1. Information Security For Small Business by Julius Clark Sr., MBA, CISSP, CISA

3. Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA)

4. Microsoft Certified System Engineer (MSCE).Julius Clark Sr. Location: Charlotte, NC Current home, been residing in Charlotte, NC for over 10 years Hometown Boston, Ma Profession Information Security Professional. 2

5. AgendaInformation Security for Small Business 3

6. Agenda (Continued)Information Security for Small Business 4

7. IT Security &Business Wholeness 5

9. Esteem - Recognition for Good Work

10. Love - Acceptance

11. Safety & Security – Stability

12. Needs – Air , Food, Water, Shelter6

14. Esteem - Recognition in Market Place

15. Love - Acceptance by Clients or Customers

16. Safety & Security – IT Security & Insurance

17. Needs – Capital & People7

18. Importance of Small Businesses Statistic: There are over 26 million small businesses in the U.S. Source: NIST 8

20. Lawsuits

21. Reputation loss

22. loss of market share

23. Theft of its technology , resources and products

24. Denial of service attacks

25. Blackmail9

26. What is Information Security? 10

28. Integrity

29. Availability11

30. What Is Information Security? Confidentiality Concept of protecting information from improper disclosure and protecting the secrecy and privacy of sensitive data so that the intellectual property and reputation of an organization is not damaged and that data related to individuals is not released in violation of regulations or the privacy policy of the organization. - From the CISSP® CBK® 12

31. What Is Information Security? Integrity Addresses two objects, which are protecting data and processes from improper modification, and ensuring the operations of the information is reliable and performing as expected. - From the CISSP® CBK® 13

32. What Is Information Security? Availability The concept of ensuring that the systems and data can be accessed when required. Availability is impacted by human error, cabling problems, software bug, hardware failures, loss of skilled staff, malicious code, and the many other threats that can render a system un-usable or unreliable. - From the CISSP® CBK®: 14

33. Components of information security architecture 15

35. Processes

36. Technology16

37. Components of Information Security Architecture People People are the weakest link of a business’ process. You all know why! 17

38. Components of Information Security Architecture Processes The operational aspects of small business. Safeguards can be automated or manual. 18

39. Components of Information Security Architecture Technology All of the tools, applications, software, and infrastructure that allows a business process to work and perform efficiently. Thus as a business owner you must ensure that you have adequate logical controls in place to help you stay on track with your business’ mission or purpose. 19

40. Cyber Crime In the news 20

42. Hacktivists

43. Cyber criminals

44. Information Warriors

45. Employees

46. Dumpster divers

47. Natural disasters

48. Terrorist activities21

50. Viruses

51. Denial of service

52. Turning your computer into a zombie aka “Bot”22

53. Cyber Crime In the News 23

54. Cyber Crime Statistics! Insider threats are responsible for over 80% of small business issues. There are over 70,000 active viruses ; and exponentially growing Information Security threats can damage or destroy small business 33% of businesses with 100 employees or less had a computer incident Source: NIST 24

55. Cyber Crime Statistics! Small Business Cyber Crime Report 42 % of businesses had a Laptop theft 44% of businesses suffered from Insider Abuse 21% of businesses reported Denial of Service 50% of businesses detected a viruses 20% of business systems became a “Bot” Source: Computer Security Institute Survey 25

56. Cyber Crime Statistics! Reported Data Breaches 2007 - there were 445 data breaches reported 2008 – there were 656 data breaches reported 2009 – approx. 392 data breaches reported. Source: October 9, 2009 USAToday 26

57. 27 Chronology of Data Breaches www.privacyrights.org

58. 28 Chronology of Data Breaches www.privacyrights.org The 354,537,108 indicates the total number of records compromised

59. Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Planning 29

60. Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery Planning NIST IT Security Fundamentals For Small Business Contingency and Disaster Recover planning considerations What happens if there is a disaster (flood, fire, tornado, etc) or a contingency (power outage, sewer backup, accidental sprinkler activation, etc)? Do you have a plan for restoring business operations during or after a disaster or a contingency? Since we all experience power outages or brownouts from time to time, do you have Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) on each of your computers and critical network components? They allow you to work through short power outages and to save your data when the electricity goes off. Conduct an inventory of all information used in running your business. Do you know where each type of information is located (on which computer or server)? Have you prioritized your business information so that you know which type of information is most critical to the operation of your business – and, therefore, which type of information must be restored first in order to run your most critical operations? If you have never (or not recently) done a full inventory of your important business information, now is the time. For a small business, this shouldn’t take longer than a few hours. For a larger business, this might take from a day to a week or so. While you are doing this inventory, ensure that the information is prioritized relative to importance for the entire business, not necessarily for a single part of the business. When you have your prioritized information inventory (on an electronic spreadsheet), add three columns to address the kind of protection that each type of information needs. Some information will need protection for confidentiality, some for integrity, and some for availability. 30

61. Identifying Business critical assets 31

62. Identifying Business Critical Assets 32

63. Identifying Business Critical Assets 33

64. Identifying Business Critical Assets 34

66. As you read/research your trade/professional publications, take note of the data security issues covered in these publications. Ask yourself “Is my business vulnerable to something like this? If so, what have others done that I could copy to protect my business?”

