shwe Gu Ni Pagoda
The Shwe Gu Ni Pagoda is about 20 miles east of Monywa. The Buddha
image in the pagoda is offered (stick) by gold foils and the face of the Buddha
image could not be make out very easily. Typical black and gold lacquer ware
from nearby Kyaukka is the festival's speciality. Held from the 5th to the 8th
waning day of Kason. Shweguni Pagoda is famous for its magnificent
architecture.
Nearby Attractions
Monywa can also be the base for visiting Kyaukka. Kyaukka , a town about

33. ten miles to the east, second only to Bagan as a center for the Myanmar
lacquer-ware cottage industry. A few hours drive will also bring you to
Twintaung hill, an extinct volcano whose crater now forms a beautiful lake.
The surrounding area has lush vegetation, and views of the area from the rim
of this crater lake is breathtaking.
The Ledi Kyaung Monastery is also well worth visiting. Built by the famous
Ledi Sayadaw, a renowned Pali scholar, there are now 806 stone slab
inscriptions which preserve some of the Sayadaw's writings.
A few hours drive will also bring you to Twin Taung Hill, an extinct volcano
whose crater now forms a beautiful lake. The surrounding area has lush
vegetation, and there are lovely views of the area from the rim of this crater
lake.
Visitors are welcome to travel to Monywa and environs; see the interesting
places and scenic views, and take back memorable experiences of typical
Myanmar warmth and hospitality.
http://myanmartravelinformation.com/mti-mandalay/monywa.htm
Monywa is a city in Sagaing Division, Myanmar, located 136 km northwest of
Mandalay on the eastern bank of the River Chindwin.
Transport
It is served by the Mandalay-Budalin branch railway line, but is best reached
by bus as the road from Mandalay is in reasonably good shape. Monywa is
now linked by road to Budalin, Dabayin, Ye-U and Kin-U, and by rail to
Sagaing and the Mandalay - Myitkyina line.[1] River transport on the

34. Chindwin has always been important as it is navigable for 640 km (400 miles)
up to Hkamti during the monsoon season, and most of the year to Homalin.
Economy
Monywa is a major centre for trade and commerce and for agricultural
produce from the surrounding Chindwin valley, especially beans, orange,
pulses and jaggery (palm sugar). In addition, the local industry includes mills
for the production of cotton, flour, noodles, and edible oils. Sausages from
Alon called wet udaunk are quite popular, and Budalin longyi (sarong) is
known for the strength of the fabric and its checked patterns. Monywa's rough
cotton blankets are famous throughout Myanmar, and some can even be
found sewn up into knapsacks sold to unsuspecting tourists in Bangkok.
Other regional crafts include bamboo and reed products, bullock carts and
agricultural implements. The village of Kyaukka is well known for its
lacquerware utensils for everyday use.Black market goods from India,
especially saris and bicycle parts, pass through Monywa on their way to other
parts of Myanmar.The major tourist attraction in Monywa (although very few
tourists make it there, and facilities are very limited) is Mohnyin Thambuddhei
Paya, a Buddhist temple with a huge stupa resembling Indonesia's
Borobudur. It dates from 1303, although it was reconstructed in 1939. It is
said to contain over 500,000 images of Buddha.
Education
The city is home to: Monywa University
Politics
The insurgent Burmese Communist Party (BCP) was centred in the Monywa

35. area (west of the Chindwin River) for many years. Although the BCP is no
longer active, the Myanmar military presence in Monywa remains heavy.
Sagaing Division
Sagaing Division is an administrative division of Myanmar, located in the
north-western part of the country between latitude 21° 30' north and longitude
94° 97' east. It is bordered by India’s Nagaland and Manipur States to the
north, Kachin State, Shan State, and Mandalay Division to the east,
Mandalay Division and Magway Division to the south, with the Ayeyarwady
River forming a greater part of its eastern and also southern boundary, and
Chin State and India to the west. The division has an area of 93,527 km², and
population (1996) of over 5,300,000. The capital is Sagaing.
Sagaing Division consists of 198 wards and villages, 38 townships and eight
districts; Sagaing, Shwebo, Monywa, Katha, Kale, Tamu, Mawlaik and
Hkamti. The major cities are Sagaing, Monywa, Shwebo, Katha, Kale, Tamu,
Mawlaik and Hkamti. Mingun with its famous bell is located near Sagaing but
can be reached across the Ayeyarwady from Mandalay.
History
The Pyu were the first to in recorded history to populate the area of Sagaing
Division by the 1st century CE. The Bamar (Burmans) first migrated into
Upper Myanmar by 7th century CE. The area came under the Pagan
Kingdom certainly by the middle of 11th century when King Anawrahta (r.
1044-1077) founded the Pagan Empire, which encompasses the modern day
Myanmar.

36. After the fall of Pagan in 1287, the northwestern parts of Upper Myanmar
came under the Sagaing Kingdom (1315-1364) ruled by Burmanized Shan
kings. The area was ruled by the kings of Ava from 1364 to 1555 and the
kings of Taungoo from 1555 to 1752. Konbaung Dynasty (1752-1885),
founded by king Alaungpaya in Shwebo, became the last Burmese dynasty
before the British conquest of Upper Burma in 1885. The area became
Sagaing Division after the Burmese independence in January 1948.
Demographics
Sagaing
The Bamar (Burmans) are the majority ethnic group in the dry regions and
along the Mandalay-Myitkyina Railroad. Shan live in the upper Chindwin
River valley. A sizable minority of Naga resides in the north of north-west
mountain ranges and Chin in the south. Smaller ethnic groups native to the
Division include the Kadu and Ganang, who live in the upper Mu River valley
and Meza River valley.
Economy
Agriculture is the chief occupation. The leading crop is rice, which occupies
most of the arable ground. Other crops include wheat, sesame, peanut,
pulses, cotton, and tobacco. Sagaing is Myanmar’s leading producer of
wheat, contributing more than 80% of the country's total production. Forestry
is important in the wetter upper regions along the Chindwin River, with teak
and other hardwoods extracted. As in other parts of the country, reforestation
is not effective enough to maintain sustainable forestry. Important minerals
include gold, coal, salt and small amounts of petroleum. Industry includes
textiles, copper refining, gold smelting, and a diesel engine plant. The
Division has many rice mills, edible oil mills, saw mills, cotton mills, and
mechanized weaving factories. Local industry includes earthen pots,

