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Myanmar’s Mineral Potentials
and Opportunities.
By
Zaw Win
Director ( Retired)
Department of Mines
Member of M E S
1
• Myanmar’s Geology in brief
• Mineral Provinces of Myanmar
• Status of Mineral Exploration Activities
• Mineral Occurrences
• Location of Mineral Deposits, Gold, Copper,
Lead/Zinc, Nickel, Antimony, Tin/Tungsten,
Limestone, Coal
2
Outlines (Contd.)
• Type of Mining Activities
• Essentials in the Proposals
• Business License
• Logistics/ Communication/ HR
• Environmental Issues
• Conclusion
3
Brief Outline Geology of Myanmar
Myanmar can be divided into four geographic belts, each
of which, by its own right is geotectonic belt, possessing a
separate stratigraphic succession and a deformational
history. They are from east to west: -
•The Eastern Highlands.
•The Central Lowlands.
•The Western Ranges.
•The Rakhine Coastal Belt.
4
The Eastern Highlands
• Mountainous tract of Kachin State on the
North, Shan Plateau in the middle and
Tanintharyi Ranges in South- composed
principally of Pre-Cambrian, Paleozoic-
-Mesozoic rocks, Granite intrusions of
Mesozoic- early Tertiary
5
The Central Lowland
• Composed of Ayeyarwady, the Chindwin, the
Myittha- Kabaw, the Sittaung Valley and
intervening ridges. The Belt is underlain
dominantly by Cenozoic strata and some
volcanic rocks. The central volcanic arc of
Myanmar passes through along the middle
6
The Western Ranges
• Consisting of Naga Hills in the North, the Chin
Hills in the Middle and the Rakhine Yoma in
the south and underlain by flisch type
deposits (mid Triassic- Eocene rocks) Ultra
basic rocks occurs along eastern margin.
7
The Coastal Belt
• The Belt consists the Rakhine Coastal lowland
between the Western Ranges and Bay of
Bengal and underlain by flysch type deposits(
Up.Cretaceous) and Tertiary rocks
8
9
Geotechtonic Belts
and
Mineral Provinces
10
Present Status of Mineral Prospecting, Exploration
and Production.
a) Gold- Extensively going on with good results.
b) Platinum Group Minerals- Very rarely found as by-
product from washed gold in Kachin State and Sagaing
Region.
c) Uranium and Radioactive Minerals- Scout prospecting of
tantalite, columbite, monazite, zircon, xenotime and fossil
wood was made through out Myanmar. No follow up yet.
d) Rare Earth Elements- No considerable activities to date.
11
Future Programme
a) JOGMEC and DGSE (Ministry of Mines,
Myanmar) has agreed to commence joint
exploration activities for
Sn, W, Sb, Mineral Sands, REE and PGM
in regions influenced by igneous
activities.
12
Mineral occurrence map of Myanmar
13
14
Gold
Gems & Jade
Copper
Coal
Nickel
Antimony
Lead, Silver, Zinc
Tin, Wolfram
Pearl
Iron & Steel
Limestone
 Occurrence of Mineral deposits are observed all
over Myanmar except along eastern most and
Ayeyarwady delta areas.
 Detailed field exploration activities are
envisaged.
 Infrastructure development in mineral deposit
locations will encourage economic exploitation.
15
16
17
18
19
20
Tin-Tungsten Deposits
21
22
Coal policy
• Follow up ASEAN Forum on Coal resolutions
• Myanmar Coal Mining Group
• Local Consumption- promotion of Clean coal
technology
-cement plant
-coal fired power plants
-ferronickel plant
• Export from border areas
23
24
25
Type of Business Activities
in mining industry
 Exploration
Green Field Exploration
Reconnaissance for Development
 Production
Production Sharing Agreement
 Other Businesses as permitted under FIL2013
26
Mining Activities allowed for Foreign
Investment
 Exploration, Exploitation, Production and Marketing of
non-metallic industrial minerals, such as coal, limestone,
gypsum, etc.