67. As you network with your peers, talk cyber security issues. Give and get advice, hints, tips, etc.

68. Make every effort to stay in touch with and on top of every threat or incident that does or could affect your business.

69. Join InfraGard to get critical information about current threats in your local area (and to act as eyes and ears to help protect our nation!).

72. Processes

73. Technology37

74. Safeguarding Critical Assets People People are the weakest link of the three components of Information Security! 38

76. Lock up laptops when they are not in use.

77. Control who has access to your systems and networks, this includes cleaning crews. No one should be able to walk into your office space without being challenged by an employee.

79. Do not provide access to all data to any employee,

80. Only give employee enough access privileges necessary to perform job.

81. Do not allow a single individual to both initiate and approve a transaction (financial or otherwise).39

82. Safeguarding Critical Assets Processes The operational aspects of small business; needs checks and balances aka controls. 40

84. Backups can be done inexpensively if copied to another hard drive that can hold 52 weeks of backups; 500GB should be sufficient for most businesses.

85. Consider cloud/ online backup solutions; convenient but slow to restore.

86. Backups should be performed at a minimum weekly, but better if done daily.

87. A full backup should be performed once a month and taken off site incase of a fire, flood, theft or other disaster.

88. Portable USB Drive is recommended ; 1 TB

90. Employees should review computer usage policies on the 1st day of work.

91. Train them about expectations concerning limited use of telephones, printers and other business resources.

92. After training they should sign a a statement that they understand these policies and the penalties for violation of business policies.41

94. To protect information and systems, employees should not operate computers with administrative privileges.

95. Malicious code will gain the same privileges and install itself on a system if the user is using an account with administrative privileges.

97. Employees should review computer usage policies on the 1st day of work..

98. Train them about expectations concerning limited use of telephones, printers and other business resources.

99. After training they should sign a a statement that they understand these policies and the penalties for violation of business policies. 42

101. It is recommended to have the anti-virus software, spyware and malicious code software to update automatically; frequently.

103. Ensure that your employees home PCs have a firewall installed between your/ their systems(s) and the Internet.

104. Change the administrative password upon installation and regularly thereafter. Good idea to change the administrator name too. 43

106. Set wireless device to not broadcast its Service Set Identifier (SSID).

107. Recommended encryption is WiFi Protected Access 2 (WPA-2) using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES).

108. NOTE: WEP (Wired-Equivalent Privacy) is not a good wireless security protocol.

109. It is recommended to configure Desktop / Server Operating systems to update automatically. 44

111. Make sure that the firewall is turned on.

113. It is recommended to configure systems to update automatically.

114. Ensure employees home PCs are configured to update automatically as well.

115. If you have many systems consider purchasing a product that can manage the process for your business.

116. Update Microsoft Office regularly. 45

117. Highly RecommendedIT Security Practices 46

119. Some will relate to expected employee practices for using business resources, such as telephones, computers, printers, fax machines, and Internet access.

120. Legal and regulatory requirements may also require certain policies to be put in place and enforced.

122. Policies should be communicated clearly to each employee and all employees should sign a statement agreeing that they have read the policies, that they will follow the policies, and that they understand the possible penalties for violating those policies.

123. This will help management to hold employees accountable for violation of the businesses policies.

125. Highly Recommended IT Security Practices!Business Policies Should Be In Place Security concerns about popup windows and other hacker tricks. When connected to and using the Internet, do not respond to popup windows requesting that you to click “ok” for anything. If a window pops up on your screen informing you that you have a virus or spyware and suggesting that you download an antivirus or antispyware program to take care of it, close the popup window by selecting the X in the upper right corner of the popup window. Hackers are known to scatter infected USB drives with provocative labels in public places where their target business’s employees hang out, knowing that curious individuals will pick them up and take them back to their office system to “see what’s on them.” What is on them is generally malicious code which installs a spy program or remote control program on the computer. Teach your employees to not bring USB drives into the office and plug them into your business computers (or take them home and plug into their home systems). It is a good idea to disable the “AutoRun” feature for the USB ports on your business computers to help prevent such malicious programs from running. 50