37. silverware, bronze-wares, iron-wares and lacquerware.
Web reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagaing_Divisio

38. The Mirror Daily added 5 new photos.
5 hrs ·
(10.10.2016) ေၾကမံုေ ေဆာင္းပာ
======================
သဘ ဝၾေင္းာေသ ာရတ က မံုာ မာေ ႐ႈေဆင္းပ
============================
ျကေဆ္ေ ေေၾ ္ကက ာမွဴး)
''က မံုာ မာႈံုထၾဆေသ သဘ ဝာရတ '' ဟံု ေျင္း ထံုိုထံုၾဆသ္ဆညကေဆ္ ိုင္ကႈ ာ
ိုင္ကႈ ာာဲ႕ ထရဆႈဲကက ောႊ ေေႊ ေၾႈ ၾဆသမင္းရံျက ာေရို ာႊ ောတမညကေ္
ောတမညကေ္ဆ သဘ ဝဘ ရဆေေ႕
ေရို ာႊ ပကကကဟံုရဆ ေျကေင္းမကက ာကထရဲ္ ့္ံုထာရတဆ ၾနတဆ
ၾနတဆာသ ဆညကေဆ္ သ ဆေရ ႈၾဆင္း ြ္ဆာေရို ာိုံုထ ႈေဆကကရဆ
ႈေဆကကရဆၾေင္းိုထကဆ္ကမဆ္ ္ကကတဆ ေဆ ဆ သဘ ဝၾေင္းာရဲ္ ္
့္ထံုာကျ့ရဆညထံုေဆေသ ာရတ ၾေရ ္ ထကဆ
ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထင္းဲျ့ ဆင္းပရမဆ္ ယေ ေဆာင္းပာေိုာတဲ ေ့ ဆျင္းိုထံုရဲ္ ာ္ဆ ာမဆ႐ႈ
ာ္ဆ ာမဆ႐ႈၾဆၾေရ ္ ိုငေရာဲ႕ ကႈေဆကကရဆရဲ္္ျင္းပ္ကငေရႊ ျင္း္ဆသင
ျင္း္ဆသငေရာဲ႕ဘဝိုငက ႈာင္း ာောာ ့မ႕ြ့ထပာရထံုာရၾဆေ ့ထံု ျင္းပကင
ျင္းပကငေ ေဆာၾဆျ႐ေဆာေရဟ ္႐ပ္ ာေိုႈ ဆ သဘ ဝေ ဟ
သဘ ဝေ ဟ တ ဆေရင္းႈၾဆမေဆာြင္းႈာ သဘ ဝၾေင္းာရဲ္ ့္ံု
့္ံုထာရတဆာရတ ေရ မံုာ မာ႐ဲ္ာက ့ၾမပေရ႕ို ညထံုေဆင္းပရမဆ္
ၾနတဆေရ ဆဟ ိုတဆ႐ဲ္ရဲ္ ေ (မွဴး) ညက ဆေၾႈ ဆ႐တဆၾ ၾဆ မံုရ ဆ႐ံုၾထံု ံုုကို ဒု-
ၾဆ မံုကက ာ္ျ့ ဆ ေျင္း ေဆာော႕ရ ဝတဆေင္းာ္င္းဆျ႐ေဆာ႐မ႐ဲ္ာင္းပရမဆ္ ၾနတဆေရ ဆသ ာ

39. ၾနတဆေရ ဆသ ာော ၾဆ
ရ ဝတဆႈကဆာေ ေဆာကမဆ္ ၾဆ မံုၾေရ ္ ျကတဆက ္ေ ာဝပာညကေ္ဆ ္ထကဆသမံုာင္း
္ထကဆသမံုာင္း ြ္ဆာိုံုင္းဆေတဆာႊ ္းံု ႈဝ ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထ ၾဆ မံုင္းဲ ျ့ ဆင္းပရမဆ
ျ့ ဆင္းပရမဆ္ ကထကထၾႈေဆို္ဆ ၾနကဆာၾႈေဆကညကေဆ္
ကရင္ႈေသ ၾဆ မံုရ ဆ႐ံုၾထံု ေျင္း ေဆာော႕႐ဲ္ာိုထံု ္တ္ဆာေမဆ ထရဆေိုို
ထရဆေိုိုေဆ္ကာကထေသ ဆို္ဆာင္းဲ ညထံုေဆေမေရ ဆကက ေင္းာ္င္းဆရဲ္ ္ကထတဆတဲ႕ရ
္ကထတဆတဲ႕ရ ဝတဆကႈ ာၾထံု ဥႈာို္ဆကသံုတဆ သၾဆ
တဆ့ၾထပာင္းကဆာႈကဆာာၾဆာက္ဆ္ ဝတဆႈကဆာျ့ ဆရဲ္္ရၾဆ ဆၾထံု
ဆၾထံုေဆာြကထပ႕ျင္းေဆကက ာကထရဲ္ ္ဲ ႈ ၾဆ မံုၾထံု သရေဆာင္းထံု႐ဲ္ာင္းပရမဆ္ ္ဲ ႈ
္ဲ ႈ္႐ထႈတဆရံုတဆာၾ ၾဆ မံုကက ာျ့ ဆရဲ္ ေ ပၾဆရ ကေဆာသထကဆာတဲ႕ သင ၾဆ မ
သင ၾဆ မံုာဲ႕ ႈံုရဆိုံုင္းဆက္ေျ႐္ေတၾထံု ိုကဆာ္တဆက႐မမငာရဲ္္႐ႈထတဆၾ ြင္းႈာ ထကဆ
ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထ္ေၾ ေဆာၾထံု ထရဆဝေဆ ာို ႐ဲ္ာင္းပရမဆ္ ကထကထၾထံုမဆ
ရထံုေဆၾို္ဆာ ထရဆဝေဆရ ာာကထ ၾဆ မံုကက ာကကို္ဆာ ရ ဝတဆေင္းာို ပ ထကဆ
ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထႈၾဆာကထာ ရေဆာေရ ေဆႊ ရေဆာကႊ ေရ ေဆေင္းႈ ၾဆႊ ော႐ပာ္ေဆာကႈ ာ
ော႐ပာ္ေဆာကႈ ာသထံု သ ာော ၾဆ
ေို္ို ႐ေဆ္ာ႐ဲ္င္းပရမဆ္
ႈ္ေဆာေ(မွဴး)႐ံုာဲ႕ ႈငာျ႐ ာ႐ႈၾဆၾေရ ္ ိုငေရျင္းပျင္းေဆ့တဆရႈာကာညထံုေဆရဲ္ သဘ ဝ ထကဆ
သဘ ဝ ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထာကေဆသတဆာ ္ေဆာကႈ ာင္းဲ ျ့ ဆင္းပရမဆ္ ႈ္ေဆ
ႈ္ေဆာေ(မွဴး)႐ံု္တၾဆ ရေဆာေရ ေဆႊ ရေဆာကႊ ေရ ေဆ
ေရ ေဆေင္းႈ ၾဆ္ေဆာကႈ ာကက ကႈာေရ ေဆေင္းပၾဆၾဲိုံုထ ႐ႈထပေဆ
႐ႈထပေဆ္ဝကကဆာျ့ ဆေင္းမပ ျ့ ဆႈတဆာို ရဲ္ ္ေဆာကႈ ာျ့ ဆြင္းႈာ ော႐ပာ္ေဆာၾေ
ော႐ပာ္ေဆာၾေရ ္ ျင္းရဆော႕ေၾ ေၾ ေဆ္ ႐ႈထပေဆ
႐ႈထပေဆ္ဝကကဆာျ့ ဆႈတဆာကကကရ ဆ ေဆ္ ျ့ ဆရ္ဆ႐ဲ္ရဲ္ ္ေဆာျ့ ဆင္းပရမဆ္ ႈ္ေဆာေရာဲ
ႈ္ေဆာေရာဲ႕ ္႐မေျကဟ ကႈာေရ ေဆေင္းပၾဆၾဲကေၾ ေဆ္ ႈၾဆၾႈို

