Logical systems-configuration-guide

®
Junos OS
Logical Systems Configuration Guide

Release

11.1
Published: 2011-02-07

Copyright © 2011, Juniper Networks, Inc.

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®
Junos OS Logical Systems Configuration Guide
Release 11.1
Copyright © 2011, Juniper Networks, Inc.
All rights reserved. Printed in USA.

Revision History
February 2011—R1 Junos OS 11.1

The information in this document is current as of the date listed in the revision history.

YEAR 2000 NOTICE

Juniper Networks hardware and software products are Year 2000 compliant. The Junos OS has no known time-related limitations through
the year 2038. However, the NTP application is known to have some difficulty in the year 2036.

ii Copyright © 2011, Juniper Networks, Inc.

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Copyright © 2011, Juniper Networks, Inc. v

Abbreviated Table of Contents
About This Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv

Part 1 Overview and Configuration
Chapter 1 Logical Systems Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Chapter 2 Logical Systems Basic Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Chapter 3 Logical Systems Advanced Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Part 2 Reference
Chapter 4 Summary of Logical Systems Configuration Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Part 3 Index
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Copyright © 2011, Juniper Networks, Inc. vii

Junos 11.1 Logical Systems Configuration Guide

viii Copyright © 2011, Juniper Networks, Inc.

Table of Contents
Junos OS Documentation and Release Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi
Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi
Supported Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi
Using the Indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Using the Examples in This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Merging a Full Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Merging a Snippet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
Documentation Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
Documentation Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx
Requesting Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx
Self-Help Online Tools and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
Opening a Case with JTAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi

Logical Systems Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Logical Systems Operations and Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Comparing Junos OS Device Virtualization Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Logical Systems Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Logical Systems Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Logical Systems Terms and Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Example: Running Operational-Mode Commands on Logical Systems . . . . . . . . . 11
Example: Configuring Logical System Administrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Example: Creating an Interface on a Logical System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Example: Connecting a Logical System to a Physical Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Example: Configuring a Stateless Firewall Filter to Protect a Logical System
Against ICMP Floods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Example: Connecting Logical Systems Within the Same Router Using Logical
Tunnel Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Example: Configuring Static Routes Between Logical Systems Within the Same
Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Example: Configuring OSPF on Logical Systems Within the Same Router . . . . . . 30
Example: Configuring an OSPF Default Route Policy on Logical Systems . . . . . . . 37
Example: Configuring a Conditional OSPF Default Route Policy on Logical
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Example: Configuring an OSPF Import Policy on Logical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Copyright © 2011, Juniper Networks, Inc. ix


Example: Using Logical Systems to Configure Provider Edge and Provider Routers
in a VPN and VPLS Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Configuring Other Logical System Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Part 2 Reference
Chapter 4 Summary of Logical Systems Configuration Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
[edit logical-systems] Hierarchy Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Part 3 Index
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

x Copyright © 2011, Juniper Networks, Inc.

List of Figures
Figure 1: Logical Systems Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Figure 2: Junos OS Without Logical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Figure 3: Junos OS With Logical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Figure 4: Applications of Logical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Figure 5: Logical System Administrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Figure 6: Logical System Connected to a Physical Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Figure 7: Logical System with a Stateless Firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Figure 8: Connecting Two Logical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Figure 9: Static Routes Between Logical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Figure 10: OSPF on Logical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Figure 11: OSPF with a Default Route to an ISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Figure 12: OSPF with a Conditional Default Route to an ISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Figure 13: OSPF Import Policy on Logical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Figure 14: Provider Edge and Provider Logical System Topology Diagram . . . . . . . 58

Copyright © 2011, Juniper Networks, Inc. xi

List of Tables
Table 1: Notice Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Table 2: Text and Syntax Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix

Table 3: Benefits of Virtual Routers, VRF-Lite, and Logical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Copyright © 2011, Juniper Networks, Inc. xiii

About This Guide
®
This preface provides the following guidelines for using the Junos OS Logical Systems
Configuration Guide:

• Junos OS Documentation and Release Notes on page xv
• Objectives on page xvi
• Audience on page xvi
• Supported Platforms on page xvi
• Using the Indexes on page xvii
• Using the Examples in This Manual on page xvii
• Documentation Conventions on page xviii
• Documentation Feedback on page xx
• Requesting Technical Support on page xx

Junos OS Documentation and Release Notes

For a list of related Junos OS documentation, see
http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/software/junos/ .

