2. ExploringMySQL BestPractices for
DBA`s

3. About ME
Baruchosoveskiy
• Senior Consultant @brillix
• Linux/UNIXSYSADMIN(from 1999)
• DBA onoracleand MySQL.
• Working withMySQLfrom 2000.
• blogger in ildba.co.il

4. History of MySQL
• 1979Founded anddevelopedbyDavid Axmark,Allan Larsson,
and Michael“Monty” Widenius
• Named afterMonty'sdaughter,My
• Sun acquiredMySQLABin Jan2008for$1billiondollars
• OracleacquiredSun in 2010for $5.6billiondollars
• 4December2012 DavidAxmark,AllanLarsson,and Michael
“Monty” Widenius announcedMariaDB

5. MySQLVersion History
• 3.11.1First public release
• 3.23 IntegratedBerkeleyDB supportstransactions,
abstractStorageEngine
• 4.0IntegrationInnoDB
• 4.1 significantimprovements,subquery,Unicode,c /s
communicationprotocol

6. MySQL Version History
• 5.0storedprocedure,view,triggers,queryoptimizer
• 5.1 NDB,record replicationInnoDB plugin defaultinstall
• 5.5 OracleFirstVersionMulti processsupport,
~300% performanceimprovement
• 5.6and7.4clusterCurrentGAVersion
• 5.7CurrentDEV Version
** Productionrecommendationis 5.5 and 5.6.

7. Who uses MySQL?

8. US Navy carrier flight
operations

9. MySQL Server
Community:
Freelydownloadableversionopensourcedatabase.It is
availableunder the GPL license and issupportedbya huge
and activecommunityof open sourcedevelopers.
Enterprise: Free for 30 day evaluation
Paidsubscriptionincludessupportand the following:
• MySQLEnterpriseBackup (LIVE BACKUPtool)
• MySQLEnterpriseMonitor(“GRID CONTROL” like tool)
• MySQLQueryAnalyzer
• MySQLWorkbench(Free)

10. MySQLArchitecture vs ORACLE Architecture
is it user or schema ?
DataBase
Instance(pmon,smon…) ServerInstance(mysqld)
User User
TableSpace TableSpace
DataFile OSFile-.ibdMYI.MYD.Frm
DataBaseSchema
User

11. Storage Engines
why so many ?

12. Storage Engines
why so many ?
• handles,and retrievesinformationfrom a table
• EachStorage Enginehaveits Advantageanddisadvantage
• There is noperfectStorageEngine
• The recommended/default StorageEngineis InnoDB

13. Storage Engines
why so many ?
Attribute MyISAM HEAP
(Memory)
InnoDB/*XtraDB ARCHIVE
(Compressed stor
age)
Transaction NO NO YES No
LockGranularity Table Table Row row
Storage Filepre
table
In memory TableSpace / fileper
table
Files
Isolationlevel None None All None
Referential
Integrity(FK)
NO NO Yes No
Cached Data NO YES YES No
Advantageand disadvantage
* mariadb donot have INNODB

14. Storage Engines
why so many ?
Attribute MyISAM HEAP
(Memory)
InnoDB/*XtraDB ARCHIVE
(Compressed stor
age)
Transaction NO NO YES No
LockGranularity Table Table Row row
Storage Filepre
table
In memory TableSpace / fileper
table
Files
Isolationlevel None None All None
Referential
Integrity(FK)
NO NO Yes No
Cached Data NO YES YES No
Advantageand disadvantage
* mariadb donot have INNODB

15. Storage Engines
why so many ?
Attribute MyISAM HEAP
(Memory)
InnoDB/*XtraDB ARCHIVE
(Compressed stor
age)
Transaction NO NO YES No
LockGranularity Table Table Row row
Storage Filepre
table
In memory TableSpace / fileper
table
Files
Isolationlevel None None All None
Referential
Integrity(FK)
NO NO Yes No
Cached Data NO YES YES No
Advantageand disadvantage
* mariadb donot have INNODB

16. Storage Engines
why so many ?
Attribute MyISAM HEAP
(Memory)
InnoDB/*XtraDB ARCHIVE
(Compressed stor
age)
Transaction NO NO YES No
LockGranularity Table Table Row row
Storage Filepre
table
In memory TableSpace / fileper
table
Files
Isolationlevel None None All None
Referential
Integrity(FK)
NO NO Yes No
Cached Data NO YES YES No
Advantageand disadvantage
* mariadb donot have INNODB

17. Storage Engines
why so many ?
And more
• Percona XtraDB enhancedversionof the InnoDB storage
engine.
• RocksDB (LevelDB) is an persistentkey-valuestore for
faststorage.
• OQGRAPH (for MariaDB) Open QueryGRAPHengine

19. MySQL configuration-my.cnf,my.ini
where is my spfile?

20. MySQL configuration - my.cnf,my.ini
where is my spfile?
• Configurationfile name my.cnf
• ConfigurationfileLocation:
“/etc/my.cnf”, “/etc/mysql/my.cnf “ in linux,
“C:ProgramDataMySQLMySQL Server 5.6my.ini” inwindows
• mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
• Can run Multiple MySQLInstancesononemachine
needdifferent port