40. ႈၾဆၾႈို ရဲ္ ေ႐ႈ ဆာ္ဆညကေဆ္ ျင္း ကတဆ
ကႈ ာင္းပဝေဆြင္းႈာ Pyroclastic ံုးဆသရထိၲာကထရဲ္ ေျကသ ာကႈ ာျ့ေဆ္ ျ့ ဆရ
ျ့ ဆရ္ဆ႐ဲ္င္းပရမဆ္ ပ္္ျင္းေဆ ကႈာေရ ေဆေင္းပၾဆၾဲ ဥဆၾႈၾဆာကထို ရဲ္ သရိၲပ
သရိၲပဘ ရဆညကေဆ္ ာေရေၾ ေဆ္ ္င္းငင္းထံုေဆာေ သရေဆ ္ေဆာောကက မ ေရုကို ဒု-
ဝမွဴး) ဝတဆာၾႈေဆော ၾဆာကထြင္းႈာ ေသ ၾဆသမံုာာတဆကသေဆ္ေသ သ ာေပာကႈ ာ ာကေဆသတဆ
ာကေဆသတဆညထံုေဆကကာကထသ္ဆ္ ္ေဆာောကႈ ာျ့ ဆေင္းမို င္းပ
ရမဆ္ သထံုေသ ဆို္ဆာင္းဲ ေ့ ဆျင္းင္းပဘ ရဆသရံထေရကက သဘ ဝ ထ
သဘ ဝ ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထကႈ ာ ျ့ ဆႈတဆာာကေဆသတဆာ ေတာ ရ ဆ႐ံုၾထံု ေင္းမို ေ ႐ဲ္
ေင္းမို ေ ႐ဲ္င္းပရမဆ္ သဘ ဝ ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထ
ၾေတ ိုငေရ္ရၾဆ ္ၾႈထပာျ့ ဆႈတဆာေ ရဲ္ ေ ာဝပာကႈ ာ ေဥင္းက Provimin)ႊ
ိုငသမံုာၾံုတဆင္း ြ္ဆာကႈ ာ ေဥင္းက ုကို ဒု-ေ႐ပေဆာေိုကႈ ဆာ္ဆႊ ္သ ာေ႐ႈ သတင္းဆ႐ပာမွဴး)ႊ ာ
ေသ ၾဆၾံုတဆင္း ြ္ဆာကႈ ာ ေဥင္းက ုကို ဒု-Spirulina ္႐ႈထပာ္ဆမွဴး)
သ္ဆ္င္း ြ္ဆာကႈ ာ္ျင္းေဆ သဘ ဝေျကသ ကႈ ာင္းပ ႈံုရဆိုံုင္းဆညထံုေဆရ ၾထံု သထာကထာ
သထာကထာင္းပရမဆ္
ၾကၻ ေင္းမကက ေရ ္ ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထ ႈံုရဆိုံု
ႈံုရဆိုံုင္းဆညထံုေဆရဲ္ညထံုေဆေမ္တ္ဆာ္ၾႈဥဆာသ ရ္ဆာကထြင္းႈာ ၾနတဆေရ
ၾနတဆေရ ဆရထံုညံုထေဆေမကက ေရ ္ ႈငာျ႐ ာ င္းဲ သဘ ဝၾ့
သဘ ဝၾ့တဆရႈာေင္းာိုထံုၾဆရဲ္ ာရတ ္ေဆာေရင္းဲ ျ့ ဆင္းပရမဆ္ ္ဲ ႈ
္ဲ ႈ္႐ႈထတဆကက ပ သဘ ဝ ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထကကႈံုရဆိုံုင္းဆရဲ္ ေ ာဝပာညကေဆ္ ာေသ ၾဆၾံု
ာေသ ၾဆၾံုတဆကႈ ာဟ ျင္း္ဆသငကႈ ာ ့ၾထပၾဆညက ဆသၾဆကာကထရဲ္ င္း ြ္ဆ
င္း ြ္ဆာကႈ ာျ့ ဆရဲ္္ျင္းေဆ ညံုထေဆေမရၾ ၾကဆာိုကကဆာို က္ာ ထကဆာျင္း ော
ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထေျ႐ ၾဆကႈ ာၾထံု ျင္း္ဆင္းသထံုရေဆင္းထံု႕ညံုထေဆရ္ဲ္ရၾဆ ျင္း္ဆင္းဝေဆေေ
ျင္း္ဆင္းဝေဆေောာကထ႐ဲ္ိုံုထ ၾနတဆေရ ဆရထံု႕ညထံုေဆေမ္ရၾဆၾေရ ္ သဘ ဝၾ့တဆရႈာ
သဘ ဝၾ့တဆရႈာေင္းာိုံုထၾဆရဲ္ ့္ထံုာရတဆ ံုို ဘဆရ ဆ႐ံုင္းဲ ျ့ ဆင္းပရမဆ္ ကကရဆရ

