This document discusses communications technologies that can provide internet access in rural India. It notes that currently there are 40 million fixed phone lines, 40 million mobile connections, and 5 million internet connections in India. It then describes various technologies that have been deployed in rural areas, including C-DOT switches, wireless local loop systems, satellite phones, and wireless networks using TDMA and 802.11b standards. It discusses field deployments of these technologies in remote villages in India and Nepal. Finally, it outlines objectives of providing urban-like communication features in rural areas at low cost using appropriate technologies like wireless networks, satellite modems, and WiMax.

1. Communications in ICT For
Development – A Perspective
Bishnu D. Pradhan PhD, FNAE
Mumbai

2. PRESENT STATUS IN INDIA
• FIXED LINES – 40 MILLION
• MOBILE CONNECTIONS – 40 MILLION
• TELEDENSITY APPROXIMATELY 8
• INTERNET CONNECTIONS – 5 MILLION
• INTERNET USERS NEARLY – 25
MILLION

3. TELEPHONES IN REMOTE
VILLAGES IN NEPAL

4. LINKING POKHARA WITH THE
OUTSIDE WORLD

5. Remote Rice Fields

6. Manual Exchanges

7. RURAL ENVIRONMENT

8. C-DOT 256P RAX SWITCH

9. Rural Exchange in Orissa

10. RAX in Rajasthan Village

11. A RAX by the bedside

12. Rural Microwave – 6RU10

13. INSTALLING IN NEPAL
NETWORK

14. RAX base WLL
• Wireless connectivity to RAX
• Use Motorola AMP Cellular Base station
• Enhanced capacity to : 400 Wireless and
200 wired subscribers
• First Wireless Local Loop solution
• Not approved by DOT for connectivity to
the network

15. UNIT BEING WASHED ON A
SUNNY DAY !

17. Satellite Phones

19. Wireless Technologies deployed
TDMA-PMP RADIO
RSU
RSU
30 Channel PCM
4W E&M
P 2WT
S
T BSU RSU
RAX
N
RSU

20. FIELD DEPLOYMENT
RURAL OVERALL
C-DOT
45%
OTHERS OTHERS
9% 55%
C-DOT
91%
C-DOT C-DOT
OTHERS
OTHERS

21. Objective : provide Urban like features in
Rural sectors with minimized cost and
appropriate technology.
With 50,000 more remote
Rural wireline villages to be covered,
wireless technologies
may play a vital role.
Satellite modems
Rural wireless

22. CORDECT Rural Model

23. Vigyan Ashram in Pabal

24. PABAL INTERNET SERVICE

25. Technology Customization Example:
Internet Access in Rural India
Further range extension
using multi-hopping
Internet access
within 0.5 Km radius of the
village center
802.11b range extension
using directional, home grown,
custom made antennas
Alternate path routing
for high reliability
K m
5-8 Village
Internet Metro

26. 802.11b Rural Connectivity

27. Internet Telephony

28. Video Conferencing from the
Village

29. IITK’s 802.11b DGP Test Bed
Lucknow
End to end
distance
85 Km
Km
38. 2 Rajajipuram BSNL Tower
Info kiosk 16 Km
VOIP
Km
Safipur
23
Sarauhan
18 Km
hw ay Lucknow Airport
Hig
Info kiosk Bithoor kn ow
km
MS3
ur - Luc
37
Ajgain p
K an
Mandhana
VOIP
5.5 Km
Km
Lodhar
22
23 Km IISTEM
2.5 Km Banthar Riv
Mobile Health IITK er G
ang
Care es
Sawayajpur

30. 802.16 Wireless Standard
• Approved by IEEE Standards body in
2003
• Broadband Point to Multipoint System
• Frequency range 10 GHz to 66 GHz
• Line of Sight
• Average bandwith 70 Mb/s to 268 Mb/s

31. WiMax Standard
• Approved as 802.16 a standard
• Operates in frequency range 2GHz to 11
GHz.
• Non Line of Sight
• Bandwidth of 75 Mb/s
• Range of 3 – 5 miles, maximum of 30
miles, depending on tower height, power
gain.

32. VSAT BASED RURAL
NETWORK
Multihop access
Central
Tower
802.11
VSAT access
station
VSAT hub points
Router
Interne
t
Local server

33. Village school in Harayan

34. Villager reaction

37. THANK YOU
Bishnu D. Pradhan PhD, FNAE
Mumbai