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Telemedicine, Telehealth, and Telecare
Seyed Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh
‫تعریف‬‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پزشکی‬
•104‫سال‬ ‫تا‬ ‫واژه‬ ‫این‬ ‫برای‬ ‫متخصصان‬ ‫دید‬ ‫از‬ ‫معنی‬2007(WHO, 2010)
•‫استفاده‬‫الکت‬ ‫ارتباطات‬ ‫توسط‬ ‫دیگر‬ ‫مرکز‬ ‫به‬ ‫مرکزی‬ ‫بین‬ ‫شده‬ ‫تبادل‬ ‫پزشکی‬ ‫اطالعات‬ ‫از‬‫منظور‬ ‫به‬ ‫رونیکی‬
‫باشد‬ ‫می‬ ‫بیمار‬ ‫یک‬ ‫سالمتی‬ ‫وضعیت‬ ‫بهبود‬.(ATA, 2013)
•‫فراهم‬‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ارتباطات‬ ‫توسط‬ ‫بهداشتی‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫آوردن‬.‫ای‬ ‫مشاوره‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫شامل‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫این‬ ‫که‬
‫شوند‬ ‫می‬ ‫تشخیصی‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫و‬ ‫تعاملی‬.(United States National Library of Medicine MeSH, 2013)
• “The delivery of health care services, where distance is a critical factor, by all health care
professionals using information and communication technologies for the exchange of valid
information for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease and injuries, research and
evaluation, and for the continuing education of health care providers, all in the interests of
advancing the health of individuals and their communities”(WHO,2010)
‫تعریف‬‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پزشکی‬(‫ادامه‬)
•Tele+Medicine
•‫عامل‬‫تعاریف‬ ‫اشتراک‬:‫ی‬ ‫حوزه‬ ‫در‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫برای‬ ‫ارتباطات‬ ‫با‬ ‫مرتبط‬ ‫های‬ ‫فناوری‬ ‫از‬ ‫استفاده‬‫بهداش‬‫در‬ ‫ت‬
‫فواصل‬‫باشد‬ ‫می‬(Fong, 2010)
Tele Medicine Telemedicine
‫تاریخچه‬
•‫مشخص‬ ‫بهداشتی‬ ‫مراقبت‬ ‫در‬ ‫ارتباطات‬ ‫فناوری‬ ‫بکارگیری‬ ‫دقیق‬ ‫تاریخ‬‫نیست‬(Brown,1982)
•‫شود‬ ‫می‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫متفاوتی‬ ‫های‬ ‫تاریخچه‬ ‫مختلف‬ ‫منابع‬ ‫دید‬ ‫از‬.(Norris, 2001)
•‫سال‬ ‫در‬ ‫مفهوم‬1924‫شد‬ ‫آورده‬ ‫رادیویی‬ ‫دکتر‬ ‫عنوان‬ ‫با‬ ‫ای‬ ‫روزنامه‬ ‫در‬.(Fong, 2010)
‫تاریخچه‬(‫ادامه‬)
•‫دهه‬‫ی‬1820‫تا‬1920‫تلفن‬ ‫و‬ ‫تلگراف‬ ‫میالدی‬
•‫دهه‬‫ی‬1920‫تا‬1950‫میالدی‬‫ارتباطات‬‫رادیویی‬
•‫ی‬ ‫دهه‬1950‫تا‬1980‫فضایی‬ ‫های‬ ‫فناوری‬ ‫و‬ ‫تلویزیون‬ ‫میالدی‬
•‫ی‬ ‫دهه‬1990‫دیجیتال‬ ‫فناوری‬ ‫میالدی‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫به‬
(Norris, 2001)(Zundel, 1996(
‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پزشکی‬ ‫ی‬ ‫توسعه‬ ‫فنی‬ ‫های‬ ‫محرک‬
•‫اطالعات‬ ‫و‬ ‫محاسبات‬ ‫فناوری‬
•‫ارتباطات‬ ‫ساخت‬ ‫زیر‬ ‫و‬ ‫شبکه‬
•‫محور‬ ‫تکنولوژی‬ ‫ی‬ ‫جامعه‬