 Marble quarrying and production and marketing of marble
blocks and slabs
 Carrying out other quarrying industries and marketing of
products thereof
 Metallic minerals in cooperation with respective
government enterprise on PSC basis
27
Essentials for
Exploration Proposal
 Area Location,
 Type of Minerals
 General description of Area
 Exploration Techniques
 Proposed Exploration Expenses
 Transfer of Technical knowhow
 Signature Bonus
 Minimum Expenditure Commitment
 Employment
 Technical Knowhow Transfer
 I E E , E S I A , E M P and C S R
28
Essentials for
Mineral Production Proposal
 Area Clearance
 Type of Mineral(s)
 Investment Capital
 Signature Bonus
 Scale of Production
 Mine Life
 Production Sharing Split Ratio
 Employment
 Technology Transfer
 I E E , E S I A and E M P and C S R
 Rehabilitation of Abandoned Mine Land
29
Business License
• Myanmar Foreign Investment Law
• Myanmar Mines Law
• Myanmar Registered Company
• Exploration Agreement
• Production Sharing Agreement
30
• Department of Geological Survey and Mineral
Exploration
• Mining Enterprises
• Regional and State Administrative Authorities
• Ministries concerning with use of Land
31
32
Requirements for Operation
Transport and Logistics
Communication
Human Resource
33
Port facility in Myanmar at present
Number of Ports in the Myanmar coastline - 9
 Yangon [Yangon Region];
 Sittwe, Kyaukphyu, Thandwe [Rakhine State]
 Pathein [Ayeyerwady Region]
 Mawlamyine [Mon State]
 Dawei, Myeik, Kawthoung [Tanintharyi Region]
Vessel Size in Yangon port-167 LOA/9M draft/15,000DWT
Vessel Size in Thilawa port-200 LOA/9M draft/20,000DWT
Cargo handle for export and import in 2006=12 million tons
34
Projects under different stages of development
• DAWEI Deep Water sea port
• KYAUKPHYU Deep water sea port
35
Road Distances in Myanmar
(at present)
 Yangon - Mandalay 688 km
 Yangon - Sittwe 895 km
 Yangon - Pathein 181 km
 Mandalay - Muse (China border) 461 km
 Mandalay - Tamu (India border) 535 km
 Mandalay – Tachileik (Thai border) 939 km
 Yangon - Myawady (Thai border) 446 km
 Yangon - Kawthoung (Thai border) 1192 km
36
37
Communication
( at present)
38
Availability of skilled labor
• Organizational arrangement
• Technological level of mine extraction
operation
• On the job training facilities
• Stability of labor force
39
40
Environmental Protection
Myanmar Environmental Protection Law
Organizational arrangements
 Action plans E M P
 Monitoring mechanism enforcement,
 Management of Abandoned Mine Lands
41
Corporate Social Responsibility
Social Impact Assessment
Impact of the Project on rural community,
customs and traditions
Community Interrelation
Labor recruiting, know-how sharing
Implied Responsibility
Complementariness to the rural community, Education,
Health
42
Management of Abandoned Mine Lands
 Nature of Mine Operation
Mining method, ore winning process, use of chemicals, final product
 Impact Assessment
Waste rock disposal. Tailings discharge, waste water drainage,
Effects on the environment, Location of natural drainage such as
rivers , Preservation of Catchment Areas
 Mitigation Measures
Management of waste rock dumps, Land fillings, neutralization of
polluted tailings discharge , reforestation
 Allocation of Funds
Funds to be allocated in the operating cost and disbursement
procedures to ensure the rehabilitation measures
43
44
Conclusion
• Myanmar’s Mineral Potential is promising
• Green field exploration is encouraging
• Brown field exploration opportunities
• Logistics and infrastructure
• Environmental costs
45
46
Zaw Win (Mr.)