41. ကကရဆရကဆာကႈ ာ္ာ ္ေဆာေ(မွဴး)႐ံုာဲ႕ ေ မွဴး)ညက ဆ ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထႈၾဆာကထကဟ ေ မဝုကို ဒု-(ဝ
ေ မဝုကို ဒု-(ဝဝမွဴး) ရတဆ႐တဆျ့ ဆြင္းႈာ ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထ ္ကႈ ာ မံုာညကေဆ္ ေ ာဝပာ္ ေဆ
ေ ာဝပာ္ ေဆ္ကႈ ႈံုရဆိုံုင္းဆေင္းာညထံုေဆရ ၾေရ ္ ရေဆာေရ
ရေဆာေရ ေဆ္ေဆာ့ၾႈာင္းဲ ျ့ ဆင္းပရမဆ္
ႈိုံုထ္ေျ႐္ေတေရေၾ ေဆ္ သဘ ဝၾ့တဆရႈာေင္းာိုံုထၾဆရဲ္ ္ေဆာေ(
္ေဆာေ(မွဴး)႐ံု ၾဆိုၾဆာကေဆသတဆောာႊ မထံုမေဆာကကျ့ ဆေ ောာႊ ေ ဟ တ
ေ ဟ တ ဆကႈ ာ ကေျင္း ေဆာိုဲေ ောာႊ သဘ ဝ
သဘ ဝင္းရဆဝတဆာၾႈေဆႈထတဆာသထကဆာောာ္ရၾဆ ျင္း္ဆသင
ျင္း္ဆသငေရရ ဆာင္းဆိုမံုာာဲ႕ ရ ဝတဆ ံုထရ ၾထံု ၾနတဆ
ၾနတဆေရ ဆ္ာဲ႕ဥႈာေညက ၾဆတဲ႕ ညကိုမံုာသ ာ္ရေဆာ ထံုၾဆသေဆာ႐မ႐ဲာြင္းႈာ ၾဆ မံုကက ာျ့ ဆရဲ္
ၾဆ မံုကက ာျ့ ဆရဲ္ ာ ့ၾႈာေ ပၾဆရ ကေဆာသထကဆာာဲ႕ ေျင္း ၾ ာ
ေျင္း ၾ ာ႐ႈၾဆေရၾထံုို္ဆာ ္ြကဲသရထာိုႈၾဆာကထင္းပရမဆ္
္႐ထႈတဆၾ ိုထံု႕ ဝတဆႈကဆာဘဝကက ္ြေထကဆာ ာာမငြင္းႈာေတ ၾဆ ေတျင္း္ဆ
ေတျင္း္ဆေရ ဆသထံု ္ို္ဆ္င္းရဆော ၾဆာကထ႐ႈထတဆ ျကတဆက ္
ျကတဆက ္ေ ာဝပာိုံုင္းဆေတဆာသထံု သ ာော ၾဆ႐ဲ္ြင္းႈာ ္ရင
ရၾ ရ ဝတဆႈကဆာေ ေဆ႐ဲ္ရဲ္ ာ သက ာ ရင္း္ဆ္ိုၾဆသ ာကႈ ာ္ ာ ိုံုထၾဆိုမည
ိုံုထၾဆိုမညရဆ ၾဆ႐ဲ္ပ ောကာေဟ ေဆာေညက ေဆာျ့ ဆကႈ ာ
ျင္းတဆို္ဆေျင္း ထံုာေဆာၾေတ ိုတဆ႐ဲ္ရဲ္ေ (မွဴး)ညက ဆ႐တဆ႕ၾ ထကဆာျင္း
ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထ္ေဆာေရၾထံု သ ာော ၾဆေို္ို ဥဆ ိုံုထၾဆင္းပင္းထံု
ိုံုထၾဆင္းပင္းထံု႕ေ ေဆေင္းာ႐ဲ္ရဲ္ ဥႈာေေိုကေႈံုရဆၾနကဆာုကို ဒု-မမွဴး)ညကေဆ္ ေရ႕႐ဲ္ာ
ေရ႕႐ဲ္ာရမဆ္ ္႐ံုေရ ္သငို္ဆာ ိုးႈကတဆေတ ႈ ျ့ ဆေတြင္းႈေင္းပ္္ င္းဆကထ င္းဆာ
င္းဆကထ င္းဆာ ေကာျကတဆာာေဆာ ၾနတဆေရ ဆရ ဝတဆႈကဆာေ ေဆ႐ဲ္ရဲ္ ္းံု ႈဝ ထ
္းံု ႈဝ ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထ ၾဆ မံုဟ င္းံု ိုထၾိုံုင္းဆေတဆာာကေဆရ ဆဥႈာညကေဆ္ ့ၾဆ င္းဆိုံု

