an attempt to trace the origin of terrorism in the world...

2. THE MAIN EVENTS
• COLD WAR 1947 – 1991
• OPERATION CYCLONE, AFGHANISTAN, 1979 – 1989
• BIRTH OF AL QAEDA, PAKISTAN 1988
• OPERATION DELIBERATE FORCE, BOSNIA WAR, 1992 – 1995
• THE RISE OF TALIBAN 1996 – 2001
• OPERATION IRAQIFREEDOM, IRAQ INVASION, 2003, BIRTH OFISI
• WITHDRAWAL OF U.S. MILITARY FORCES FROM IRAQ 2007- 2011
• WITHDRAWAL OF U.S. MILITARY FORCES FROM IRAQ DECEMBER 2007- DECEMBER 2011
• SYRIAN CIVIL WAR, 2011 – PRESENT, RISE OF ISIS
• PRESENT SCENARIO (ISIS IS RECEIVING STRONG FIGHT)
• AMERICAN AIR STRIKES

3. COLD WAR 1947 - 1991
• COLD WAR WAS A STATE OF POLITICAL AND MILITARY TENSION AFTER
WORLD WAR LL BETWEEN POWERS IN THE WESTERN BLOC (NATO) AND
POWERS IN THE EASTERN BLOC (WARSAW PACT).
• THE COLD WAR ENDED WITH THE FORMAL DISSOLUTION OF USSR IN
DECEMBER 1991. THE UNITED STATES REMAINED AS THE ONLY SUPERPOWER.
• THE COLD WAR REQUIRED PROXY WAR TO BE FOUGHT IN WHICH BOTH THE
PARTIES CHOSE AND SUPPORTED THEIR ALLIES FOR THEIR OWN INTEREST.
THE US SUPPORTED MUJAJIDEENS WHEN AND WHERE REQUIRED.

4. OPERATION CYCLONE, AFGHANISTAN, 1979 –
1989
• THROUGH OPERATION CYCLONE THE CIA FUNNELED MILLIONS OF
DOLLARS TO AFGHAN MUJAHIDEEN VIA ISI OF PAKISTAN TO FIGHT
SOVIET OCCUPATION FAVOURING THE AFGHAN MARXIST REGIME IN
AFGHANISTAN
• ARAB MUJAHIDEEN ALSO JOINED THE JIHAD AGAINST THE AFGHAN
MARXIST REGIME, FACILITATED BY INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS,
ESPECIALLY MAKTAB AL KHIDMAT FOUNDED BY OSAMA BIN LADEN
• THE ASSETS COLLECTED AND NETWORKS CREATED AS A RESULT WERE
TO BE USED MAKTAB AL KHIDMAT TO FUND AND RUN A GLOBAL JIHAD.

5. BIRTH OF AL QAEDA, PESHAWAR,
PAKISTAN 1988
• TOWARD THE END OF THE SOVIET MILITARY MISSION IN AFGHANISTAN,
SOME MUJAHIDEEN WANTED TO EXPAND THEIR OPERATIONS TO
INCLUDE ISLAMIST STRUGGLES IN OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD, SUCH
AS ISRAEL AND KASHMIR. A NUMBER OF OVERLAPPING AND
INTERRELATED ORGANIZATIONS WERE FORMED, TO FURTHER THOSE
ASPIRATIONS.
• ONE OF THESE WAS AL QAEDA FORMED IN PESHAWAR PAKISTAN, 1988

6. OPERATION DELIBERATE FORCE, BOSNIA
WAR, 1992 – 1995
• BOSNIAN WAR WAS A TERRITORIAL CONFLICT
BETWEEN SERBIAN FORCE ON ONE SIDE AND
BOSNIAK AND CROAT FORCES ON THE OTHER SIDE.
• FOREIGN MUJAHIDEEN ARRIVED IN BOSNIA TO HELP
BOSNIAKS WHILE NATO INTERVENED IN 1995
• IT HAS BEEN SAID THAT THERE WAS US-AL QAEDA
ALLIANCE IN THE BOSNIAN WAR.
• BOSNIAN WAR WAS AMONG THE FIRST STEPS OF AL
QAEDA TOWARDS GLOBAL JIHAD.

