Presentation made for TU Delft's Master in Urbanism. Definition of problem statement, research question and aims for graduation project.

1. access to thev ecity
for e ryone
planning strategies to counteract residential segregation in Bogotá
Angela Bedoya
4112997

2. [c o n t e n t]
?
Bogotá Problem Question
Aim Methodology

3. [bogotá]
2010
Pop. 7,363,782
estimate
384 km2 of 1,775 km2
(25,3% is urban area)
Located in the geographic centre of
0 10 30 Km
the country,
South
America Colombia In the east mountain chain of The
Andes at
2,625 metres above sea level.
There (distrito capital), the 16% of
the National population lives and,
Accounts for 22% of the National
Gross Domestic Product
N
(DANE-SDP, 2007) - www.bogota.gov.co - (González et al., 2008) -
Source: author’s own 0 10 30 Km www.habitatbogota.gov.co

4. [bogotá]
[bogotá] [randstad]
7,363,782 Population 8,000,000
384 km2 9,000 km2
[bta] 21,276 pp/km 2
[ams] 19,512 pp/km 2
[utr] 10,796 pp/km 2
[dh] 19,072 pp/km 2
[rott] 15,560 pp/km 2
N
0 10 20 30 40 50 Km
Source: author’s own with data from the tale of two regions and SDP, 2007

5. [bogotá]
Zipaquirá
Gachancipá
Tocancipá
Cajicá
Tabio Sopó
Chía
Tenjo
Facatativá
Cota
www.bogota.gov.co
Bojacá Madrid
Funza
La Calera
Main Natural borders - Bogotá river to
the west, Monserrate and Guadalupe
Mosquera
Bogotá D.C.
mountains to the east
Monserrate
3,152 m.s.l.
Guadalupe
3,317 m.s.l.
Inside the Cundinamarca department
Soacha
although the city is an independent
Sibaté
administration district.
Chipaque No Metropolitan area conformed
administratively, but it exists in the
urban dynamics of the city with
surrounding municipalities
Population census (DANE, 2005)
N
0 5 10 km
Source: author’s own with SDP shape files, 2009

6. [problem statement: residential segregation]
Today, Bogotá is a ‘profoundly segregated city’
(González, 2007, p.14). Rich and poor people
reside in different parts of the city and do not
interact often in the urban space (González et
al, 2008).

7. [residential segregation]
‘changing spatial phenomenon related in a complex way
with social inequalities’
‘clustering of families of the same social condition’
Three specific dimensions:
- Degree of spatial concentration
- Social homogeneity of city areas
- Reputation of those areas
(Sabatini, 2003 and Marcuse, 2001)

8. [residential segregation]
In Latin American cities the issue has been ap-
proached from socio economic perspective
How has been studied in Bogotá?
Employment
Subsidies
Taxes
[social and [distance in
economic] $ $ Support
space]
incomes expenses Public Services
Transport fare
Di erences in quality of life Housing
Education [distribution
[spatial] Access to facilities of facilities]
Public Parks and Housing Times
facilities public space location of travel
Author’s own based on González et al, 2008; González, 2007

9. [residential segregation]
In Latin American cities the issue has been ap-
proached from socio economic perspective
How has been studied in Bogotá?
Employment
Subsidies
Taxes
[social and [distance in
economic] $ $ Support
space]
incomes expenses Public Services
Transport fare
Di erences in quality of life Housing
Education [distribution
[spatial] Access to facilities of facilities]
Public Parks and Housing Times
facilities public space location of travel
Author’s own based on González et al, 2008; González, 2007

10. con la matriz origen
[residential segregation] de entradas (Pnud, I
en donde haya mezc
por hogar, y para qu
condiciones, que hay
1. Social and economic distance de la red vial local. Pa
in space que conjugar la gesti
la segregación socioe
Several variables used
Residential segregation index
Per ‘localidad’ Human development report for cuadro 3.1 C
Bogotá 2008. (importance of the territorial índice de segregación residencial (isr)
entity where it is calculated) (Por localidad. Tres formas de medir la segregación) y
d
variable localidad
r
Homes income Ingreso del hogar 11,46 c
d
Homes expenses Gastos del hogar 12,37
Price per constructed square metre - housing Valor m2 construido 40,06
e
Fuente: Sdp, 2007. c
Segregation increases as the index s
increases! se calcula de tres m
El índice de segregac
(valor del m 2 constr
el ingreso oetel gasto
(González al., 2008)