42. ့ၾဆ င္းဆိုံုင္းဆၾထံုေဆိုႈၾဆာကထေၾ ေဆာ သထာကထာရဲ္္ျင္းေဆ ထ
ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထေျက ၾဆျက ာ ႈံုရဆိုံုင္းဆေင္းာရဲ္ ရေဆာေရ ေဆ္
ရေဆာေရ ေဆ္ေဆာ့ၾႈာဟ ော႐ႈထပဝေဆော ၾဆကႊ ေပာကႈ ာေင္းပၾဆ့ ာို ပ ာသမံုာက
ာသမံုာကကႈ ာေၾ ေဆ္ (ဝ ႐ံုညက ဆကက ရေဆြင္းႈာ ထကဆာျင္း
ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထႈၾဆာကထက ေိုႈ ္ၾႈၾ မ႐ံု္႐ပ ိုမံုာဝကႈ
ိုမံုာဝကႈၾဆာကထေရ ္ေၾ ေဆာ ဝကဆာတ္ဆာ ၾ ာၾ ာသထာသ္ဆ္္ရၾဆ ထံု႕ညထံုေဆေမ
ထံု႕ညထံုေဆေမၾထံု သဘ ဝၾေင္းာႈ ာိုံုထၾဆရဲ္ ာရတ ရ ဆင္းပာ မံုာ မာ
မံုာ မာသ ာြင္းႈို ာဟံု ႐မ ာိုထံုၾဆာြင္းႈာ ော္ထ
ော္ထကႈ ာကႈပထာသံုဥဆာေင္းႈ ၾဆၾမဆာရဲ္ င္းႈ ငာညထံုေဆေမႊ ိုႈက ြကထပ႕္တႈာႊ ေ္ ဆဘေဆၾ
ေ္ ဆဘေဆၾ ္ေဆာ ေLake Orovica) ညကေဆ္ ္ႈၾ ေ သာကထ ေဟ ၾ ႐ႈထပေဆာတ ာ ေ
ေHuaca China) ္ေဆာကႈ ာ္ေၾ ေဆာ ့ရဆ ႐ဲ္ာင္းပရမဆ္
- ေ္ ဆဘေဆၾ ္ေဆာဝတဆာၾႈေဆရေဆ ေကၾဆေင္းႈ ထံုၾဆင္းႈထပာာတဆ္ရၾဆ ္ေဆာ ္
္ေဆာ ္ဝတဆာ္ဝထံုေဆာ္ရေဆာရေဆ ္ဝႈ ထရေဆာကႈ ာရငာမငြင္းႈာ ော္ေျက
ော္ေျက ၾဆ္ျက ာ ံုင္းဆမငပ ိုထံုေဆ
ကႈ ာျ့ ဆေင္းမၾ ္ေဆာ္ရေဆာကက ောကႈ ာ
ောကႈ ာ ံုင္းဆမငသ ာျ႐ေဆာေၾ ေဆ္ ္ေဆာော႐ကဆာေျ႐ ၾဆြင္းႈာ ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထ
ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထင္းေဆကႈ ာ ကႈပထာသံုဥဆာေင္းႈ ၾဆၾမဆသ ာျ႐ေဆာႊုကို ဒု-
ေဟ ၾ ႐ႈထပေဆာတ ာ္ေဆာ္ရေဆာရေဆ ္ေင္းႈ
္ေင္းႈ ဆ ႈာေိုကကႈ ာ္သမံုာျင္းပာတဆ္ရၾဆ ော႐ႈထပကႈ ာၾထံု Pump ကႈ ာျ့ေဆ္ ္
္ ကရတဆရေဆသေဆာျ႐ေဆာေၾ ေဆ္ ္ေဆာောကႈ ာ ကငို ံုးဆသ
ကငို ံုးဆသရထိၲကႈ ာ င္းႈၾဆျင္းမဆၾ ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထင္းေဆကႈ ာ ကႈပထာ
ကႈပထာသံုဥဆာေင္းႈ ၾဆၾမဆသ ာျ႐ေဆာႊ