21. Storage and log types
what is this file? can I delete it ?
• ErrorLog:log-error (Oracle alertlog)
• BinaryLog:log-bin (Oracle Archivelogs)
• SlowQueryLog:log-slow-queries,slow-query-time,log-queries-
not-using-indexes
• GeneralLog: MySQLsessiondebug log

22. • .frm: MySQLrepresentseach tablebyan .frm tableformat
file, storestabledefinitionin the databasedirectory.
• .MYD: This is theextensionof theDatafiles for MyISAM
tables.
• .MYI:Thisis theextensionof the Indexfiles for MyISAM
tables.
Storage and log types
what is this file? can I delete it ?

23. • TABLE_NAME.ibd:If youspecify innodb_file_per_tableoption
to my.cnf,InnoDBstoreseachtable in itsown .ibd
• ibdata1: Sharedtablespace/ data file for InnoDB tables
when innodb_file_per_tableoption isnotspecifiedin my.cnf.
• ib_logfile0, ib_logfile1: InnoDBlogfiles. importantfor
performanceand recovery.
Storage and log types
what is this file? can I delete it ?

24. The Data Dictionary
where is v$ and DBA_ ?

25. The Data Dictionary
where is v$ and DBA_
• INFORMATION_SCHEMA– INFORMATIONaboutthe instance,table,
columns,views,privileges
• PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA– INFORMATIONaboutinstance
performance,topsql,top tableIO
• Showcommand– get systemvariablesinformation,oracle
:show parameters
show process list select * from v$sessions ;
show tables select table_name from user_tables;
show variables like ‘%size%’ show parameters size

26. SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA, SUM((DATA_LENGTH + INDEX_LENGTH) /
(1024 * 1024)) AS SIZE_MB FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
GROUP BY TABLE_SCHEMA ORDER BY SIZE_MB DESC
SELECT ROUTINE_TYPE, ROUTINE_NAME FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES WHERE
ROUTINE_SCHEMA='dbname';
SELECT EVENT_ID, EVENT_NAME, TIMER_WAIT
FROM PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA.events_waits_history
WHERE THREAD_ID = 13
ORDER BY EVENT_ID;
The Data Dictionary
where is v$ and DBA_

27. MySQL User account
• MySQLuser accountis basedon username and hostname
For example:
select user,host from mysql.user;
+--------+---------------------+
| user | host |
+--------+---------------------+
| baruch| % |
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | 192.168.10.40 |
| root | ::1 |
| root | localhost |
+--------+--------------------+
The Userroot@127.0.0.1 cannotconnect from 192.168.10.40
And theuserbaruch@% asconnectfrom all clients

28. Tips for
Developer

29. Tips for Developer
what the F***, no Sequences ?
• NoSequences - useAUTO_INCREMENT
id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT
- Must be tied toa [table].[column]
- Only one per table
- No systemwide capability
- LAST_INSERT_ID()
- No getnextcapability

30. Tips for Developer
Character Set/Collation
• Every character column hasa column characterset and a
column collation
CREATE TABLE t1
(
col1 CHAR(10) CHARACTER SET utf8,
COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci,
col2 TEXT
) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE
latin1_bin;

31. Tips for Developer
• EscapedReservedWords areallowed
CREATE TABLE `workers` (...);
CREATE TABLE “workers” (...); (depend on sql_mode)
• Spaceandother specialcharactersallowed
CREATE TABLE `My Table Name` (...);
(depend on OS for file creation )

32. Tips for Developer
can I use PL/SQL ?
• NoPL/SQL - StoredProcedureswith limited Functionality
NO - Types,Overloading,namedparameters,pinning,
packagesBuilt-in Packages
• MySQLProvide proceduresand functions

33. Tips for Developer
inserts and dual
• noneedof dual
• Multi valueinsert
INSERT INTO example
VALUES (100, 'Name 1', 'Value 1', 'Other 1'),
(101, 'Name 2', 'Value 2', 'Other 2');
• INSERTON DUPLICATEKEY
INSERT INTO table (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3)
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=c+1;
• StoreIP Addressas UNSIGNEDINT
SELECT INET_ATON('10.0.5.9');
167773449
select 1 select 1 from dual

34. Tips for Developer
SQL_MODE
• EmulateOracleBehavior
SET SQL_MODE=TRADITIONAL,ORACLE
Example :
Use concatin mysql :
SELECT CONCAT('A','B');
SET sql_mode='PIPES_AS_CONCAT';
SELECT 'A'||'B';
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-sql-mode.html

35. MySQL Cluster

36. MySQLReplication – Master Slave(n)

37. MySQL and NoSQL
NoSQL API

38. Q & A

39. Thanks for attending!
Baruch osoveskiy
baruch@brillix.co.il