The document discusses Formula One racing in Singapore. It provides background on the history of Formula One and how Singapore began hosting races in 2008. It then examines the environmental impacts of hosting the Singapore Grand Prix, such as carbon dioxide emissions from the cars, noise pollution, and the lighting system used for night races. The impacts are assessed using a matrix methodology with rankings of the severity for pre-race, during race, and post-race time periods. Key impacts include over 10 tons of CO2 emitted during the race and noise levels that can cause hearing damage.

1. Company Proprietary and Confidential 1
August 16, 2011
PDD1 2011

2. Brief History of F1 Company Proprietary and Confidential 2
 Formula One – “Formula” refers to a set of rules to which all participants
and cars must comply to
 In 1930s – Plans for Formula One drivers’ championship discussed
 In 1946 – The first Formula One race was held.
 By May 1950 – First world championship was held at Silverstone.

3. History of Formula One in Singapore Company Proprietary and Confidential 3
 Singapore Grand Prix went on until
1973.
 Stopped after several fatal accidents in 1972
and 1973 races.
 Known as Suez Canal Crisis.
 28th September 2008 – First country to
host a night-time event in history.

4. Formula One in Singapore now Company Proprietary and Confidential 4
 In September 2011, held the most recent F1 race scheduled.
 Singapore Grand Prix will take place on public roads around Marina Bay
area.

5. Formula One in Singapore Now Company Proprietary and Confidential 5
 Estimated to be able to accommodate about 80,000 spectators.
 Grandstand seating and hospitality areas lined the track.
 Permanent pit area built adjacent to the existing Singapore Flyer complex.
 Revised route disrupts lesser businesses and is 5.2 kilometers longer.

6. Why we chose this topic? Company Proprietary and Confidential 6
Environmental Impact of F1 race in
Marina Bay
• Concerns – younger audience about the environmental issues
• Future – health of the locals
• Risks – critical to minimal issues

7. 7
Background information
Company Proprietary and Confidential
• Massive preparation
• Funded by government, 60% = $90 million
• Pit Building = $33 million
• Road works = Approximately $24 million
• Road works affecting more than 70% of existing roads.

8. Advantages Company Proprietary and Confidential 8
• Economic
– Profits gained
– Tourists receipts
– 195 million international viewers (1st & 2nd race)
– Integrated Resorts
• Job creation
– Worked with ITE schools
– Temporary jobs

9. Disadvantages Company Proprietary and Confidential 9
• Road closures
• Business opportunities
– Descending number of visitors
• Lighting

10. 10
Problems faced
Company Proprietary and Confidential
• Location
• Road works
• Lighting
• Security

11. Improvements Company Proprietary and Confidential 11
• Shorter period of road closures
– Reduces 12 hour.
• Engines
– Biofuel engines

12. Environmental Impact Assessment Company Proprietary and Confidential 12
• What is Environmental Impact Assessment?
• The EIA Process in Sequence of Application
• Various Methodologies
• Selected Methodology for PDD1

13. Environmental Impact Assessment Company Proprietary and Confidential 13
Environmental Impact Assessment
EIA
Planning Tool Decision Making Impact & Effects

15. Various Methodologies Company Proprietary and Confidential 15
We look at 6 types of methodologies:
• Ad-hoc
• Checklist
• Matrices
• Networks
• Overlays

16. Selected Methodology for PDD1 Company Proprietary and Confidential 16
Environmental Impacts Air (CO2) Solid waste Noise Dust
Pre - Race * * * **
Actual - Race *** ** *** ***
Post - Race ** *** ** *
The table above shows how we incorporated the matrix methodology into our PDD1:
* Meaning
* Can be avoided
** Not very serious
*** Very serious, actions needed
to be taken

17. Matrices Company Proprietary and Confidential 17
Matrices links
• Projects activities & checklist of a potential environmentally impacts
• Identify cause & effect relationship
• State the severity of each factor
• List the range of possible actions & characteristics

18. Environmental Impacts During Singapore F1 Race Confidential
Company Proprietary and 18
There are 5 impacts that we look into:
• Littering
• Noise
• Carbon Dioxide Emission
• Lighting System Used

19. Carbon Dioxide Emission from F1 Cars Company Proprietary and Confidential 19
An F1 car is able to emit
• 1, 500g of CO2 for every 1km ≈10 times a regular saloon car emission
During the race
• CO2 emitted is close to 10 tonnes (excluding practice session)
F1 cars use gasoline (rich high octane fuel) as a fuel for their engines
• 6 pounds (2.722kg) of gasoline used =20 pounds (9.072kg) of Co2

20. Carbon Dioxide Emission from F1 Cars Company Proprietary and Confidential 20
Friday 23 September 2011
Practice 1 16:00 - 17:30
Practice 2 20:00 - 21:30
Saturday 24 September 2011
Practice 3 17:00 - 18:00
Qualifying 20.00
Sunday 25 September 2011
Race 20.00

21. Lighting System Company Proprietary and Confidential 21

22. Lighting System Company Proprietary and Confidential 22
The lighting system consist of :
• Circuit of 5.067 kilometres
• Power 3,180,000 watt
• Track Projectors 1, 485 @ 2,000 watt each
• Power Generators 12 (twin-power)
• Power Cables 108, 423m
• Overall Luminosity 3000lux levels (4 times brighter than a sports stadium)

23. Lighting System Company Proprietary and Confidential 23

24. Lighting System Company Proprietary and Confidential 24
Power generation is one of the main contributions of pollutants
• Sulphur Dioxide
• Nitrogen Oxides
• Mercury

25. Effect of Lighting System Used Company Proprietary and Confidential 25
Metal Halide Lamp (MHL)
• 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit ≈ Temperature of liquid magma
• The glass shatter when it is exposed to intense heat for very long (can cause injury)

26. Excessive Emission of Carbon Dioxide Company Proprietary and Confidential 26
By having event such as F1 race:
• Singapore contributes towards anthropogenic CO2 emission
• Sharp increase in anthropogenic CO2 emission
• Natural CO2 cycle will not be balance

27. Excessive Emission of Carbon Dioxide Company Proprietary and Confidential 27
When there is a rise in CO2:
• More plants are needed to balance up the whole CO2 cycle
HOWEVER
In hot & dry weather
• The plants pores will be closed
• Prevent the loss of water & photorespiration will take place

28. Excessive Emission of Carbon Dioxide Company Proprietary and Confidential 28
• In which the plants will consume oxygen and carbon dioxide is produced
• CO2 is only responsible for 20 % of the natural greenhouse effect
• 60 % of the anthropogenic greenhouse effect that contributes to current
global warming

29. Noise Pollution Company Proprietary and Confidential 29
Human Response
F1
cars
0 Hz 10,000 Hz
Sensitive 8,000 Hz
500 Hz 2,000 Hz
The damage done to the ear could cause certain situations:
• Piercing to the eardrum
• Breaking of the bone
• Constant exposure to high intensity sounds leading to noise-induced deafness
• Presbycousis- loss of acuity with increasing age.

30. Effects of Noise Company Proprietary and Confidential 30
EFFECTS
PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL OTHER EFFECTS
EFFECTS EFFECTS
Respiratory system Hearing loss
Task interference
Muscular system Speech interference
Cardiovascular system Sleep interference
Neuroendocrine system Annoyance

31. Company Proprietary and Confidential 31

32. Company Proprietary and Confidential 32