43. ကမံုာ ြကထပ႕သထံု သ ာော ၾဆာက္ဆ္ ႐ာႈာ ဥဆာကထေတသ္ဆ္္ရၾဆ ဥႈာေ
ဥႈာေ ေဆ္တဆၾ ာောာကက ာႈမ ႐ေဆ္င္းတဆြင္းႈာ မ႐ေဆ္
မ႐ေဆ္ရငရ ဝတဆႈကဆာေ ေဆ႐ဲ္ရဲ္ ဥႈာေေိုက္ ာ ေ႐မမငပ ႈၾဆ႐ ႐ဲ္ာ ရေဆ
ရေဆာေရ ေဆ္ေဆာသထံု ံုရထမ့္ၾထကဆ ျင္းတဆို္ဆော ၾဆာကထ႐ဲ္ာျင္းတဆရမဆ္ ရေဆာေရ
ရေဆာေရ ေဆ္ေဆာၾထံု ကော ၾဆာကထ႐ေဆ ေဘာင္း
ေဘာင္းရဆဝတဆာၾႈေဆရ ဆ႐ံုိုမံုာေည င္းပာညကေဆ္ ာသမံုာသႈာညကမင္းေဆကႈ ာ မ႐ေဆၾညကေဆ္ကရင ထ
မ႐ေဆၾညကေဆ္ကရင ထကဆာ ထံုိုႈၾဆာကထပ ေ သ႐မျင္း္ဆသငကႈ ာ ိုငက ႈာင္း ာောာဘဝ ့မ႕ြ့ထပာ
့မ႕ြ့ထပာရထံုာရၾဆကၾထံု ေရ႕ျကေဆကထေရ ္ ္ေ့ ဆင္းပို သငၾထံု ေကာ
ေကာၾ္ဆ္ာ ောဘံုရိုေဆျက ဆောရေဆကက ာာကထေသ ႐ႈေဆာရ
႐ႈေဆာရေဆာျက ဆောျ့ေဆ္ ာ သႈကောာသႈာညကမ ထံုၾဆင္းႈထပာျ႐ေဆာျ့ ဆေၾ ေဆာႊ ႈံုထၾဲ္သထံု ထံု
ႈံုထၾဲ္သထံု ထံုၾဆင္းႈထပာျ႐ေဆာကႈ ာညကေဆ္္ရင ္ေဆာ ေျက ၾဆဘၾဆရေဆ ျင္းရဆော႕ေ
ျင္းရဆော႕ေၾ ္ၾဆၾဲေၾ ေဆာရ ဆ႐ံုာကထြင္းႈာ (ေဆာ္
(ေဆာ္ၾဆၾဲေၾ ေဆာေင္းမျ့ရဆပ ေ့ ၾဆိုံုင္းဆ ႈ ာေသ ောေင္းာေျက
ောေင္းာေျက ေဆာကကရ ဆ ေဆ္ ော႐ႈထပကႈ ာ ထကဆ္ဝေဆပ ္ေဆာ္ရေဆာ ဝေဆော ၾဆေတေ
ဝေဆော ၾဆေတေၾ ေဆာညကေဆ္ မ႐ံု္႐ပ (ေဆာေတာ ္ ာ ္ၾဆေၾ ေဆ
္ၾဆေၾ ေဆာၾထံု ုဟထံုျင္းပပ ေင္း ေ ဝဝဝမွဴး)႐တဆ ၾတဆၾာထျ့ေဆ္ ္ ာႈံု
္ ာႈံုထာႈ ာေသ ဆို္ဆာ ော႐ႈထပ ထကဆ္ ဝေဆက ္ႈထံုၾဆ္ေ
္ႈထံုၾဆ္ေိုႈ ၾဆာကထေသာေၾ ေဆာ သထာကထာင္းပရမဆ္ ရ ဆ့
ရ ဆ့တဆ ၾဆိုၾဆႈၾဆ႐ဲ္ာ ္ေဆာၾတဆေင္းပေဆသထံု ော ၾဆာကထို ြင္းႈာ ကတႈာ
ကတႈာကေဝာရေဆ ေ4") ္ဝႈ ထရေဆာ ရငာႈ ာသ္ဆၾထံု ေရ႕ာကထာပ ေကာ
ေကာျကတဆာ႐ဲ္ာ ရေဆာေရ ဆာ ရေဆ ၾကဆာ ထံု
ၾကဆာ ထံုၾဆေရ ေဆသငကႈ ာာကထေၾ ေဆာႊ ေရ ေဆသငကႈ ာ္ရၾဆ ိုထံု္င္းဆ
ိုထံု္င္းဆေသ ောၾထံု ႐ႈေဆာရေဆာျက ဆကကရ ဆ ေဆ္ ဝတဆင္းထံု
ဝတဆင္းထံုျက ဆောရေဆိုံုင္းဆေတဆာကက ောေင္းာေဝေ ေဆာၾဆ ေတေသ ဆို္ဆာ ္ေၾ ေဆာ္

44. ္ေၾ ေဆာ္ကႈထပာကႈပထာေၾ ေဆ္ ောကာာကထင္းပၾ ္ဝႈ ထရေဆာကကောကႈ ာ ႈံုရဆမင
ႈံုရဆမငသမံုာ ဲာေၾ ေဆာ သထာကထ႐ဲ္ာင္းပသ္ဆ္
္ေဆာ င္းဆၾထံု ေဆာၾ္ဆ္ိုံုထၾဆေရ ္ ရေဆာေရ ေဆ္ေဆာဟ သ ဆင္းေဆ ထ
သ ဆင္းေဆ ထကဆာကႈ ာ ္ော ေဆဟင္းဆကေၾ ေဆ္ ောကႈၾဆညက ျင္းေဆကက ထကဆာေတေသ
ထကဆာေတေသ ဆို္ဆာ မ႐ေဆၾႈၾဆ ောကႈၾဆညက ျင္းေဆ ္တ္ဆာေမဆျကေဆ
္တ္ဆာေမဆျကေဆ္ရၾဆို ကႊ ေပာေမဆကႈ ာ ေျင္းာို ာေတက္ျင္းေဆ ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထ
ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထင္းေဆကႈ ာ ကာကထေရ ္ရ ၾထံု ေရ႕ိုထံုၾဆာင္းပရမဆ္ ရေဆာေရ
ရေဆာေရ ေဆ္ေဆာကကျင္းတဆို ြင္းႈာ ာ ရင္း္ဆ္ညက ဆေမ ၾဆ ော႐ႈထပာႊ ္ဝရဆ္ ာိုဲ
္ဝရဆ္ ာိုဲၾ ္ေတ ာသမံုာ
ာတဆ ႈၾဆ႐ဲ္ၾင္းပရမဆ္ ပေင္းကဲ္ို္ဆာ ထရဆႈဲကက ိုတဆ ဲင္းဲာဲ႕ ထရဆ့ထ
ထရဆ့ထ ႈာကေၾ ေဆ္ ိုၾဆ့ၾဆာ္ဆ ထံုေဆသထံု ၾဆိုၾဆႈၾဆပ ၾ ာ
ၾ ာ ျက္ဆေျင္း ာေဆာၾ ေၾ ၾဆ႐ႈၾဆ
ညက ဆ႐ံု ာာကထ႐ဲ္င္းပရမဆ္
- င္းႈကရ ဆ႐ႈၾဆၾေရ ္ ႈ္ရထံုေဆာောက႕ ၾဆသ ာာေဆ ရေဆာေရ ေဆ္ေဆာာဲ႕ ထကဆာျင္း
ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထကႈ ာ ကႈထပာသံုဥဆာ ေင္းႈ ၾဆၾမဆို ညံုထေဆရဲ္္ရၾဆ ေ သ႐မျင္း္ဆသင
ေ သ႐မျင္း္ဆသငကႈ ာာဲ႕ ိုငက ႈာင္း ာောာၾထံု ဥႈာ ာေင္းာက္ဆို ာႊုကို ဒု- သထံု
သထံုရ္ဆာကဟံုရဆ ရေဆာေရ ေဆ္ေဆာ့ၾႈာ သဘ ဝေ ဟ တ ဆ ကင္းႈၾဆမ
ကင္းႈၾဆမေဆာေ္ ေဆ ေ သ႐မျင္း္ဆသငကႈ ာာဲ႕ ိုငက ႈာင္း ာရံုထာရၾဆ့ထံုၾထံု င္းထရဆင္းေဆာ
င္းထရဆင္းေဆာကက ို ာ ထံုရဲ္ ိုတဆ ဲက ္ေျ့ာာကထ႐ဲ္င္းပရမဆ္
ၾနတဆေရ ဆသ္ဆ င္း္ ာကေဆရ ဆေမ ၾဆေရ ္ ကဟံုရဆင္းပ္ သထံု
သထံုင္းပေသ ဆို္ဆာ ကထကထ ထရဆင္းပဝေဆ ာေသ ္ေၾ ေဆာ္ာ ရ ဆ႐ံုၾထံု ရ ထံုၾဆက
ရ ထံုၾဆကရဆကရဆေို္ို ရရဆင္းပသ္ဆ္ ပေၾ ေဆ္ ေ သ႐မျင္း္ဆသငကႈ ာာဲ႕ ိုငက
ိုငက ႈာင္း ာောာဘဝ ့မ႕ြ့ထပာရထံုာရၾဆောာႊ ရေဆာေရ ေဆ္ေဆာ သဘ ဝေ