If the information in the latest release notes differs from the information in the
documentation, follow the Junos OS Release Notes.
®
To obtain the most current version of all Juniper Networks technical documentation,
see the product documentation page on the Juniper Networks website at
http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/ .

Juniper Networks supports a technical book program to publish books by Juniper Networks
engineers and subject matter experts with book publishers around the world. These
books go beyond the technical documentation to explore the nuances of network
architecture, deployment, and administration using the Junos operating system (Junos
OS) and Juniper Networks devices. In addition, the Juniper Networks Technical Library,
published in conjunction with O'Reilly Media, explores improving network security,
reliability, and availability using Junos OS configuration techniques. All the books are for
sale at technical bookstores and book outlets around the world. The current list can be
viewed at http://www.juniper.net/books .

Copyright © 2011, Juniper Networks, Inc. xv


Objectives

This guide provides an overview of the multicast protocols for the Junos OS and describes
how to configure multicast protocols on the router.

NOTE: For additional information about the Junos OS—either corrections to
or information that might have been omitted from this guide—see the software
release notes at http://www.juniper.net/ .

Audience

This guide is designed for network administrators who are configuring and monitoring a
Juniper Networks M Series, MX Series, T Series, EX Series, or J Series router or switch.

To use this guide, you need a broad understanding of networks in general, the Internet
in particular, networking principles, and network configuration. You must also be familiar
with one or more of the following Internet routing protocols:

• Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

• Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP)

• Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS)

• Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) router discovery

• Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)

• Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)

• Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

• Protocol-Independent Multicast (PIM)

• Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP)

• Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

• Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

Personnel operating the equipment must be trained and competent; must not conduct
themselves in a careless, willfully negligent, or hostile manner; and must abide by the
instructions provided by the documentation.

Supported Platforms

For the features described in this manual, the Junos OS currently supports the following
platforms:

• J Series

• M Series

xvi Copyright © 2011, Juniper Networks, Inc.

About This Guide

• MX Series

• T Series

• EX Series

Using the Indexes

This reference contains two indexes: a complete index that includes topic entries, and
an index of statements and commands only.

In the index of statements and commands, an entry refers to a statement summary
section only. In the complete index, the entry for a configuration statement or command
contains at least two parts:

• The primary entry refers to the statement summary section.

• The secondary entry, usage guidelines, refers to the section in a configuration guidelines
chapter that describes how to use the statement or command.

Using the Examples in This Manual

If you want to use the examples in this manual, you can use the load merge or the load
merge relative command. These commands cause the software to merge the incoming
configuration into the current candidate configuration. If the example configuration
contains the top level of the hierarchy (or multiple hierarchies), the example is a full
example. In this case, use the load merge command.

If the example configuration does not start at the top level of the hierarchy, the example
is a snippet. In this case, use the load merge relative command. These procedures are
described in the following sections.

Merging a Full Example
To merge a full example, follow these steps:

1. From the HTML or PDF version of the manual, copy a configuration example into a
text file, save the file with a name, and copy the file to a directory on your routing
platform.

For example, copy the following configuration to a file and name the file ex-script.conf.
Copy the ex-script.conf file to the /var/tmp directory on your routing platform.

system {
scripts {
commit {
file ex-script.xsl;
}
}
}
interfaces {
fxp0 {
disable;
unit 0 {

Copyright © 2011, Juniper Networks, Inc. xvii


family inet {
address 10.0.0.1/24;
}
}
}
}

2. Merge the contents of the file into your routing platform configuration by issuing the
load merge configuration mode command:

[edit]
user@host# load merge /var/tmp/ex-script.conf
load complete

Merging a Snippet
To merge a snippet, follow these steps:

1. From the HTML or PDF version of the manual, copy a configuration snippet into a text
file, save the file with a name, and copy the file to a directory on your routing platform.