(Norris, 2001)
‫ی‬ ‫توسعه‬ ‫فنی‬ ‫غیر‬ ‫های‬ ‫محرک‬‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پزشکی‬
•‫بهداشتی‬ ‫مراقبت‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫به‬ ‫دسترسی‬ ‫گسترش‬
•‫خدمات‬ ‫ی‬ ‫هزینه‬ ‫کاهش‬
•‫بهداشتی‬ ‫های‬ ‫سیاست‬
•‫مسافران‬ ‫برای‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫آوردن‬ ‫فراهم‬
•‫نظامی‬ ‫کاربردهای‬
•‫خانگی‬ ‫مراقبت‬
•‫بازار‬ ‫ی‬ ‫توسعه‬
(Norris, 2001)
Telemedicine, Telehealth, and Telecare
Telemedicine
tele – Greek “far”, “at a distance”
 medicine delivered at a distance
 The use of information and communication technologies to transfer
medical information for the delivery of clinical and educational services
(CRĂCIUN, 2010)
(Lindenau-Stockfisch,2011)
(Tan,2009)
Telemedicine, Telehealth, and Telecare
Telehealth
 The use of information and communication technologies to transfer
healthcare information for the delivery of clinical, administrative and
educational services
 Introduced as a field in mid 1990’s
 Transfer data and medical information
Learning courses
Public medical info channels
Consultations (psychiatric i.e.)
(CRĂCIUN, 2010)
(Lindenau-Stockfisch,2011)
(Tan,2009)
Telemedicine, Telehealth, and Telecare
Telecare
 The use of information and communication technologies to transfer
medical information for the diagnosis and therapy of patients in their place
of domicile
 For a specific group of patients with long-term chronic conditions
 Mental health
 Disability
 With reduce freedom of movement
(CRĂCIUN, 2010)
(Lindenau-Stockfisch,2011)
(Tan,2009)
Telemedicine, Telehealth, and Telecare
•‫اطالعات‬ ‫فناوری‬ ‫از‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫در‬ ‫سه‬ ‫هر‬ ‫اشتراک‬
•Telehealth:‫شامل‬ ‫کلی‬ ‫ی‬ ‫دامنه‬ ‫با‬ ‫ای‬ ‫واژه‬:
•‫کلینیکی‬
•‫مدیریتی‬
•‫آموزشی‬
•Telecare:
•‫کلینیکی‬‫مریض‬ ‫خود‬ ‫محل‬ ‫در‬
•Telemedicine:
•‫کلینیکی‬
•‫آموزشی‬
(Norris, 2001) (CRĂCIUN, 2010) (Globalmed, 2013)
‫دریافت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ارسال‬ ‫زمان‬ ‫نظر‬ ‫از‬ ‫ارتباطی‬ ‫فناوری‬ ‫انواع‬
•‫همزمان‬(‫بالدرنگ‬)synchronous(real-time)
•‫همزمان‬ ‫غیر‬)‫ارسال‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذخیره‬(asynchronous (store and forward)
(Maheu, 2001)(Smith, 2012)
‫همزمان‬(‫بالدرنگ‬)
•‫شود‬ ‫می‬ ‫دریافت‬ ‫ارسال‬ ‫از‬ ‫پس‬ ‫بالفاصله‬ ‫مخاطب‬ ‫به‬ ‫تصویری‬ ‫و‬ ‫صوتی‬ ‫جریان‬ ، ‫ای‬ ،‫داده‬ ‫فایل‬
•‫همزمان‬ ‫تعامل‬ ‫و‬ ‫بحث‬ ‫امکان‬
(Maheu, 2001)
‫همزمان‬ ‫غیر‬(‫ارسال‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذخیره‬)
•‫ندارد‬ ‫فرستنده‬ ‫و‬ ‫گیرنده‬ ‫بودن‬ ‫زمان‬ ‫یک‬ ‫به‬ ‫نیازی‬.