11. INTERVENCIÓN PÚBLICA
[residential segregation]
Effects in the urban dynamics
Different urban conditions
‘the isolation of discriminated
and poor population groups
and the perception they have
on their own condition is what
Distance to centralities
favours social disintegration’
(Sabatini 2003: p. 9).
Main Main
city facilities city facilities
High rent areas
Historicaland
Low rent areas
financial centre
Source: Fernando Arenas (n.d) in Rojas 2011

12. [residential segregation]
MAPA 1. HOGARES POBRES POR N.B.I.
76000 88000 100000 112000
CHIA
SOPO
124000
124000
MAPA 1. HOGARES
TENJO GUASCA
Subsecretaría de Información y Estudios Estratégicos
01
Dirección de Información, Cartografía y Estadística
COTA
ENCUESTA DE CALIDAD DE VIDA 2007
FACATATIVA
Fuente y Características Técnicas 76000 88000
Mapa
ZIPACON Digital de Bogotá D.C.
Coordenadas Cartesianas con origen en la intersección del meridiano
74 grados 09 minutos con el paralelo 4 grados 41 minutos al cual se SUBA
le asignaron las Coordenadas Planas N:109.320.965 m. y E:334.879 m. 2,8
Cotas referidas a la nivelación geométrica establecida por el IGAC para
el D.A.C.D. Plano de Proyección 2.550 m. sobre el nivel del mar. Datos
de nivelación, nivel medio del mar. FUNZA USAQUEN
2,1
0 1.500 3.000 6.000
Metros
5% of Bogota’s homes are
ESCALA 1:275000
CONVENCIONES
Perímetro del Distrito
LA CALERA
112000
112000
Límite de localidad ENGATIVA
EVOLUCIÓN DE LA POBREZA 2003 - 2007 (%) 2,7
considered to be in poverty
0,00 - 2,50
BOJACA 2,51 - 5,00
5,01 - 7,50 FONTIBON
124000
7,51 - 10,00 2,5
MOSQUERA
>10 BARRIOS UNIDOS
3,5
TENJO
TENA
TEUSAQUILLO
0,5
CHAPINERO
1,6
conditions and 0.5% are in
Subsecretaría de Información y Estudios Estratégicos
01
destitution conditions.
KENNEDY
Dirección de Información, Cartografía y Estadística
BOSA 4,3
7,6
PUENTE ARANDA
2,2
LOS MARTIRES
COTA
FACATATIVA(Total households: 1,978,528)
3,6
CANDELARIA
ENCUESTA DE CALIDAD DE VIDA 2007
SAN ANTONIO DEL TEQUENDAMA
100000
100000
5,3 SANTA FE
ANTONIO NARI¥O 9,2
3,4
SOACHA
Fuente y Características Técnicas
TUNJUELITO
CHOACHI
6,2
RAFAEL URIBE URIBE
7,6
SAN CRISTOBAL
Mapa
ZIPACON Digital de Bogotá D.C.
Higher percentages in the south
7,4
Coordenadas Cartesianas con origen en la intersección del meridiano
74 grados 09 minutos con el paralelo 4 grados 41 minutos al cual se
UBAQUE
le asignaron las Coordenadas Planas N:109.320.965 m. y E:334.879 m.
Cotas referidas a la nivelación geométrica establecida por el IGAC para
part of the city
88000
88000
CIUDAD BOLIVAR
13,9
el D.A.C.D. Plano de Proyección 2.550 m. sobre el nivel del mar. Datos FOMEQUE
de nivelación, nivel medio del mar. FUNZA
SIBATE
SILVANIA
CHIPAQUE
EVOLUCIÓN DE LA POBREZA 2003 - 2007
0 1.500 3.000 6.000
14
Metros
12
CAQUEZA
ESCALA 1:275000
Poor homes per ‘localidad’ (administrative unit)
10
Legend
8
CONVENCIONES
according to unsatisfied basic needs.
6
76000
76000
4
2 District perimeter
Perímetro del Distrito
112000
0
Localidad limit
Límite de localidad
Usme
Rafael Uribe Uribe
Ciudad Bolívar
San Cristóbal
Usaquén
Santa Fe
Chapinero
Tunjuelito
Fontibón
Engativá
Total Bogotá
Teusaquillo
La Candelaria
Los Martires
Bosa
Suba
Barrios Unidos
Antonio Nariño
Puente Aranda
Kennedy
LOCALIZACIÓN DE BOGOTÁ D.C. EN
USME
9,1 Poverty evolution 2003 - 2007 (%) (%)
EVOLUCIÓN DE LA POBREZA 2003 - 2007
Criteria: Inadequate housing (0.7%), critical over-
crowding (2.6%), inadequate services (0.2), high
EL DEPARTAMENTO DE CUNDINAMARCA
Pobres 2003 Pobres 2007
0,00 - 2,50
PUERT O SALGAR
UNE
economic dependence (1.6%), school dropout
YACOPI
SIM IJACA
SUSA
FOSCA
FUQUENE
PAIM E GUACHET A
CAPARRAPI
BOJACA
TOPAIPI
LA PAL MA CARM EN DE CARUPA
SAN CAYETANO UBAT E LENGUAZAQUE
EL PENO N VIL LAGOM EZ
SUT ATAUSA CUCUNUBA VIL LAPINZO N
LA PENA
PASCA
2,51 - 5,00
UTICA TAUSA
GUADUAS
NIMAIM AVERGARA PACHO SUESCA
CHOCONT A
QUEBRADANEGRA COGUA NEM OCON
TIBIRIT A
(0.5%).
NOCAIMA SUPATA
QUETAME
VIL LETA GACHANCIPA MACHETA
ZIPAQUIRA SESQUIL E
CHAG UANI LA VEG A SUBACHOQUE TOCANCIPA MANTA
SASAIMA SAN F RANCISCO TABIO
GUAYABAL DE SIQUIM A CAJI CA GUATAVITA
VIANI AL BAN SO PO GACHET A
CHIA
SAN JUAN DE RIO SECO BIT UIM A TENJO
FONTIBON
FACATATI VA GUASCA UBALA
ANO LAIMA COTA
ZIPACON
5,01 - 7,50
FUNZ A
BELT RAN PUL I QUIPILE CACHIPAY LA CALERA JUNIN
GAMA
BO JACA SAN PEDRO DE JAGUA
LA MESA TENA MOSQUERA
GACHAL A
SAN ANT ONIO DEL TEQUENDAMA
SO ACHA
JERUSALEN ANAPOIM AEL COLEGIO CHOACHI
FOM EQUE
GUATAQUI APULO
UBAQUE MEDINA
SIBAT E
VIO TA SIL VANIA CHIPAQUE
TOCAIM A
NARINO CAQ UEZ A PARATEBUENO
AG UADE DI OS
GIRARDOT TIBACUY
FOSCA QUETAME
2,5
RICAURT E NILO FUSAGASUG A PASCA UNE
7,51 - 10,00
¯
ARBELAEZ GUAYABETAL
64000
64000
PANDI GUTIERREZ
SAN BERNARDO
BO GOT AD. C.
MOSQUERA
Source: Life quality survey Bogotá (DANE-SDP,
VENECIA
¯
CABRERA
GUAYABETAL
SUMAPAZ
21,3
GUTIERREZ >10
2007)
FUSAGASUGA
TENA
ARBELAEZ