For example, copy the following snippet to a file and name the file
ex-script-snippet.conf. Copy the ex-script-snippet.conf file to the /var/tmp directory
on your routing platform.

commit {
file ex-script-snippet.xsl; }

2. Move to the hierarchy level that is relevant for this snippet by issuing the following
configuration mode command:

[edit]
user@host# edit system scripts
[edit system scripts]

3. Merge the contents of the file into your routing platform configuration by issuing the
load merge relative configuration mode command:

[edit system scripts]
user@host# load merge relative /var/tmp/ex-script-snippet.conf
load complete

For more information about the load command, see the Junos OS CLI User Guide.

Documentation Conventions

Table 1 on page xix defines notice icons used in this guide.

xviii Copyright © 2011, Juniper Networks, Inc.

About This Guide

Table 1: Notice Icons
Icon Meaning Description

Informational note Indicates important features or instructions.

Caution Indicates a situation that might result in loss of data or hardware damage.

Warning Alerts you to the risk of personal injury or death.

Laser warning Alerts you to the risk of personal injury from a laser.

Table 2 on page xix defines the text and syntax conventions used in this guide.

Table 2: Text and Syntax Conventions
Convention Description Examples

Bold text like this Represents text that you type. To enter configuration mode, type the
configure command:

user@host> configure

Fixed-width text like this Represents output that appears on the user@host> show chassis alarms
terminal screen.
No alarms currently active

Italic text like this • Introduces important new terms. • A policy term is a named structure
• Identifies book names. that defines match conditions and
actions.
• Identifies RFC and Internet draft titles.
• Junos OS System Basics Configuration
Guide
• RFC 1997, BGP Communities Attribute

Italic text like this Represents variables (options for which Configure the machine’s domain name:
you substitute a value) in commands or
configuration statements. [edit]
root@# set system domain-name
domain-name

Text like this Represents names of configuration • To configure a stub area, include the
statements, commands, files, and stub statement at the [edit protocols
directories; interface names; ospf area area-id] hierarchy level.
configuration hierarchy levels; or labels • The console port is labeled CONSOLE.
on routing platform components.

< > (angle brackets) Enclose optional keywords or variables. stub <default-metric metric>;

Copyright © 2011, Juniper Networks, Inc. xix


Table 2: Text and Syntax Conventions (continued)
Convention Description Examples

| (pipe symbol) Indicates a choice between the mutually broadcast | multicast
exclusive keywords or variables on either
side of the symbol. The set of choices is (string1 | string2 | string3)
often enclosed in parentheses for clarity.

# (pound sign) Indicates a comment specified on the rsvp { # Required for dynamic MPLS only
same line as the configuration statement
to which it applies.

[ ] (square brackets) Enclose a variable for which you can community name members [
substitute one or more values. community-ids ]

Indention and braces ( { } ) Identify a level in the configuration [edit]
hierarchy. routing-options {
static {
route default {
; (semicolon) Identifies a leaf statement at a
nexthop address;
configuration hierarchy level.
retain;
}
}
}

J-Web GUI Conventions
Bold text like this Represents J-Web graphical user • In the Logical Interfaces box, select
interface (GUI) items you click or select. All Interfaces.
• To cancel the configuration, click
Cancel.

> (bold right angle bracket) Separates levels in a hierarchy of J-Web In the configuration editor hierarchy,
selections. select Protocols>Ospf.

Documentation Feedback

We encourage you to provide feedback, comments, and suggestions so that we can
improve the documentation. You can send your comments to
techpubs-comments@juniper.net, or fill out the documentation feedback form at
https://www.juniper.net/cgi-bin/docbugreport/ . If you are using e-mail, be sure to include
the following information with your comments:

• Document or topic name

• URL or page number

• Software release version (if applicable)

Requesting Technical Support

Technical product support is available through the Juniper Networks Technical Assistance
Center (JTAC). If you are a customer with an active J-Care or JNASC support contract,

xx Copyright © 2011, Juniper Networks, Inc.

About This Guide

or are covered under warranty, and need postsales technical support, you can access
our tools and resources online or open a case with JTAC.

• JTAC policies—For a complete understanding of our JTAC procedures and policies,
review the JTAC User Guide located at
http://www.juniper.net/us/en/local/pdf/resource-guides/7100059-en.pdf .

• Product warranties—For product warranty information, visit
http://www.juniper.net/support/warranty/ .

• JTAC Hours of Operation —The JTAC centers have resources available 24 hours a day,
7 days a week, 365 days a year.