Director (Retd), [Department of Mines]
Member of M E S
Tel: 95 1 565363 Mob: 95 036447
Email: zinyawgyi@gmail.com
47
48

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Myanmar’s mineral potential and opportunities

  • 1. Myanmar’s Mineral Potentials and Opportunities. By Zaw Win Director ( Retired) Department of Mines Member of M E S 1
  • 2. • Myanmar’s Geology in brief • Mineral Provinces of Myanmar • Status of Mineral Exploration Activities • Mineral Occurrences • Location of Mineral Deposits, Gold, Copper, Lead/Zinc, Nickel, Antimony, Tin/Tungsten, Limestone, Coal 2
  • 3. Outlines (Contd.) • Type of Mining Activities • Essentials in the Proposals • Business License • Logistics/ Communication/ HR • Environmental Issues • Conclusion 3
  • 4. Brief Outline Geology of Myanmar Myanmar can be divided into four geographic belts, each of which, by its own right is geotectonic belt, possessing a separate stratigraphic succession and a deformational history. They are from east to west: - •The Eastern Highlands. •The Central Lowlands. •The Western Ranges. •The Rakhine Coastal Belt. 4
  • 5. The Eastern Highlands • Mountainous tract of Kachin State on the North, Shan Plateau in the middle and Tanintharyi Ranges in South- composed principally of Pre-Cambrian, Paleozoic- -Mesozoic rocks, Granite intrusions of Mesozoic- early Tertiary 5
  • 6. The Central Lowland • Composed of Ayeyarwady, the Chindwin, the Myittha- Kabaw, the Sittaung Valley and intervening ridges. The Belt is underlain dominantly by Cenozoic strata and some volcanic rocks. The central volcanic arc of Myanmar passes through along the middle 6
  • 7. The Western Ranges • Consisting of Naga Hills in the North, the Chin Hills in the Middle and the Rakhine Yoma in the south and underlain by flisch type deposits (mid Triassic- Eocene rocks) Ultra basic rocks occurs along eastern margin. 7
  • 8. The Coastal Belt • The Belt consists the Rakhine Coastal lowland between the Western Ranges and Bay of Bengal and underlain by flysch type deposits( Up.Cretaceous) and Tertiary rocks 8
  • 9. 9
  • 11. Present Status of Mineral Prospecting, Exploration and Production. a) Gold- Extensively going on with good results. b) Platinum Group Minerals- Very rarely found as by- product from washed gold in Kachin State and Sagaing Region. c) Uranium and Radioactive Minerals- Scout prospecting of tantalite, columbite, monazite, zircon, xenotime and fossil wood was made through out Myanmar. No follow up yet. d) Rare Earth Elements- No considerable activities to date. 11
  • 12. Future Programme a) JOGMEC and DGSE (Ministry of Mines, Myanmar) has agreed to commence joint exploration activities for Sn, W, Sb, Mineral Sands, REE and PGM in regions influenced by igneous activities. 12
  • 13. Mineral occurrence map of Myanmar 13
  • 14. 14 Gold Gems & Jade Copper Coal Nickel Antimony Lead, Silver, Zinc Tin, Wolfram Pearl Iron & Steel Limestone
  • 15.  Occurrence of Mineral deposits are observed all over Myanmar except along eastern most and Ayeyarwady delta areas.  Detailed field exploration activities are envisaged.  Infrastructure development in mineral deposit locations will encourage economic exploitation. 15
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  • 23. Coal policy • Follow up ASEAN Forum on Coal resolutions • Myanmar Coal Mining Group • Local Consumption- promotion of Clean coal technology -cement plant -coal fired power plants -ferronickel plant • Export from border areas 23
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  • 26. Type of Business Activities in mining industry  Exploration Green Field Exploration Reconnaissance for Development  Production Production Sharing Agreement  Other Businesses as permitted under FIL2013 26
  • 27. Mining Activities allowed for Foreign Investment  Exploration, Exploitation, Production and Marketing of non-metallic industrial minerals, such as coal, limestone, gypsum, etc.  Marble quarrying and production and marketing of marble blocks and slabs  Carrying out other quarrying industries and marketing of products thereof  Metallic minerals in cooperation with respective government enterprise on PSC basis 27