(Maheu, 2001)
‫انواع‬‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پزشکی‬
Tele A&E
Tele-consulting
Tele-diagnosis
Tele-monitoring
Tele-surgery
…
(Fong, 2010)
‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫مشاوره‬
‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫آموزش‬
‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پایش‬
‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫جراحی‬
(Norris, 2001)
‫انواع‬‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پزشکی‬‫دور‬(‫ادامه‬)
(Fong, 2010)
‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫مشاوره‬
•‫همزمان‬ ‫غیر‬ ‫و‬ ‫همزمان‬ ‫ارتباطی‬ ‫فناوری‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫دو‬ ‫هر‬ ‫از‬ ‫استفاده‬
•‫دکتر‬ ‫ی‬ ‫مشاوره‬ ‫در‬ ‫همزمان‬-‫ویدیویی‬ ‫لینک‬ ‫طریق‬ ‫از‬ ‫بیمار‬
•‫حجیم‬ ‫تصویر‬ ‫ارسال‬ ‫و‬ ‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫رادیوگرافی‬ ‫در‬ ‫همزمان‬ ‫غیر‬X-ray‫و‬ ‫شبکه‬ ‫خلوت‬ ‫ترافیک‬ ‫زمان‬ ‫در‬
‫تصویر‬ ‫دریافت‬ ‫از‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫پزشک‬ ‫تجویز‬
(Norris, 2001)
‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫آموزش‬
•‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫مشاوره‬ ‫طریق‬ ‫از‬ ‫کلینیکی‬ ‫آموزش‬
•‫اینترنت‬ ‫طریق‬ ‫از‬ ‫کلینیکی‬ ‫آموزش‬
•‫اینترنت‬ ‫طریق‬ ‫از‬ ‫دانشگاهی‬ ‫تحصیالت‬
•‫اینترنت‬ ‫طریق‬ ‫از‬ ‫عمومی‬ ‫آموزش‬
(Norris, 2001)
‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پایش‬
•‫بیمار‬ ‫وضعیت‬ ‫به‬ ‫مربوط‬ ‫ی‬ ‫داده‬ ‫مکرر‬ ‫گرفتن‬ ‫برای‬ ‫ارتباطی‬ ‫لینک‬ ‫از‬ ‫استفاده‬
•‫همزمان‬ ‫غیر‬ ‫و‬ ‫همزمان‬ ‫ارتباطی‬ ‫فناوری‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫دو‬ ‫از‬ ‫استفاده‬
•‫قلب‬ ‫ضربان‬ ‫کنترل‬ ،‫خون‬ ‫قند‬ ‫کنترل‬ ،‫خون‬ ‫فشار‬ ‫کردن‬ ‫کنترل‬(Norris, 2001)
‫جراحی‬‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬
Robotic surgery
Telerobotic surgery
Telepresence
Telementoring
(Ballantyne ,2002)
‫روش‬ ‫به‬Telementoring
‫روش‬ ‫به‬Telepresence surgery
(Norris, 2001)
‫در‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫مورد‬ ‫ارتباطی‬ ‫های‬ ‫فناوری‬‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پزشکی‬
•Bluetooth‫در‬‫سنسورهای‬‫پوشیدنی‬ ‫ریز‬
•IR‫انتقال‬ ‫در‬ECG‫داده‬ ‫کوچک‬ ‫های‬ ‫بخش‬ ‫با‬
•Wi-Fi‫بیمار‬ ‫محل‬ ‫از‬ ‫بیرون‬ ‫پایش‬ ‫در‬
•ZigBee‫ی‬ ‫شبکه‬ ‫در‬‫سنسورهای‬‫بدن‬ ‫سطح‬
(Fong, 2010)
‫در‬ ‫ارتباطی‬ ‫های‬ ‫شبکه‬ ‫تاثیر‬‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پزشکی‬
•‫اطمینان‬ ‫قابلیت‬:QoS
•‫اطالعات‬ ‫اشتراک‬
•‫صوتی‬ ‫انتقال‬
•‫ثابت‬ ‫تصاویر‬ ‫انتقال‬
•‫انتقال‬‫فیلم‬
•‫داده‬ ‫های‬ ‫پایگاه‬
•‫حیاتی‬ ‫عالئم‬ ‫انتقال‬
(Fong, 2010)
‫مزایای‬‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پزشکی‬
•‫بهداشتی‬ ‫مراقبت‬ ‫به‬ ‫بهتر‬ ‫دسترسی‬(CDAC, 2013)(Globalmed, 2013)(Norris, 2001)
•‫مرتبط‬ ‫افراد‬ ‫بین‬ ‫یافته‬ ‫ارتقا‬ ‫ارتباطات‬(Globalmed, 2013)(Norris, 2001)
•‫اطالعات‬ ‫به‬ ‫تر‬ ‫آسان‬ ‫دسترسی‬(Norris, 2001)