7. THE RISE OF TALIBAN 1996 – 2001
• BIN LADEN AND AL QAEDA BASED THEMSELVES IN
AFGHANISTAN AFTER TALIBAN WHICH
CONSTIUTED THE ORPHANS OF THE WAR AND
OTHER MUJAHIDEENS FORMED A GOVERNMENT
IN AFGHANISTAN THOUGH IT WAS ONLY
CONSIDERED LEGITIMATE BY PAKISTAN, SAUDI
ARABIA AND UAE.

8. OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM, 2001
• OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM WAS AN
INTERVENTION BY NATO FOLLOWING 9 11 ATTACKS,
ITS AIMS WERE TO DISMANTLE AL QAEDA AND
DENYING IT A SAFE BASE IN AFGHANISTAN BY
REMOVING TALIBAN FROM POWER.
• THE US AND ITS ALLIES DROVE TALIBAN FROM
POWER.
• MOST OF THE AL QAEDA AND TALIBAN ESCAPED
INTO PAKISTAN AND REMOTE MOUNTAINOUS
REGIONS.

9. OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM-IRAQ INVASION, 2003.
BIRTH OF ISI
• WITH THE INVASION OF IRAQ, THE JORDANIAN SALAFI
JIHADIST ABU MUSAB AL ZARQAWI AND HIS MILITANT
GROUP JAMA’AT AL TAWHID WAL JIHAD CARRIED OUT
ATTACK AGAINST THE COALITION FORCES.
• IN OCTOBER 2004 IT PLEDGED ALLEGIANCE TO BIN
LADEN’S AL QAEDA WHICH CAME TO BE KNOWN AS AL
QAEDA IN IRAQ (AQI)
• ON 7 JUNE, AL-ZARQAWI WAS KILLED IN A US AIRSTRIKE
AND WAS SUCCEEDED AS LEADER OF THE GROUP BY THE
EGYPTIAN MILITANT ABU AYYUB AL MASRI
• ON 13 OCTOBER 2006, THE MUJAHIDEEN SHURA COUNCIL
DECLARED THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ISLAMIC STATE OF
IRAQ (ISI), COMPRISING IRAQ'S SIX MOSTLY SUNNI ARAB
GOVERNORATES, WITH ABU OMAR AL-BAGHDADI BEING
ANNOUNCED AS ITS EMIR, AL-MASRI WAS GIVEN THE TITLE
OF MINISTER OF WAR

10. THE DECLINE OF ISI- LOSING FOOTHOLD IN IRAQ
• IN A MAJOR BLOW TO AQI, MANY FORMER SUNNI
MILITANTS WHO HAD PREVIOUSLY FOUGHT ALONGSIDE
THE GROUP STARTED TO WORK WITH THE US ARMED
FORCES. AL-QAEDA SEEMED TO HAVE LOST ITS FOOTHOLD
IN IRAQ.
• US AND IRAQI OFFENSIVESMANAGED TO DRIVE OUT THE
AQI-ALIGNED INSURGENTS FROM THEIR FORMER SAFE
HAVENS, SUCH AS THE DIYALA AND AL ANBAR
GOVERNORATES AND THE EMBATTLED CAPITAL OF
BAGHDAD, TO THE AREA OF THE NORTHERN CITY OF
MOSUL
• ON 18 APRIL 2010, THE ISI'S TWO TOP LEADERS, ABU AYYUB
AL-MASRI AND ABU OMAR AL-BAGHDADI, WERE KILLED IN A
JOINT US-IRAQI RAID NEAR TIKRIT
• 16 MAY 2010, ABU BAKR AL-BAGHDADI WAS
APPOINTED THE NEW LEADER OF THE ISLAMIC STATE OF
IRAQ