45. သဘ ဝေ ဟ တ ဆ ကင္းႈၾဆသံုဥဆာောာရထံု္ရၾဆ ေ္
ေ္ ၾဆေ့ ဆျင္းင္းပတ္ဆာိုကဆာကႈ ာ ေ ေဆာ
ေ ေဆာၾဆညံုထေဆက္ဆႈေဆေၾ ေဆာ သမံုာသင္းဆကထင္းပရမဆုကို ဒု-
- ောေင္းာောေျက ေဆာကႈ ာ္ ာ ရေဆာေရ ေဆ္ဝတဆာ ္ဝထံုေဆာကက ိုရဆၾေဆာေသ
ိုရဆၾေဆာေသ ေတာ ရေဆ ေ ေဆာၾဆပ ေPlastic Lining Canal)ျ့ေဆ္ ျင္းပ
ျင္းပိုံုင္းဆေ ေဆာၾဆျ႐ေဆာႊ
- ေ သ႐မျင္း္ဆသငကႈ ာာဲ႕ ္ေျ႐႐မ ႈာင္း ာောာိုံုင္းဆေတဆာ ကႈ ာျ့ ဆရဲ္ ထံုၾဆင္းႈထပာ
ထံုၾဆင္းႈထပာောာ္ရၾဆ ိုံုထ္င္းဆေသ ောၾထံု င္းထံုကထံုျင္း္ဆ္ မံုေ္ ေဆ ျက ဆောရေဆိုံု
ျက ဆောရေဆိုံုင္းဆေတဆာကႈ ာ ရထံုာ႐ႈဲ႕ေင္းာ
ျ႐ေဆာညကေဆ္ ္ဝႈ ထရေဆာကႈ ာေ ေဆာၾဆင္းပၾ ရေဆာေရ ေဆ္ေဆာ ကႈာေရ ေဆေင္းပၾဆၾဲ
ကႈာေရ ေဆေင္းပၾဆၾဲ ဥဆ ိုေဆ္ ေဆ႐ဲ္ေသ ကႈာေရ ေဆျင္း ကႈ ာာကထသ္ဆ္ ္ဝတဆာ္ဝထံု
္ဝတဆာ္ဝထံုေဆာကက ိုရဆၾေဆာေသ ေတာ ေသ ရငာေ့ ဆျ႐ေဆာႊ
္႐ႈပင္းဆ္ ာျ့ေဆ္ ထံုေသ ဆ သဘ ဝၾေင္းာရဲ္ ံုို ဘဆျ့ ဆေသ ာရတ ရ ဆင္းပာ
ာရတ ရ ဆင္းပာျ့ ဆသ္ဆ္ ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထကႈ ာာကေဆသတဆာ ရေဆာေရ
ရေဆာေရ ေဆ္ေဆာ့ၾႈာာဲ႕ သဘ ဝေ ဟ တ ဆကႈ ာ ကင္းႈၾဆသံုဥဆာေ ောာႊ ေ သ႐မျင္း
ေ သ႐မျင္း္ဆသင ကႈ ာာဲ႕ ိုငက ႈာင္း ာောာဘဝ ့မ
့မ႕ြ့ထပာရထံုာရၾဆောာရထံု႕္ရၾဆ ေ ေဆာၾဆညံုထေဆက္ဆ္ တ္ဆာိုကဆ
တ္ဆာိုကဆာကႈ ာၾထံု ္ရရဆင္း္ ာကေဆကႈ ာႊ ္ း င္းထံုေဆ့္ဲ႕္ ္ဆာကႈ ာႊ ရ ဝ
ရ ဝတဆမငေ ေဆာၾဆေတာေသ ္ ထံုာာဝတဆ့ၾႈာီ တကႈ ာ ေင္းပေဆာ င္းဆပ ဝံုထေဆ
ဝံုထေဆာဝတဆာေ ေဆာၾဆျ႐ေဆာျ့ေဆ္ သဘ ဝၾေင္းာရဲ္ ာရတ ံုို ဘဆ ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထ
ထကဆာျင္း ော္ထႈၾဆာကထာ ရေဆာေရ ေဆ္ေဆာ့ၾႈာ ၾဆိုၾဆရ
ၾဆိုၾဆရ္ဆရမ္ောာ ေ ေဆာၾဆသေဆ္င္းပေၾ ေဆာ ရထံုၾဆရ
ရထံုၾဆရတဆာောာသ ာ္င္းဆင္းပသ္ဆ္

