ေဘာဂေဗဒ၌ လူ႕အရင္းအျမစ္၏ အခန္းက႑သည္ မည္သို႔ပက္သက္ ဆက္ႏႊယ္သည္ဆိုသည့္ အခ်က္ကို တင္ျပထားပါသည္။

1. A U N G K O K O T O E
S T E P T O C I V I L I Z A T I O N C O , L T D
Human Resources

2. LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
POPULATION
WORKFORCES
HUMAN RESOURCE
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
HUMAN CAPITAL
Human Resource

3. Transferrable
KNOWLEDE ABOUT INSTITUTION
Component Discipline Transferability
Organizational
Design and
management
Management, Public
administration,
Economic
High
Institutional Design Political Science,
Economic, Law
Medium
Basis of
Legitimization
Political Science Medium
Social and Cultural
Factors
Sociology,
Anthropology
Low

4. Introduction
 Macro Economy
 Micro Economy
 Differences between Economy and Business
1) Products & Services
2) Manufacturing & Extraction
3) Production & Servicing

5. Basic Concepts of Economy
Key Words of Economy
 Need & Want
 Products & Services
 Supply & Demand
 Supply Side Economy
 Demand Side Economy
 Social Welfare/ Social Democratic Way

6. History of Economic Age
 Raw Material – to Search the Market for sale
 Technology – Industrial Revolution
 IT Tech - Networking
 Information Era
Colonial System , Imperialism
3 M
1) Merchant
2) Missionary
3) Military

7. ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
 Controlled Economic System (CES)
 Capital Economic System (CES)
 Planed Economic System – Socialist Economic System
 Market Economic System – Free Market
 Mixed-Economic System - Management ES
 indication on Government intervention – in Economy

8. Economic System
 Optimum Allocation of Resources
 base on Products & Services
 (3) Basic Causes of Decision to ES
1) What amount are produce – Price Theory
2) How are produce – Production Theory
3) For Whom – Distribution Theory

11. Three Different Indicators
 GDP – Gross Domestic Products
 GNP- Gross National Products
 GNH – Gross National Happiness
 HDI – Human Development Index
GDP GNP
o In border
o Total Products and Services
o Domestic (internal)
o in one period
o All national & All Foreigner
 in & out border
 Total Products and Services
 National (internal & external)
 in one period
 Only National or citizens

12. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI)
3 L
 Life Expectancy
 Living Standard
 Literacy
 Gross National Happiness – GNH
1) Sustainable development
2) Cultural value
3) Nature environment
4) Good Governance

13. PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT
 A recognized technique for drawing up goals is to use
the SMART criteria…
 S – Specific
 M – Measurable
 A – Agreed
 R – Realistic
 T – Timed

14. SYNERGY - Energy
 The idea, often mistaken, that by adding two
businesses together the combination is worth more
than the sum of the two individual businesses.
 Usually characterized as :
2 + 2 = 5
 SWOT Analysis,
 This is the shorthand for a system of business
analysis that involves listing organizational issues
under these headings.

15. Economy
 Management of Resource Distribution
Main Causes are two things.
 Resources are Limited
 Human Desire are Non-limited.
In Politics, Federalism are
 Resource Sharing, Tax Sharing, Budget Sharing,
Power Sharing

16. Supply Curve
Price
0
Law of Supply
 Price is directly proportional to quantity of sale.
Quantity of Sale.

17. Quantity of Sale.
0
Price
Demand Curve
 related between price and quantity of sale.

18. MONEY
 Function of Money
1) Medium of Exchange
2) Store of Value
3) A standard unity of Account
4) Standard of deferred payment
Profit
Total Income – Total Cost = Net Profit

19. Goods & Services
 Goods - Tangible things
 Services - In tangible things
Services Sectors
1) Transportation
2) Communication
3) Commence or Trade
4) Banking System
5) Education
6) Entertainment
7) Health Services

20. Factors of Production
1) Land
2) Labour
3) Capital
4) Technology
5) Enterprise
6) Entrepreneurs or Entrepreneurship
Input ---------- Output
Communism (Formula)
Nature + Labour Power = Value

21. Types of Goods
 Raw Material & Finished Goods
Changeable
Example ; Rice, Bamboo, Iron…. Etc
 Semi-finished goods
Consumer Goods & Producer Goods
Durable Use Goods & Single Use Goods
Perishable Goods & Non-perishable Goods

22. Mass Production
 Specialization
 Division of Labour
 Standardization
Are use as Basic Principles.
To produce the large amount of Quantity.
Owner are use the mass production process for the
lowest cost of production.

23. Division of Labour
 Do you have the Division of Labour in your
Environment?
 WHY ?
 Write down to Skill Labour.

24. Mass Production (Needs)
 Modern Hi-tech machinery
 Advance Technology and Instruments
ADVANTAGES
 Low Cost
 High Quantity
 High Quality
Initiated Ford’s Car industry – so called Fordism.

25. Price
 Marketing Mix (4P)
1) Product
2) Place
3) Price
4) Promotion
Price is cost for product.
Cause of changing price is the competition of Market.
Market Economy have INVESIBLE HAND. (Adam Smith)

26. Trends of Production
 Comparative Advantages
 Competitive Advantages
 David Ricardo –
 Globalization – Outsourcing

27. International Trade
communicate between Producer & Consumer
Basis factor effect
 Geographical Condition
 Economic Development
 Government Policy
 Other Factors
 Such as Behaviors of Human

28. Industrial Development Factors
 Internal & External Market
 Labor Intensive
 Forest Resource
 Agricultural Resource
 Mineral Resource
 Technology Advantage
 Well Transport way
(Related with Geographical Condition and
Economic growth)

40.  The second problem is
that 80 % of China’s
imported oil goes
through the Straits of
Malacca
 They fear that the USA
or India in the future
could use that as a
chock point and cut of
China’s import of Oil.