Self-Help Online Tools and Resources
For quick and easy problem resolution, Juniper Networks has designed an online
self-service portal called the Customer Support Center (CSC) that provides you with the
following features:

• Find CSC offerings: http://www.juniper.net/customers/support/

• Find product documentation: http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/

• Find solutions and answer questions using our Knowledge Base: http://kb.juniper.net/

• Download the latest versions of software and review release notes:
http://www.juniper.net/customers/csc/software/

• Search technical bulletins for relevant hardware and software notifications:
https://www.juniper.net/alerts/

• Join and participate in the Juniper Networks Community Forum:
http://www.juniper.net/company/communities/

• Open a case online in the CSC Case Management tool: http://www.juniper.net/cm/

To verify service entitlement by product serial number, use our Serial Number Entitlement
(SNE) Tool: https://tools.juniper.net/SerialNumberEntitlementSearch/

Opening a Case with JTAC
You can open a case with JTAC on the Web or by telephone.

• Use the Case Management tool in the CSC at http://www.juniper.net/cm/ .

• Call 1-888-314-JTAC (1-888-314-5822 toll-free in the USA, Canada, and Mexico).

For international or direct-dial options in countries without toll-free numbers, visit us at
http://www.juniper.net/support/requesting-support.html

Copyright © 2011, Juniper Networks, Inc. xxi

PART 1

Overview and Configuration
• Logical Systems Overview on page 3
• Logical Systems Basic Configuration on page 11
• Logical Systems Advanced Configuration on page 57

Copyright © 2011, Juniper Networks, Inc. 1

CHAPTER 1

Logical Systems Overview

This chapter covers these topics:

• Logical Systems Introduction on page 3
• Logical Systems Operations and Restrictions on page 6
• Comparing Junos OS Device Virtualization Technologies on page 7
• Logical Systems Applications on page 8
• Logical Systems Requirements on page 9
• Logical Systems Terms and Acronyms on page 10

Logical Systems Introduction

For many years, engineers have combined power supplies, routing hardware and software,
forwarding hardware and software, and physical interfaces into a networking device
known as a router. Networking vendors have created large routers and small routers, but
all routers have been placed into service as individual devices. As a result, the router has
been considered a single physical device for most of its history.

The concept of logical systems breaks with this tradition. With Junos OS, you can partition
a single router into multiple logical devices that perform independent routing tasks.
Because logical systems perform a subset of the tasks once handled by the main router,
logical systems offer an effective way to maximize the use of a single routing or switching
platform.

NOTE: Beginning with Junos OS Release 9.3, the logical router feature has
been renamed logical system.

All configuration statements, operational commands, show command output,
error messages, log messages, and SNMP MIB objects that contain the string
logical-router have been changed to logical-system.

Traditionally, service provider network design requires multiple layers of switches and
routers. These devices transport packet traffic between customers. As seen on the left
side of Figure 1 on page 4, access devices are connected to edge devices, which are in
turn connected to core devices.



However, this complexity can lead to challenges in maintenance, configuration, and
operation. To reduce such complexity, Juniper Networks supports logical systems. Logical
systems perform a subset of the actions of the main router and have their own unique
routing tables, interfaces, policies, and routing instances. As shown on the right side of
Figure 1 on page 4, a set of logical systems within a single router can handle the functions
previously performed by several small routers.

Figure 1: Logical Systems Concepts
Network topology without logical systems Network topology with logical systems
(eight separate physical devices) (one physical router with eight logical devices)

Router 1

g016932
Figure 2 on page 4 shows the Junos OS architecture without logical systems configured.
Figure 3 on page 5 shows the Junos OS architecture when logical systems are configured.
Note that each logical system runs its own Routing Protocol Process (RPD).