•‫بهره‬‫وری‬‫منابع‬ ‫باالتر‬(Norris, 2001)
•‫ها‬ ‫هزینه‬ ‫کاهش‬(CDAC, 2013)(Globalmed, 2013)(Norris, 2001)
‫های‬ ‫محدودیت‬‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پزشکی‬
•‫مرتبط‬ ‫افراد‬ ‫و‬ ‫مریض‬ ‫ضعیف‬ ‫ارتباط‬
•‫اضافه‬ ‫های‬ ‫آموزش‬
•‫پروتکل‬ ‫ایجاد‬ ‫دشواری‬
•‫بهداشتی‬ ‫های‬ ‫داده‬ ‫کیفیت‬ ‫از‬ ‫اطمینان‬ ‫عدم‬
(Hjelm,2005)(Norris, 2001)
‫های‬ ‫چالش‬‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پزشکی‬
•‫کم‬ ‫باند‬ ‫پهنای‬(‫کشورها‬ ‫بعضی‬ ‫در‬)
•‫و‬ ‫بیماران‬ ‫ترس‬‫نامانوس‬‫ها‬ ‫فناوری‬ ‫این‬ ‫با‬ ‫آنها‬ ‫بودن‬
•‫بودجه‬
•‫دولتی‬ ‫حمایت‬
(WHO, 2010)(Norris, 2001)(Khandhar, 2011)
• WHO, Telemedicine Opportunities and developments in Member States, Global Observatory for
eHealth series(2010) – Vol.2,
• American Telemedicine Association, retrieved 2013
• Medical Subject Heading, http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh , retrieved 2013
• Brown JHU, Telecommunications for health care., CRC Pr I Llc(1982)
• Fong, B., Fong, A. C. M. and Li, C. K. (2010) Introduction, in Telemedicine Technologies:
Information Technologies in Medicine and Telehealth, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK. doi:
10.1002/9780470972151.ch1
• Lindenau-Stockfisch Verena,Lean Management in Hospitals: Principles and Key Factors for
Successful Implementation,Bachelor + Master (2011)
• Zundel Karen M., Telemedicine:history, applications, and impact on librarianship, Bull Med Libr
Assoc(1996)
• Ballantyne G. H.,Robotic surgery, telerobotic surgery, telepresence, and tlementoring, Surg
Endosc(2002)
‫مراجع‬ ‫و‬ ‫منابع‬
• NASA,Innovation aerospace technology(1997),Vol.5, Num.3,http://ipp.nasa.gov/innovation/Innovation53/telembeg.htm
• Golbalmed, 2013, http://www.globalmed.com/additional-resources/telehealth-telecare-and-telemedicine-whats-the-
difference.php
• CRĂCIUN, Andrei Mihai, Telemedicine and Telecare basics presentation(2010)
• Tan Joseph,Adaptive Health Management Information Systems: Concepts, Cases, & Practical Applications, Jones &
Bartlett(2009)
• Norris, A. C.,Essentials of telemedicine and telecare, Wiley(2001)
• Smith, Robert, Synchronus vs. Asynchronous Communications in Virtual Care(2012)
• Maheu , Marlene M., Whitten, Pamela,Allen Ace, E-Health, Telehealth, and Telemedicine A Guide to Startup and Success
Jossey Bass (2001)
• C-DAC Indian Centre for Development of Advanced Computing,Advantages of telemedicine, 2013,
http://210.212.237.165/MedicalInformatics/advantages.jsp
• Hjelm N M,Benedits and drawbacks of telemedicine,Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare(2005)
• Dr. Khandhar Vinod, TELEMEDICINE PROJECTS IN INDIA presentation(2011)
‫مراجع‬ ‫و‬ ‫منابع‬(‫ادامه‬)
‫سواالت‬
‫شما‬ ‫از‬ ‫تشکر‬ ‫با‬

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Telemedicine دوراپزشکی

  • 1.