47. Lower Chindwin Volcano | John Seach
Burma (Myanmar)
22.28 N, 95.10 E
summit elevation 385 m
Volcanic field
Lower Chindwin Volcano is located in central Myanmar
(Burma). The volcano lies on the Burma volcanic arc, west of the Sagaing-Namyin
Fault. Lower Chindwin volcano contains explosion craters and basaltic lava flows.
Wazin Taung (366 m)
The cone is located at 22.2 N, 94.9 E. The cone is centred on a forested 4 km long N-
S range.
Natyin Taung (237 m)
The cone is located at 22.508 N, 94,969 E.
Minma (200 m)
The cone is located at 22.223 N, 94.946 E.
Letpadaung Taung (322 m)
The cone is located at 22.082 N, 95.088 E.
Taungbyauk (198 m)
The lake filled crater is located at 22.302 N, 94.982 E. The circular crater has a
diameter of 650 m.
Twindaung (231 m)
The lake filled crater is located at 22.362 N, 95.020 E. The circular crater has a
diameter of 1 km.
Ywatha (122 m)
The circular 700 m wide vent is located at 22.408 N, 95.065 E.
Lower Chindwin Volcano Eruptions
No recent eruptions.
Volcanoes of Burma (Myanmar).
Quick Links
Breaking News
World Volcanoes
Adventure Travel
Film and Television
Photos
Volcanology
Live Cams
Contact
Home About News Travel Contact
VolcanoLive
v o l c a n o l i v e . c o m
© J o h n S e a c h . v o l c a n o l i v e . c o m
A l l R i g h t s R e s e r v e d .
converted by Web2PDFConvert.com

48. Myanmar Version
HomeHome
Home / News / Other News
Reverse System Lake Surface Water Turn Inside Outs and Turn Ups for Twin Taung
Blue-green Algae Revival
Jun30, 2014
Source : Weekly Eleven News Journal
View Count : 3239
Natural Blue-green Algae generated Twin Taung in Butalin Township
Mon Ywar District in Sagaing Division has already been decreased since
2012 that not any yield position it reached that Reverse System of Lake
surface water turn inside outs and turn ups for Revival is being
practiced today,” said U Sithu, the responsible person from Natural Blue-
green Algae Production.
“Since 2012, Production rate fell down, and in May 2013, no yield
at all was found. Main Problem is FRESH WATER INTRUSION. At the
moment, Revival the Blue-green Algae were tried to Reverse System of
Lake surface water turns inside outs and turn ups, and Tilapia Fish were
netted and other ways of Fishing. If one or two Tilapia Fish species
remain in Lake, they may be reproduced. Mainly, if we could prohibit
Fresh Water, Lake Water pH may become high as nature origin, Tilapia
could not exist anymore,” U Sithu said.
Workshop held at Nay Pyi Taw Office of the Ministry of Industry on 5th June 2014 for this issue, some Findings of Experts were
discussed.
Twin Taung Pit was once a Volcano, surrounded walls of the Lake was Igneous Rock that external water could not seep-easy
stated the Department of Geology; much more Urea Fertilizer use released a kind of toxic by chemical reactions poisoned Blue-green
Algae, and lessened its Growth Rate as Urea and water reacted in Lake diminishing temperature of 30 -35 C Blue-green Algae grow;
Averrhoa carambola (Local name Star fruit / Carambola) liquid input into Lake needs to be fresh but present use teashop discard gave
poison it was said.
U Sein Kyaing from Geology Myanmar Org. put up that Volcano Lava powder is the type of soil so good to absorb water, River
Water Pumping Land Use in Volcano Vicinity area drives Fresh water leaking into the Lake affecting Twin Taung of its High pH Natural
Ecosystem quite changed; Backlash that serious Nature Degradation occurred visible today as no more Spirulina and Twin Po (Edible
Insect extract from Twin Taung) Natural Resource as well.
Ways to Tackle the Problem-solving, he presented to Revival Twin Taung as originated as nature, there is no way to work out
either to move River water Pumping Drain Application outside 5 to 10 mile of Volcano area or to stop Water Pump-in Works as other
sites.
Professor Dr. Zaw Myint Ni, Head of the Department of Geology of Mon Ywar University suggested to review Chemical ratio
consumption and to control its use in the Lake, and to clear Fish in Lake by various types of nets.
“Nowadays Fish captured is not much like before; that is, 2-3 viss round per day compared with previous seizure 20 viss per
day whilst Twin Poe none. “
“Previous days Boat-ride like today was hard in the Lake, Fishing even harder due to densely grown Spirulina in the Lake
almost thick round 3 ft that Boat-rowing incapable in the Lake.”
“In present, even the Lake water color has already been changed in vision. Previous Spirulina Tablets were dark-green
previously but today the color totally changes to Banana-leaf green,” explained a Villager from Twin Taw Village who is fishing Tilapia.
Either generate or not the Blue-green Algae, there may stand the Pit Twin Taung, so not to be a wasteful case, either a Tour
Spot or a Relaxation Spot should be arranged. In present, there are over 20 Guests daily in record of Guest Book in the Lake Gate,” said
a Geologist.
The Spirulina Blue-green Algae is found in 3 Spots in the world such as Mexico, Africa and Myanmar, that is, Spirulina is the
very Unique Natural Resource.
Latest Update News
converted by Web2PDFConvert.com

49. Renovation of Innwa Archaeological Museum to be finalised within four months
Myanmar is Prepared: Ministry Union´s Readiness for Anti-terrorism Attacks Revealed
Though Already Instructed To Stop Illegal Lead Mining in Tanintharyi Yoma, Still Continued Without Abiding Rules, would be sued
by Div. Government
150 athletes participate in 39th traditional cane-ball contest
Two Chinese naval vessels visit Myanmar
“Taung Thaman And Its Vicinity Natural Environment Conservation & Dev. Report” Submitted By Natural Green and SYS To Mdy
Div. Government
7 Day/6 Nights Pass Permit Soon To 3 Tsp. Including Mae Sot City Thailand Through Myawaddy Border
Ministry warns action against companies for poor standards on state projects
Auto & Power Myanmar exhibition to be held in Yangon for the 4th time
Working to Open a Branch of Phoe Kyar Elephant Camp Public-watch for Elephants, Elephant-Masters & Picture of Nature
News In Myanmar
Music Training
Monastery Directory
Horoscope
Documentary
Bookshelf
Dhamma Q and A
Music VCDs
Photo News
Myanmar Calendar
Copyright © BurmeseClassic 2016 All right Reserved.
Facebook Twitter
Site Map Policy & Terms
converted by Web2PDFConvert.com