Figure 2: Junos OS Without Logical Systems
Routing
Engine CLI MGD

Routing Tables Routing
Interface Chassis
Family: y Protocol
Family: x
Process Process
Process
Family: inet

Forwarding Kernel
Table

Forwarding Interface Distributed Chassis
Table Process ASICs Process

Packet
Microkernel
g040563

Forwarding
Engine


Chapter 1: Logical Systems Overview

Figure 3: Junos OS With Logical Systems
Routing
CLI MGD
Engine Irmuxd

RPD RPD RPD Interface Chassis
Main LS1 LSn Process Process

Family: y LS1/Family: y LSn/Family: y
Routing Tables Family: x LS1/Family: x LSn/Family: x
Family: inet LS1/Family: inet LSn/Family: inet

Forwarding Kernel
Table

Forwarding Interface Distributed Chassis
Table Process ASICs Process

Packet
Microkernel

g040564
Forwarding
Engine

The following protocols and functions are supported on logical systems:

• Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS),
Routing Information Protocol (RIP), RIP next generation (RIPng), Border Gateway
Protocol (BGP), Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP), Label Distribution Protocol
(LDP), static routes, and Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and version 6 (IPv6).

• Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) provider edge (PE) and core provider router
functions, such as Layer 2 virtual private networks (VPNs), Layer 3 VPNs, circuit
cross-connect (CCC), Layer 2 circuits, and virtual private LAN service (VPLS).

• Multicast protocols, such as Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM), Distance Vector
Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP), rendezvous point (RP), and source designated
router (DR).

• All policy-related statements available at the [edit policy-options] hierarchy level.

• Most routing options statements available at the [edit routing-options] hierarchy level.

• Graceful Routing Engine switchover (GRES).

• You can assign most interface types to a logical system. For a list of unsupported PICs,
see “Logical Systems Operations and Restrictions” on page 6.

• Port mirroring, source class usage, destination class usage, unicast reverse-path
forwarding, class of service, firewall filters, class-based forwarding, and policy-based
accounting work with logical systems when you configure these features on the main
router.

• The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) has been extended to support
logical systems and routing instances. A network management system receives
instance-aware information in the following format:

logical-system-name/routing-instance@community



As a result, a network manager can gather statistics for a specific community within
a routing instance within a logical system. The SNMP manager for a routing instance
can request and manage SNMP data only for that routing instance and other routing
instances in the same logical system. By default, the SNMP manager for the default
routing instance in the main router (inet.0) can access SNMP data from all routing
instances. To restrict that manager’s access to the default routing instance only, include
the routing-instance-access statement at the [edit snmp] hierarchy level.

Related • Logical Systems Operations and Restrictions on page 6
Documentation

Logical Systems Operations and Restrictions

Logical systems have the following operations and restrictions:

• You can configure a maximum of 15 logical systems plus the master logical system on
a router. When a configuration session is in use, users who are tied to the same logical
system cannot commit configuration changes.

• The router has only one running configuration database, which contains configuration
information for the main router and all associated logical systems. When configuring
a logical system, a user has his own candidate configuration database, which does not
become part of the running configuration database until the user issues the commit
statement.

• Some high availability features are not supported on logical systems. These features
include non-stop routing (NSR), non-stop bridging (NSB), and unified in-service
software upgrade (unified ISSU).

• The following describes how firewall filters affect the main router, logical systems, and
virtual routers. The "default loopback interface" refers to lo0.0 (associated with the
default routing table), the “loopback interface in a logical system” refers to lo0.n
configured in the logical system, and the “loopback interface in the virtual router” refers
to lo0.n configured in the virtual router.

If you configure Filter A on the default loopback interface in the main router but do not
configure a filter on the loopback interface in a logical system, the logical system does
not use a filter.

If you configure Filter A on the default loopback interface in the main router but do not
configure a loopback interface in a logical system, the logical system uses Filter A.

If you configure Filter A on the default loopback interface on the main router and Filter
B on the loopback interface in a logical system, the logical system uses Filter B. In a
special case of this rule, when you also configure a routing instance of type virtual-router
on the logical system, the following rules apply:

• If you configure Filter C on the loopback interface in the virtual router, traffic belonging
to the virtual router uses Filter C.

• If you do not configure a filter on the loopback interface in the virtual router, traffic
belonging to the virtual router does not use a filter.



• If you do not configure a loopback interface in the virtual router, traffic belonging to
the virtual router uses Filter A.

• If a logical system experiences an interruption of its routing protocol process (rpd), the
core dump output is placed in a file in:
/var/tmp/rpd_logical-system-name.core-tarball.number.tgz. Likewise, if you issue the
restart routing command in a logical system, only the routing protocol process (rpd)
for the logical system is restarted.