  • 2. Telemedicine, Telehealth, and Telecare Seyed Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh
  • 3. ‫تعریف‬‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پزشکی‬ •104‫سال‬ ‫تا‬ ‫واژه‬ ‫این‬ ‫برای‬ ‫متخصصان‬ ‫دید‬ ‫از‬ ‫معنی‬2007(WHO, 2010) •‫استفاده‬‫الکت‬ ‫ارتباطات‬ ‫توسط‬ ‫دیگر‬ ‫مرکز‬ ‫به‬ ‫مرکزی‬ ‫بین‬ ‫شده‬ ‫تبادل‬ ‫پزشکی‬ ‫اطالعات‬ ‫از‬‫منظور‬ ‫به‬ ‫رونیکی‬ ‫باشد‬ ‫می‬ ‫بیمار‬ ‫یک‬ ‫سالمتی‬ ‫وضعیت‬ ‫بهبود‬.(ATA, 2013) •‫فراهم‬‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ارتباطات‬ ‫توسط‬ ‫بهداشتی‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫آوردن‬.‫ای‬ ‫مشاوره‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫شامل‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫این‬ ‫که‬ ‫شوند‬ ‫می‬ ‫تشخیصی‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫و‬ ‫تعاملی‬.(United States National Library of Medicine MeSH, 2013) • “The delivery of health care services, where distance is a critical factor, by all health care professionals using information and communication technologies for the exchange of valid information for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease and injuries, research and evaluation, and for the continuing education of health care providers, all in the interests of advancing the health of individuals and their communities”(WHO,2010)
  • 4. ‫تعریف‬‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پزشکی‬(‫ادامه‬) •Tele+Medicine •‫عامل‬‫تعاریف‬ ‫اشتراک‬:‫ی‬ ‫حوزه‬ ‫در‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫برای‬ ‫ارتباطات‬ ‫با‬ ‫مرتبط‬ ‫های‬ ‫فناوری‬ ‫از‬ ‫استفاده‬‫بهداش‬‫در‬ ‫ت‬ ‫فواصل‬‫باشد‬ ‫می‬(Fong, 2010) Tele Medicine Telemedicine
  • 5. ‫تاریخچه‬ •‫مشخص‬ ‫بهداشتی‬ ‫مراقبت‬ ‫در‬ ‫ارتباطات‬ ‫فناوری‬ ‫بکارگیری‬ ‫دقیق‬ ‫تاریخ‬‫نیست‬(Brown,1982) •‫شود‬ ‫می‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫متفاوتی‬ ‫های‬ ‫تاریخچه‬ ‫مختلف‬ ‫منابع‬ ‫دید‬ ‫از‬.(Norris, 2001) •‫سال‬ ‫در‬ ‫مفهوم‬1924‫شد‬ ‫آورده‬ ‫رادیویی‬ ‫دکتر‬ ‫عنوان‬ ‫با‬ ‫ای‬ ‫روزنامه‬ ‫در‬.(Fong, 2010)
  • 6. ‫تاریخچه‬(‫ادامه‬) •‫دهه‬‫ی‬1820‫تا‬1920‫تلفن‬ ‫و‬ ‫تلگراف‬ ‫میالدی‬ •‫دهه‬‫ی‬1920‫تا‬1950‫میالدی‬‫ارتباطات‬‫رادیویی‬ •‫ی‬ ‫دهه‬1950‫تا‬1980‫فضایی‬ ‫های‬ ‫فناوری‬ ‫و‬ ‫تلویزیون‬ ‫میالدی‬ •‫ی‬ ‫دهه‬1990‫دیجیتال‬ ‫فناوری‬ ‫میالدی‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫به‬ (Norris, 2001)(Zundel, 1996(
  • 7. ‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پزشکی‬ ‫ی‬ ‫توسعه‬ ‫فنی‬ ‫های‬ ‫محرک‬ •‫اطالعات‬ ‫و‬ ‫محاسبات‬ ‫فناوری‬ •‫ارتباطات‬ ‫ساخت‬ ‫زیر‬ ‫و‬ ‫شبکه‬ •‫محور‬ ‫تکنولوژی‬ ‫ی‬ ‫جامعه‬ (Norris, 2001)