11. WITHDRAWAL OF U.S. MILITARY FORCES FROM
IRAQ DECEMBER 2007- DECEMBER 2011
• IN JULY 2012, AL-BAGHDADI ANNOUNCED THAT
THE GROUP WAS RETURNING TO THE FORMER
STRONGHOLDS FROM WHICH US TROOPS AND
THEIR SUNNI ALLIES HAD DRIVEN THEM PRIOR
TO THE WITHDRAWAL OF US TROOPS.
• THE BREAKING THE WALLS CAMPAIGN
CULMINATED IN JULY 2013, WITH THE ISI
CARRYING OUT SIMULTANEOUS RAIDS ON TAJI
AND ABU GHRAIB PRISON, FREEING MORE THAN
500 PRISONERS, MANY OF THEM VETERANS OF
THE IRAQI INSURGENCY

12. SYRIAN CIVIL WAR, 2011 – PRESENT.
RISE OF ISIS
• IN MARCH 2011, PROTESTS BEGAN IN SYRIA AGAINST
THE GOVERNMENT OF BASHAR AL-ASSAD
• IN AUGUST 2011, ABU BAKR AL-BAGHDADI BEGAN
SENDING SYRIAN AND IRAQI ISI MEMBERS
EXPERIENCED IN GUERILLA WARFARE ACROSS THE
BORDER INTO SYRIA IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH AN
ORGANIZATION INSIDE THE COUNTRY.
•AL-NUSRA FRONT WAS THUS FORMED LED BY A
SYRIAN KNOWN AS ABU MUHAMMAD AL JAWLANI
• AL-NUSRA FRONT LATER MERGED WITH ISIL.
• ON 11 OCTOBER 2014, ISIL DISPATCHED 10,000 MILITANTS
FROM SYRIA AND MOSUL TO CAPTURE THE IRAQI CAPITAL
CITY OF BAGHDAD
• AT THE END OF OCTOBER 2014, 800 RADICAL MILITANTS IN
CONTROL OF THE LIBYAN CITY OF DERNA PLEDGED THEIR
ALLEGIANCE TO ABU BAKR AL-BAGHDADI, THUS MAKING
DERNA THE FIRST CITY OUTSIDE SYRIA AND IRAQ TO BE A
PART OF THE SO-CALLED "ISLAMIC STATE CALIPHATE”

13. ISIL
GOALS
FOUNDATION OF AN
ISLAMIC STATE OR
CALIPHATE LED BY A
GROUP OF RELIGIOUS
AUTHORITIES UNDER A
SUPREME LEADER- CALIPH-
WHO IS BELIEVED TO BE
THE SUCCESSOR OF
MUHAMMAD.
LEADERSHIP
LEADER-
ABU BAKR AL BAGHDADI
DEPUTY LEADERS-
ABU MUSLIM AL TURKMANI (KIA)
FOR IRAQ AND ABU ALI AL ANBARI
GOVERNANCE
DESPITE BEING AS BRUTAL AS BEFORE,
ISIL HAS BECOME "WELL ENTRENCHED"
AMONG THE POPULATION. IT HAS
REPLACED CORRUPT GOVERNANCE WITH
FUNCTIONING LOCALLY CONTROLLED
AUTHORITIES, SERVICES HAVE BEEN
RESTORED WITH ADEQUATE SUPPLIES OF
WATER AND OIL. FURTHER SOLIDIFYING
ISIL RULE IS THE CONTROL OF WHEAT
PRODUCTION, WHICH IS ROUGHLY 40%
OF IRAQ'S PRODUCTION. ISIL HAS
MAINTAINED FOOD PRODUCTION,
CRUCIAL TO GOVERNANCE AND
POPULAR SUPPORT.