13. [residential segregation]
2. Uneven distribution of
facilities
Urban stratification
Classification of residentialInformación y EstudiosDistrital – SDP
Subsecretaria de areas, im-
Secretaria de Planeación
Estratégicos
mediate surroundings and urbanised
La estratificación urbana de Bogotá y el proceso de actualización
context in Bogotá.
La clasificación de cada manzana, en uno de seis estratos, se realiza directamente por el
software, teniendo en cuenta la información registrada. En la imagen 2 se visualiza un
ejemplo prototipo de cada estrato en Bogotá.
Imagen 2.
Fotografías por estrato en Bogotá
Urban stratification
Stratum 1
Stratum 2
Stratum 3
Stratum 4
Stratum 5 N
Stratum 6
Without Fuente: SDP - Dirección de Estratificación 2009
Source: Urban stratification document (SDP, 2009)
Se llama la atención sobre el hecho que no son objeto de estratificación los predios
0 5 10 km dedicados a usos distintos al residencial, es decir, no se les asigna estrato a lotes, zonas
Source: author’s own with SDP shape files, 2009

14. [residential segregation]
Urban stratification and main roads network
N
0 5 10 km
1 and 2 3 and 4 5 and 6
Source: author’s own with SDP shape files, 2009

15. [residential segregation]
Roads density
In the south western
parts of the city the
main roads density is
lower, and the local
roads density is rela-
tively higher
Density of main urban roads per Density of neighbourhood roads
localidad per localidad
0.0519 - 0.0943 0.0989 - 0.1289
0.0449 - 0.0518 0.0738 - 0.0988
0.0324 - 0.0448 0.0662 - 0.0737
0.0219 - 0.0323 0.0589 - 0.0561
0.0113 - 0.0218 0.0435 - 0.0588
Localidad limit Localidad limit
0 5 10 km 0 5 10 km
(González et al., 2008)