  • 8. ‫ی‬ ‫توسعه‬ ‫فنی‬ ‫غیر‬ ‫های‬ ‫محرک‬‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پزشکی‬ •‫بهداشتی‬ ‫مراقبت‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫به‬ ‫دسترسی‬ ‫گسترش‬ •‫خدمات‬ ‫ی‬ ‫هزینه‬ ‫کاهش‬ •‫بهداشتی‬ ‫های‬ ‫سیاست‬ •‫مسافران‬ ‫برای‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫آوردن‬ ‫فراهم‬ •‫نظامی‬ ‫کاربردهای‬ •‫خانگی‬ ‫مراقبت‬ •‫بازار‬ ‫ی‬ ‫توسعه‬ (Norris, 2001)
  • 9. Telemedicine, Telehealth, and Telecare Telemedicine tele – Greek “far”, “at a distance”  medicine delivered at a distance  The use of information and communication technologies to transfer medical information for the delivery of clinical and educational services (CRĂCIUN, 2010) (Lindenau-Stockfisch,2011) (Tan,2009)
  • 10. Telemedicine, Telehealth, and Telecare Telehealth  The use of information and communication technologies to transfer healthcare information for the delivery of clinical, administrative and educational services  Introduced as a field in mid 1990’s  Transfer data and medical information Learning courses Public medical info channels Consultations (psychiatric i.e.) (CRĂCIUN, 2010) (Lindenau-Stockfisch,2011) (Tan,2009)
  • 11. Telemedicine, Telehealth, and Telecare Telecare  The use of information and communication technologies to transfer medical information for the diagnosis and therapy of patients in their place of domicile  For a specific group of patients with long-term chronic conditions  Mental health  Disability  With reduce freedom of movement (CRĂCIUN, 2010) (Lindenau-Stockfisch,2011) (Tan,2009)
  • 12. Telemedicine, Telehealth, and Telecare •‫اطالعات‬ ‫فناوری‬ ‫از‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫در‬ ‫سه‬ ‫هر‬ ‫اشتراک‬ •Telehealth:‫شامل‬ ‫کلی‬ ‫ی‬ ‫دامنه‬ ‫با‬ ‫ای‬ ‫واژه‬: •‫کلینیکی‬ •‫مدیریتی‬ •‫آموزشی‬ •Telecare: •‫کلینیکی‬‫مریض‬ ‫خود‬ ‫محل‬ ‫در‬ •Telemedicine: •‫کلینیکی‬ •‫آموزشی‬ (Norris, 2001) (CRĂCIUN, 2010) (Globalmed, 2013)
  • 13. ‫دریافت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ارسال‬ ‫زمان‬ ‫نظر‬ ‫از‬ ‫ارتباطی‬ ‫فناوری‬ ‫انواع‬ •‫همزمان‬(‫بالدرنگ‬)synchronous(real-time) •‫همزمان‬ ‫غیر‬)‫ارسال‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذخیره‬(asynchronous (store and forward) (Maheu, 2001)(Smith, 2012)
  • 14. ‫همزمان‬(‫بالدرنگ‬) •‫شود‬ ‫می‬ ‫دریافت‬ ‫ارسال‬ ‫از‬ ‫پس‬ ‫بالفاصله‬ ‫مخاطب‬ ‫به‬ ‫تصویری‬ ‫و‬ ‫صوتی‬ ‫جریان‬ ، ‫ای‬ ،‫داده‬ ‫فایل‬ •‫همزمان‬ ‫تعامل‬ ‫و‬ ‫بحث‬ ‫امکان‬ (Maheu, 2001)
  • 15. ‫همزمان‬ ‫غیر‬(‫ارسال‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذخیره‬) •‫ندارد‬ ‫فرستنده‬ ‫و‬ ‫گیرنده‬ ‫بودن‬ ‫زمان‬ ‫یک‬ ‫به‬ ‫نیازی‬. (Maheu, 2001)