• If you configure trace options for a logical system, the output log file is stored in the
following location: /var/log/logical-system-name. To monitor a log file within a logical
system, issue the monitor start logical-system-name/filename command.

• The following Physical Interface Cards (PICs) are not supported with logical systems:
Adaptive Services, Multiservices, ES, Monitoring Services, and Monitoring Services II.

• The Multiservices Dense Port Concentrator (MS-DPC) is not supported with logical
systems.

• Generalized MPLS (GMPLS), IP Security (IPsec), point-to-multipoint label-switched
paths (LSPs), and sampling are not supported.

• LSP ping and traceroute for autonomous system (AS) number lookup are not supported.

• Class of service (CoS) on a logical tunnel (lt) or virtual loopback tunnel (vt) interface
in a logical system is not supported.

• You cannot include the vrf-table-label statement on multiple logical systems if the
core-facing interfaces are channelized or configured with multiple logical interfaces
(Frame Relay DLCIs or Ethernet VLANs).

• The master administrator must configure global interface properties and physical
interface properties at the [edit interfaces] hierarchy level. Logical system administrators
can only configure and verify configurations for the logical systems to which they are
assigned.

Related • Logical Systems Introduction on page 3
Documentation

Comparing Junos OS Device Virtualization Technologies

The Junos OS supports multiple device virtualization technologies. The technologies
have similar names, which can lead to confusion.



The Junos OS device virtualization technologies are:

• Logical systems—Offer routing and management separation. Management separation
means multiple user access. Each logical system has its own routing tables.

Logical routers is the old name for logical systems. Beginning with Junos OS Release
9.3, the logical router feature has been renamed logical system. All configuration
statements, operational commands, show command output, error messages, log
messages, and SNMP MIB objects that contain the string logical-router have been
changed to logical-system.

• Virtual routers—Offer scalable routing separation. A virtual router does not have the
same capabilities as a logical system. A virtual router is a type of simplified routing
instance that has a single routing table. By contrast, a logical system is a partition of
the main router and can contain multiple routing instances.

• VRF-Lite—Offers routing separation. The functionality of VRF-Lite is similar to virtual
routers, but VRF-Lite is for smaller environments.

• Virtual switches—Offer scalable switching separation.

Table 3 on page 8 summarizes the benefits of virtual routers, VRF-Lite, and logical
systems

Table 3: Benefits of Virtual Routers, VRF-Lite, and Logical Systems
Benefits Virtual Router VRF-Lite Logical Systems

Logical platform Yes Yes Yes
partitioning

Fault isolation on the No No Yes
routing plane

Multiple user access No No Yes
(management
separation)

Scalable routing Yes No Yes
separation

Related • Logical Systems Applications on page 8
Documentation

Logical Systems Applications

Logical systems are discrete contexts that virtually divide a supported device into multiple
devices, isolating one from another and protecting them from faulty conditions outside
their own contexts.

The logical systems functionality enables you to partition the device and assign private
logical systems to groups or organizations. Logical systems are defined largely by the
resources allocated to them, features enabled for the logical context, their routing



configurations, and their logical interface assignments. Logical systems segment a
physical router to be configured and operated as multiple independent routers within a
platform. This isolates routing protocols and interfaces among up to 16 logical systems
(including the master logical system). User permissions and access are defined separately
for each logical system, enabling different groups to manage the same physical device.
Logical systems enable the use of large routers in small router roles and provide flexible
segmentation of routing by service type. Multiple service capabilities bring improved
asset optimization by consolidating services into one device.

For example, logical systems enable the following services on a single router platform:

• Internet BGP peering

• Core transit

• Edge aggregation and dedicated access

• MPLS provider edge (PE) and provider (P) VPN label-switched routers (LSRs)

Figure 4 on page 9 shows how logical systems can be used for horizontal consolidation,
vertical consolidation, and managed services. Horizontal consolidation occurs when you
combine router functions of the same layer into a single router. Vertical consolidation
occurs when you collapse router functions of different layers into a single router. With
managed services, each logical system is a customer router.

