1. Grammar Book
Belinda Iruku

2. Table of Contents
• 1. Nacionalidades
• 2. Stem Changing Verbs
• 3. para
• 4. Indirect Object Pronouns
• 5. Pronoun Placement
• 6. Gustar
• 7. Affirmative and Negative Words
• 8. Superlatives
• 9. reflexives
• 10. affirmative tu commands + irregulars + pronoun placement
• 11. negative tu command + irregulars + pronoun placement
• 12. sequencing events

4. e>ie e>i
Querer- to want Servir- to serve
Pensar- to think Pedir- to ask for
Tener- to have Decir- to say or tell
Vener- to come
o>ue
Dormir- to sleep e>ie
Jugar- to play Preferir- to prefer
Recordar- to remember Comenzar- to begin
Volver- to return Empezar- to begin
Poder- to be able

5. Para For, in order to
Indicates purpose or destination
Proposition
Examples:
El regalo para tu mama.
Vamos al restuarante para comer.

6. Indirect Object Pronouns

7. Pronoun Placement
Attach pronoun to the infinitive.
Attach the pronoun to a progressive tense.
Place a pronoun before a conjugated verb
Attach the pronoun to an affirmative command.

8. Gustar

9. Affirmative and Negative Words
• algo- something
• alguien- someone
• alguno(a)- any
• nada- nothing
• nadie- no one
• ninguno(a)- none
• tampaco- neither

10. Los Superlativos
ísimo Added to
ísimos adjectives
and adverbs
ísima
ísimas
very or extremely

11. Reflexives
acostarse
afeitarse
bañarse
me nos despertarse
dormirse
ducharse
te os lavarse
levantarse
maquillarse
se se peinarse
secarse

12. Affirmative tu commands
drop the ‘s’
di- decir
haz- hacer
ve- ir
pon- poner
sal-salir
se-ser
ten-tener
ven-venir

13. Negative tu commands
T no tengas
1.put into yo V no vengas
form D No des
2.change the I no vayas
vowel S no seas
3.add ‘s’ H no hagas
E no estes
S no sepas

14. Sequencing Events
Primero- first
Entonces- then
Luego- then
Despues- after
Por fin- at last
Antes- before

15. Preterite
-ar -er/ir
-e -amos -í -imos
-aste -iste
-ó -aron -ió -ieron

16. -car, -gar, -zar
In yo form…
-car changes to –qué
-gar changes to –gué
-zar changes to -cé

17. debo debemos
debes debéis + infinitive
debe deben

18. Modal Verbs
-- In modal verb combinations, the
second verb is not conjugated, but
rather left in infinitive form.
Examples:
Deber- should; ought to Querer- to want
Desear- to desire Saber- know, know how to
Necesitar- to need Soler-usually; used to
Poder- can; be able to

19. Present Progressives
-ar verbs
•-ando
-ir or –er verbs
•-iendo

20. Adverbs
When a verb When there
ends in e, l, or are two
z, simply add - adverbs in a
mente to the sentence, only
end. the second
adverb gets -
mente on the
end.