  • 16. ‫انواع‬‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پزشکی‬ Tele A&E Tele-consulting Tele-diagnosis Tele-monitoring Tele-surgery … (Fong, 2010) ‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫مشاوره‬ ‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫آموزش‬ ‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پایش‬ ‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫جراحی‬ (Norris, 2001)
  • 18. ‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫مشاوره‬ •‫همزمان‬ ‫غیر‬ ‫و‬ ‫همزمان‬ ‫ارتباطی‬ ‫فناوری‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫دو‬ ‫هر‬ ‫از‬ ‫استفاده‬ •‫دکتر‬ ‫ی‬ ‫مشاوره‬ ‫در‬ ‫همزمان‬-‫ویدیویی‬ ‫لینک‬ ‫طریق‬ ‫از‬ ‫بیمار‬ •‫حجیم‬ ‫تصویر‬ ‫ارسال‬ ‫و‬ ‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫رادیوگرافی‬ ‫در‬ ‫همزمان‬ ‫غیر‬X-ray‫و‬ ‫شبکه‬ ‫خلوت‬ ‫ترافیک‬ ‫زمان‬ ‫در‬ ‫تصویر‬ ‫دریافت‬ ‫از‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫پزشک‬ ‫تجویز‬ (Norris, 2001)
  • 19. ‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫آموزش‬ •‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫مشاوره‬ ‫طریق‬ ‫از‬ ‫کلینیکی‬ ‫آموزش‬ •‫اینترنت‬ ‫طریق‬ ‫از‬ ‫کلینیکی‬ ‫آموزش‬ •‫اینترنت‬ ‫طریق‬ ‫از‬ ‫دانشگاهی‬ ‫تحصیالت‬ •‫اینترنت‬ ‫طریق‬ ‫از‬ ‫عمومی‬ ‫آموزش‬ (Norris, 2001)
  • 20. ‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پایش‬ •‫بیمار‬ ‫وضعیت‬ ‫به‬ ‫مربوط‬ ‫ی‬ ‫داده‬ ‫مکرر‬ ‫گرفتن‬ ‫برای‬ ‫ارتباطی‬ ‫لینک‬ ‫از‬ ‫استفاده‬ •‫همزمان‬ ‫غیر‬ ‫و‬ ‫همزمان‬ ‫ارتباطی‬ ‫فناوری‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫دو‬ ‫از‬ ‫استفاده‬ •‫قلب‬ ‫ضربان‬ ‫کنترل‬ ،‫خون‬ ‫قند‬ ‫کنترل‬ ،‫خون‬ ‫فشار‬ ‫کردن‬ ‫کنترل‬(Norris, 2001)
  • 21. ‫جراحی‬‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ Robotic surgery Telerobotic surgery Telepresence Telementoring (Ballantyne ,2002) ‫روش‬ ‫به‬Telementoring ‫روش‬ ‫به‬Telepresence surgery (Norris, 2001)
  • 22. ‫در‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫مورد‬ ‫ارتباطی‬ ‫های‬ ‫فناوری‬‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پزشکی‬ •Bluetooth‫در‬‫سنسورهای‬‫پوشیدنی‬ ‫ریز‬ •IR‫انتقال‬ ‫در‬ECG‫داده‬ ‫کوچک‬ ‫های‬ ‫بخش‬ ‫با‬ •Wi-Fi‫بیمار‬ ‫محل‬ ‫از‬ ‫بیرون‬ ‫پایش‬ ‫در‬ •ZigBee‫ی‬ ‫شبکه‬ ‫در‬‫سنسورهای‬‫بدن‬ ‫سطح‬ (Fong, 2010)
  • 23. ‫در‬ ‫ارتباطی‬ ‫های‬ ‫شبکه‬ ‫تاثیر‬‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پزشکی‬ •‫اطمینان‬ ‫قابلیت‬:QoS •‫اطالعات‬ ‫اشتراک‬ •‫صوتی‬ ‫انتقال‬ •‫ثابت‬ ‫تصاویر‬ ‫انتقال‬ •‫انتقال‬‫فیلم‬ •‫داده‬ ‫های‬ ‫پایگاه‬ •‫حیاتی‬ ‫عالئم‬ ‫انتقال‬ (Fong, 2010)
  • 24. ‫مزایای‬‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پزشکی‬ •‫بهداشتی‬ ‫مراقبت‬ ‫به‬ ‫بهتر‬ ‫دسترسی‬(CDAC, 2013)(Globalmed, 2013)(Norris, 2001) •‫مرتبط‬ ‫افراد‬ ‫بین‬ ‫یافته‬ ‫ارتقا‬ ‫ارتباطات‬(Globalmed, 2013)(Norris, 2001) •‫اطالعات‬ ‫به‬ ‫تر‬ ‫آسان‬ ‫دسترسی‬(Norris, 2001) •‫بهره‬‫وری‬‫منابع‬ ‫باالتر‬(Norris, 2001) •‫ها‬ ‫هزینه‬ ‫کاهش‬(CDAC, 2013)(Globalmed, 2013)(Norris, 2001)