126. Highly Recommended IT Security Practices!Business Policies Should Be In Place Security considerations for web surfing. No one should surf the web using a user account which has administrative privileges. It is best to set up a special account with “guest” (limited) privileges to avoid this vulnerability. Issues in downloading software from the Internet. Do not download software from any unknown web page. Only those web pages belonging to businesses with which you have a trusted business relationship should be considered reasonably safe for downloading software. Such trusted sites would include the Microsoft Update web page where you would get patches and updates for various versions of the Windows operating system and Microsoft Office or other similar software. Most other web pages should be viewed with suspicion. Be very careful if you decide to use freeware or shareware from a source on the web. Most of these do not come with technical support and some are deliberately crippled so that you do not have the full functionality you might be led to believe will be provided. 51

127. Highly Recommended IT Security Practices!Business Policies Should Be In Place Doing online business or banking more securely. Online business/commerce/banking should only be done using a secure browser connection. This will normally be indicated by a small lock visible in the lower right corner of your web browser window. After any online commerce or banking session, erase your web browser cache, temporary internet files, cookies, and history so that if your system is compromised, that information will not be on your system to be stolen by the individual hacker or malware program. Recommended personnel practices in hiring employees. When hiring new employees, conduct a comprehensive background check before making a job offer. Ensure that you do criminal background checks on all prospective new employees. If possible, it is a good idea to do a credit check on prospective employees. This is especially true if they will be handling your business funds. Do your homework – call their references and former employers. Note: It is also an excellent idea for you the business owner to do a background check of yourself. Many people become aware that they are victims of identity theft only after they do a background check on themselves and find arrest records and unusual previous addresses where they never lived. 52

128. Highly Recommended IT Security Practices!Business Policies Should Be In Place How to protect against Social Engineering. Social engineering is a personal or electronic attempt to obtain unauthorized information or access to systems/facilities or sensitive areas by manipulating people. The social engineer researches the organization to learn names, titles, responsibilities, and publically available personal identification information. Then the social engineer usually calls the organization’s receptionist or help desk with a believable, but made-up story designed to convince the person that the social engineer is someone in, or associated with, the organization and needs information or system access which the organization’s employee can provide and will feel obligated to provide. Train employees to protect against social engineering techniques, employees must be taught to be helpful, but vigilant when someone calls in for help and asks for information or special system access. The employee must first authenticate the caller by asking for identification information that only the person who is in or associated with the organization would know. If the individual is not able to provide such information, then the employee should politely, but firmly refuse to provide what has been requested by the social engineer. The employee should then notify management of the attempt to obtain information or system access. 53

129. How to dispose of old computers and media. When disposing of old business computers, remove the hard disks and destroy them. The destruction can be done by taking apart the disk and beating the hard disk platters with a hammer. It is very common for small businesses to discard old computers and media without destroying the computers’ hard disks or the media. Sensitive business and personal information is regularly found on computers purchased on Ebay, thrift shops, Goodwill, etc, much to the embarrassment of the small businesses involved (and much to the annoyance of customers or employees whose sensitive data is compromised). Consider Using Full Disk Encryption if you handle sensitive data and information. 54 Highly Recommended IT Security Practices! NIST IT Security Fundamentals For Small Business

130. Information Security Resources for Small Business Small Business Information Security : The Fundamentals (Security Guide for Small Business) http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/drafts/ir-7621/draft-nistir-7621.pdf Small Business Center Documents http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SMA/sbc/library.html InfraGard – FBI Sponsored Cyber Security Program http://www.infragard.net Protecting Personal information www.ftc.gov/infosecurity Computer Security Training, Network Research & Resources www.SANS.org On Guard Online - Protect Your Personal Information http://www.onguardonline.gov/ 55

132. Integrity

133. Availability56

134. References 57 Surviving Security—How to Integrate People, Process and Technology, 2nd Edition http://www.isaca.org/Template.cfm?Section=Home&CONTENTID=27320&TEMPLATE=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfmIntroduction to the Business Model for Information Security , 2009 ISACAhttp://www.isaca.orgSmall Business Information Security : The Fundamentals (Security Guide for Small Business)http://www.nist.gov/cgi-bin//get_pdf.cgi?pub_id=903080 Small Business Center Documentshttp://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SMA/sbc/library.htmlInterHack,- Information Security: Friend or Foe, 2002http://web.interhack.com/publications/whatis-security.pdf

135. 58 Contact Information Julius Clark Email: Julius.Clark.Sr@gmail.com Tel: 704-953-379 Blog: www.clarkthoughtleadership.blogspot.com