Figure 4: Applications of Logical Systems

CE

CE
Vertical
Horizontal
CE
Horizontal P CE
P P

PE PE Managed CE
g040562

PE

Related • Comparing Junos OS Device Virtualization Technologies on page 7
Documentation

Logical Systems Requirements

To implement logical systems, your system must meet these minimum requirements:

• Junos OS Release 8.5 or later for logical system administrator support

• Junos OS Release 8.4 or later for SNMP enhancements and limits

• Junos OS Release 8.3 or later for Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) on logical
systems

• Junos OS Release 8.2 or later for support on MX Series routers

• Junos OS Release 7.5 or later for SNMP support within a logical system



• Junos OS Release 7.4 or later for multicast protocol RP and source DR functionality
within a logical system

• Junos OS Release 7.0 or later to implement a logical tunnel (lt) interface on an
integrated Adaptive Services Module in an M7i router

• Junos OS Release 6.1 or later, a Tunnel Services PIC, and an Enhanced FPC on M Series
or T Series routers to implement a logical tunnel (lt) interface

• Junos OS Release 6.0 or later for basic logical system functionality

• One or more M Series, MX Series, or T Series routers

• On M Series and T Series routers, a variety of PICs to assign interfaces to each logical
system

Logical Systems Terms and Acronyms

A
logical system A user account with configuration and verification privileges for only the logical systems to
administrator which that user is assigned.

master administrator A user account with superuser configuration and verification privileges.

L
logical system Segmentation of a system into multiple logical devices. Logical system configuration statements
are found at the [edit logical-systems] hierarchy level.

M
main router The standard concept of a router. Main router configuration statements are found at the [edit]
hierarchy level.


CHAPTER 2

Logical Systems Basic Configuration

This chapter covers these topics:

• Example: Running Operational-Mode Commands on Logical Systems on page 11
• Example: Configuring Logical System Administrators on page 13
• Example: Creating an Interface on a Logical System on page 15
• Example: Connecting a Logical System to a Physical Router on page 17
• Example: Configuring a Stateless Firewall Filter to Protect a Logical System Against
ICMP Floods on page 18
• Example: Connecting Logical Systems Within the Same Router Using Logical Tunnel
Interfaces on page 22
• Example: Configuring Static Routes Between Logical Systems Within the Same
Router on page 25
• Example: Configuring OSPF on Logical Systems Within the Same Router on page 30
• Example: Configuring an OSPF Default Route Policy on Logical Systems on page 37
• Example: Configuring a Conditional OSPF Default Route Policy on Logical
Systems on page 41
• Example: Configuring an OSPF Import Policy on Logical Systems on page 47

Example: Running Operational-Mode Commands on Logical Systems

This example shows how to set the CLI to a specified logical system view, run
operational-mode commands for the logical system, and then return to the main router
view.

• Requirements on page 11
• Overview on page 12
• Configuration on page 12

Requirements
You must have the view privilege for the logical system.



Overview
For some operational-mode commands, you can include a logical-system option to
narrow the output of the command or to limit the operation of the command to the
specified logical system. For example, the show route command has a logical-system
option. To run this command on a logical system called LS3, you can use show route
logical-system LS3. However, some commands, such as show interfaces, do not have a
logical-system option. For commands like this, you need another approach.

You can place yourself into the context of a specific logical system. To configure a logical
system context, issue the set cli logical-system logical-system-name command.

When you the CLI is in logical system context mode and you enter an operational- mode
command, the output of the command displays information related to the logical system
only.

Configuration
Step-by-Step To set the CLI to a specific logical system context:
Procedure
1. From the main router, configure the logical system.

[edit]
user@host# set logical-systems LS3

2. (Optional) Configure interfaces on the logical system.

[edit]
user@host# set logical-systems LS3 interfaces lt-1/2/0 unit 3 family inet address
10.0.2.1/30

3. If you are done configuring the device, commit the configuration.

[edit]
user@host# commit
user@host# exit

4. Set the CLI to view the logical system.

user@host> set cli logical-system LS3

Logical system: LS3

user@host:LS3>

5. Run an operational-mode command.

user@host:LS3> show interfaces terse

Interface Admin Link Proto Local Remote
lt-1/2/0
lt-1/2/0.3 up up inet 10.0.2.1/30

6. Enter configuration mode to edit the logical system configuration.

user@host:LS3> edit

Entering configuration mode

user@host:LS3#


Chapter 2: Logical Systems Basic Configuration

7. Exit configuration mode to return to operational mode.

user@host:LS3# exit

Exiting configuration mode

8. Clear the logical system view to return to the main router view.

user@host:LS3> clear cli logical-system

Cleared default logical system

user@host>

9. To achieve the same effect when using a Junos XML protocol client application,
include the <set-logical-system> tag:

<rpc>
<set-logical-system>
<logical-system>LS1</logical-system>
</set-logical-system>
</rpc>

Related • Junos OS System Basics and Services Command Reference
Documentation

Example: Configuring Logical System Administrators

This example shows how to configure logical system administrators.