  • 25. ‫های‬ ‫محدودیت‬‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پزشکی‬ •‫مرتبط‬ ‫افراد‬ ‫و‬ ‫مریض‬ ‫ضعیف‬ ‫ارتباط‬ •‫اضافه‬ ‫های‬ ‫آموزش‬ •‫پروتکل‬ ‫ایجاد‬ ‫دشواری‬ •‫بهداشتی‬ ‫های‬ ‫داده‬ ‫کیفیت‬ ‫از‬ ‫اطمینان‬ ‫عدم‬ (Hjelm,2005)(Norris, 2001)
  • 26. ‫های‬ ‫چالش‬‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پزشکی‬ •‫کم‬ ‫باند‬ ‫پهنای‬(‫کشورها‬ ‫بعضی‬ ‫در‬) •‫و‬ ‫بیماران‬ ‫ترس‬‫نامانوس‬‫ها‬ ‫فناوری‬ ‫این‬ ‫با‬ ‫آنها‬ ‫بودن‬ •‫بودجه‬ •‫دولتی‬ ‫حمایت‬ (WHO, 2010)(Norris, 2001)(Khandhar, 2011)
  • 27. • WHO, Telemedicine Opportunities and developments in Member States, Global Observatory for eHealth series(2010) – Vol.2, • American Telemedicine Association, retrieved 2013 • Medical Subject Heading, http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh , retrieved 2013 • Brown JHU, Telecommunications for health care., CRC Pr I Llc(1982) • Fong, B., Fong, A. C. M. and Li, C. K. (2010) Introduction, in Telemedicine Technologies: Information Technologies in Medicine and Telehealth, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK. doi: 10.1002/9780470972151.ch1 • Lindenau-Stockfisch Verena,Lean Management in Hospitals: Principles and Key Factors for Successful Implementation,Bachelor + Master (2011) • Zundel Karen M., Telemedicine:history, applications, and impact on librarianship, Bull Med Libr Assoc(1996) • Ballantyne G. H.,Robotic surgery, telerobotic surgery, telepresence, and tlementoring, Surg Endosc(2002) ‫مراجع‬ ‫و‬ ‫منابع‬
  • 28. • NASA,Innovation aerospace technology(1997),Vol.5, Num.3,http://ipp.nasa.gov/innovation/Innovation53/telembeg.htm • Golbalmed, 2013, http://www.globalmed.com/additional-resources/telehealth-telecare-and-telemedicine-whats-the- difference.php • CRĂCIUN, Andrei Mihai, Telemedicine and Telecare basics presentation(2010) • Tan Joseph,Adaptive Health Management Information Systems: Concepts, Cases, & Practical Applications, Jones & Bartlett(2009) • Norris, A. C.,Essentials of telemedicine and telecare, Wiley(2001) • Smith, Robert, Synchronus vs. Asynchronous Communications in Virtual Care(2012) • Maheu , Marlene M., Whitten, Pamela,Allen Ace, E-Health, Telehealth, and Telemedicine A Guide to Startup and Success Jossey Bass (2001) • C-DAC Indian Centre for Development of Advanced Computing,Advantages of telemedicine, 2013, http://210.212.237.165/MedicalInformatics/advantages.jsp • Hjelm N M,Benedits and drawbacks of telemedicine,Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare(2005) • Dr. Khandhar Vinod, TELEMEDICINE PROJECTS IN INDIA presentation(2011) ‫مراجع‬ ‫و‬ ‫منابع‬(‫ادامه‬)