14. ISIL
• THE FLAG
ISIL'S PHILOSOPHY IS WELL REPRESENTED BY THE
SYMBOLISM IN THE BLACK STANDARD VARIANT OF THE
LEGENDARY BATTLE FLAG OF MUHAMMAD THAT IT HAS
ADOPTED. THE FLAG SHOWS THE SEAL OF THE
MUHAMMAD WITHIN A WHITE CIRCLE, WITH THE
PHRASE ABOVE IT, "THERE IS NO GOD BUT ALLAH".

15. PRESENT SCENARIO (ISIS IS RECEIVING STRONG FIGHT)
SEPTEMBER (SIEGE OF KOBANI)
ISIS HAS BEEN TRYING TO TAKE KOBANI
A TOWN BORDERING TURKEY BUT
KURDISH FIGHTERS, WITH HEAVY
AMERICAN SUPPORT, HAVE PUSHED ISIS
BACK. THE KURDISH RESISTANCE HAS
SHATTERED THE PERCEPTION OF ISIS
INVINCIBILITY - A CRUCIAL ELEMENT OF
ITS RECRUITING PITCH.
OCTOBER (BABIL, ANBAR)
ISIS SUFFERED A DEFEAT IN AN EVEN
MORE CRUCIAL AREA. IRAQI
GOVERNMENT FORCES TOOK JURF AL-
SAKHAR, A TOWN (IN THE AREA LABELED
NORTHERN BABIL IN THE BELOW MAP)
WHICH IS AN ISIS STRONGHOLD. THIS
WAS A REAL DEFEAT.
NOVEMBER (BATTLE OF RAMADI)
IRAQI FORCES BACKED BY ALLIED TRIBAL
FIGHTERS HAVE CONTINUED TO ADVANCE
AGAINST ISIS POSITIONS IN THE RESTIVE ANBAR
PROVINCE. GOVERNMENT FORCES ARE
ADVANCING AGAINST ISIS POSITIONS ACROSS
ANBAR, INCLUDING PROVINCIAL CAPITAL RAMADI.
IRAQI PRIME MINISTER HAIDER AL-ABADI HAD
ALSO PLEDGED TO SEND MORE TROOPS TO THE
PROVINCIAL CAPITAL TO ENSURE THAT IT
REMAINS OUTSIDE OF ISIS HANDS.

17. AMERICAN AIR
STRIKES
AMERICAN AIR STRIKES ARE NOT GOING TO
DEFEAT ISIS, BUT THEY HAVE SERIOUSLY
LIMITED THE GROUP'S ABILITY TO CONDUCT
OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS.
"AIRPOWER HAS MADE IT DIFFICULT FOR ISIS
TO CONCENTRATE ITS FORCES IN LARGE
NUMBERS,"
"IT HAS MADE IT MORE DANGEROUS TO
REPOSITION ITS EQUIPMENT AND FORCES,
SLOWING DOWN ITS REACTION TIMES AND
COMPLICATING ITS COMMAND AND
CONTROL. AS A RESULT, ISIS IS A FAR MORE
DISPERSED FORCE THAN IT WAS IN JUNE."

18. THANK YOU
AVISHEK DUTTA CHOUDHURY, COMPLETED 13TH JANUARY, 2015.
MATERIALS SOURCE: HTTP://WWW.VOX.COM/2014/10/28/7079695/ISIS-IRAQ-SYRIA-DEFEAT,
HTTP://WWW.GLOBALRESEARCH.CA/THE-US-AL-QAEDA-ALLIANCE-BOSNIA-KOSOVO-AND-NOW-LIBYA-WASHINGTON-
S-ON-GOING-COLLUSION-WITH-TERRORISTS/25829 ,
HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/ISLAMIC_STATE_OF_IRAQ_AND_THE_LEVANT,
HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/AL-QAEDA,
HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/WAR_IN_AFGHANISTAN_(2001%E2%80%93PRESENT).
MUSIC: CHRISTIAN BACZYK – RUN OR DIE (MP3.PM)