• Verification on page 15

Requirements
You must be the master administrator to assign system administrators to logical systems.



Overview
The master administrator can assign one or more system administrators to each logical
system. Logical system administrators are confined to the context of the logical system
to which they are assigned. This means that logical system administrators cannot access
any global configuration statements. This also means that command output is restricted
to the context to which the logical system administrators are assigned.

Configuring a user account for each logical system helps in navigating the CLI. This enables
you to log in to each logical system and be positioned within the root of that logical
system as if you were in the root of a physical router.

In this example, LS1Admin has full permissions on logical system LS1.

In this example, LS2Admin has the ability to view logical system LS2 but not to change
the configuration.

Figure 5 on page 14 shows how logical system administration works.

Figure 5: Logical System Administrators
Active
Configuration
Editable by multiple
master administrators

LS1 Specific
Candidate Configuration Configuration
LS1Admin1’s personal copy
Candidate Configuration
LS1Admin2’s personal copy
Candidate Configuration LS2 Specific
LS2Admin’s personal copy Configuration

LS1Admin1

LS1Admin2

g040565
LS2Admin
MasterAdmin1 MasterAdmin2

Configuration
Step-by-Step To assign logical system administrators to a logical systems:
Procedure
1. Configure the logical systems.

[edit]

2. Create the login classes and assign logical systems to the classes.

[edit]
user@host# set system login class admin1 logical-system LS1
user@host# set system login class admin2 logical-system LS2

3. Assign permissions to the login classes.

[edit]


Chapter 2: Logical Systems Basic Configuration

user@host# set system login class admin1 permissions all
user@host# set system login class admin2 permissions view

4. Assign users to the login classes.

[edit]
user@host# set system login user LS1Admin class admin1
user@host# set system login user LS2Admin class admin2


[edit]
user@host# commit

Verification
To verify that the configuration is working properly, issue the show cli authorization
command to view permissions for the current user.

Related • Junos OS Access Privilege Guide
Documentation

Example: Creating an Interface on a Logical System

This example shows how to create an interface on a logical system.

• Verification on page 16

Requirements
For the interface on the logical system to have connectivity, the corresponding physical
interface must be administratively up, and the physical link must be up. You can verify
the status of the physical interface by running the show interfaces terse command.



Overview
In this example, you create the fe-1/1/3 physical interface on the main router. You can
also add values for properties that you need to configure on the physical interface, such
as physical encapsulation, VLAN tagging (enabling), and link speed.

The example then shows how to assign logical interfaces to a logical system. Once you
do this, the logical interfaces are considered part of the logical system.

Any logical interface unit can only be assigned to one system, including the main router.
For example, if you configure logical unit 3 in the main router, you cannot configure logical
unit 3 in a logical system.

In this example, you create logical unit 0 on logical system LS1. You can also add values
for properties that you need to configure on the logical interface, such as logical interface
encapsulation, VLAN ID number, and protocol family.

Configuration
Step-by-Step To configure an interface on a logical system:
Procedure
1. As the master administrator, configure the physical interface on the main router.

[edit]
user@host# set interfaces fe-1/1/3 description "main router interface"

2. Create the logical system interface on the logical unit.

[edit]
user@host# set logical-systems LS1 interfaces fe-1/1/3 unit 0 description "LS1
interface"
user@host# set logical-systems LS1 interfaces fe-1/1/3 unit 0 family inet address
10.11.2.2/24


[edit]
user@host# commit

Verification
To verify that the configuration is working properly, issue the show interfaces command.

Related • ping in the Junos OS System Basics and Services Command Reference
Documentation
• show interfaces detail in the Junos OS Interfaces Command Reference


Logical systems-configuration-guide

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