  • 28. Essentials for Exploration Proposal  Area Location,  Type of Minerals  General description of Area  Exploration Techniques  Proposed Exploration Expenses  Transfer of Technical knowhow  Signature Bonus  Minimum Expenditure Commitment  Employment  Technical Knowhow Transfer  I E E , E S I A , E M P and C S R 28
  • 29. Essentials for Mineral Production Proposal  Area Clearance  Type of Mineral(s)  Investment Capital  Signature Bonus  Scale of Production  Mine Life  Production Sharing Split Ratio  Employment  Technology Transfer  I E E , E S I A and E M P and C S R  Rehabilitation of Abandoned Mine Land 29
  • 30. Business License • Myanmar Foreign Investment Law • Myanmar Mines Law • Myanmar Registered Company • Exploration Agreement • Production Sharing Agreement 30
  • 31. • Department of Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration • Mining Enterprises • Regional and State Administrative Authorities • Ministries concerning with use of Land 31
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  • 33. Requirements for Operation Transport and Logistics Communication Human Resource 33
  • 34. Port facility in Myanmar at present Number of Ports in the Myanmar coastline - 9  Yangon [Yangon Region];  Sittwe, Kyaukphyu, Thandwe [Rakhine State]  Pathein [Ayeyerwady Region]  Mawlamyine [Mon State]  Dawei, Myeik, Kawthoung [Tanintharyi Region] Vessel Size in Yangon port-167 LOA/9M draft/15,000DWT Vessel Size in Thilawa port-200 LOA/9M draft/20,000DWT Cargo handle for export and import in 2006=12 million tons 34
  • 35. Projects under different stages of development • DAWEI Deep Water sea port • KYAUKPHYU Deep water sea port 35
  • 36. Road Distances in Myanmar (at present)  Yangon - Mandalay 688 km  Yangon - Sittwe 895 km  Yangon - Pathein 181 km  Mandalay - Muse (China border) 461 km  Mandalay - Tamu (India border) 535 km  Mandalay – Tachileik (Thai border) 939 km  Yangon - Myawady (Thai border) 446 km  Yangon - Kawthoung (Thai border) 1192 km 36
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  • 39. Availability of skilled labor • Organizational arrangement • Technological level of mine extraction operation • On the job training facilities • Stability of labor force 39
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  • 41. Environmental Protection Myanmar Environmental Protection Law Organizational arrangements  Action plans E M P  Monitoring mechanism enforcement,  Management of Abandoned Mine Lands 41
  • 42. Corporate Social Responsibility Social Impact Assessment Impact of the Project on rural community, customs and traditions Community Interrelation Labor recruiting, know-how sharing Implied Responsibility Complementariness to the rural community, Education, Health 42
  • 43. Management of Abandoned Mine Lands  Nature of Mine Operation Mining method, ore winning process, use of chemicals, final product  Impact Assessment Waste rock disposal. Tailings discharge, waste water drainage, Effects on the environment, Location of natural drainage such as rivers , Preservation of Catchment Areas  Mitigation Measures Management of waste rock dumps, Land fillings, neutralization of polluted tailings discharge , reforestation  Allocation of Funds Funds to be allocated in the operating cost and disbursement procedures to ensure the rehabilitation measures 43
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  • 45. Conclusion • Myanmar’s Mineral Potential is promising • Green field exploration is encouraging • Brown field exploration opportunities • Logistics and infrastructure • Environmental costs 45
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  • 47. Zaw Win (Mr.) Director (Retd), [Department of Mines] Member of M E S Tel: 95 1 565363 Mob: 95 036447 Email: zinyawgyi@gmail.com 47
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