Ontology and spatial planning

University of Basilicata LISUT
Faculty of Engineering Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Urbani e Territoriali

Department of Architecture, Planning and Transport Laboratory of Urban and Regional Systems Engineering
Infrastructure

Ontology
and
spa-al
planning.

Beniamino
Murgante,
Francesco
Scorza

Università
della
Basilicata
–
Laoratorio
di
Ingegneria
dei
Sistemi
Urbani
e
Territoriali
(LISUT)

University
of
Basilicata
–
Laboratory
of
Urban
and
Regional
Systems
Engineering
(LISUT),

Viale
dell Ateneo
Lucano
10,
85100,
Potenza
–
Italy

Name.surname@unibas.it

ICCSA 2011 – University of Cantabria, Santander, SPAIN Ing. Francesco Scorza


Infrastructure

Index:

•  Lack
of
data
vs
interoperability

•  SemanRc
barriers
and
ontology

•  Broad
ontology

•  Conclusions


Infrastructure

Lack
of
data
vs
interoperability

“Isolated” data set

Recent trends:
•  Wiki approach in data production
•  Volunteered geographic information
•  Crowdsourcing
•  Neogeography (geotg, blogs, etc.)
•  …


Infrastructure

Lack
of
data
vs
interoperability

Three main barriers:

•  Bureaucratic: poor practice in sharing data
•  Technological: differences between systems
and data formats
•  Semantic: lack of correspondance in
meanings.


Infrastructure

SemanRc
barriers

… the main issue in usign GIS is “where is located an
object” without thinking in deep about “what you are
looking for” …..


Infrastructure

SemanRc
barriers

… the main issue in usign GIS is “where is located an
object” without thinking in deep about “what you are
looking for” …..

Obj.


Infrastructure

Ontology

A tool for achieving database integration and interoperability

Planning issues:
•  Complexity
•  Detailed analysis SemanRc

•  Domains specialists
•  Perceived visions
agreement

•  Conflicting interests
•  Uncertainty
•  …


Infrastructure

Broad
ontology

DefiniRon
of
…
Ontology

Obj.

DefiniRon
of
…
DefiniRon
of
…

DefiniRon
of
…

AYributes
…

DefiniRon
of
…

RelaRons
…


Infrastructure

Broad
ontology


Infrastructure

Broad
ontology

a)

c) b)


Infrastructure

Broad
ontology

!
9-intersection model


Infrastructure

Broad
ontology

!
Broad boundaries model


Infrastructure

Rough
set

Information System
IS = (U, A)
Let U be a nonempty finite set of objects called the universe
U = { 1, x2, x3, x4 , x5, x6,............, xn }
x
Let A be a nonempty finite set of attributes
A = { 1, A2, A3}
A
! a"A # Va = value set (domain of attribute)
V1 = { ,2, 3 }
1
V2 = { , 2}
1
V3 = { ,2, 3, 4}
1 R e v u e d e s N o u v e l l e s Te c h n o l o g i e s d e
l'Information, Éditions Cépaduès, France


Infrastructure

Rough
set

U a1 a2 a3
x1 2 1 3
Information System X2 3 2 1
X3 2 1 3
X4 2 2 3
f : U → Va
a information function X5 1 1 4
X6 1 1 2
X7 3 2 1
X8 1 1 4
X9 2 1 3
x10 3 2 1

Murgante B., Las Casas G., Sansone A., (2008) “ A spatial rough R e v u e d e s N o u v e l l e s Te c h n o l o g i e s d e
set for extracting periurban fringe” l'Information, Éditions Cépaduès, France


Infrastructure

Rough
set

U a1 a2 a3 d1
x1 2 1 3 1
Decision System

X2 3 2 1 4
A decision system is an X3 2 1 3 5
information system in which X4 2 2 3 2
the values of a special
X5 1 1 4 2
decision attribute classify the
cases X6 1 1 2 4
X7 3 2 1 1
DS = (U, A ∪ d ) d≠A X8 1 1 4 2
X9 2 1 3 3
other attributes a ! A- {d} x10 3 2 1 2
Conditional Attributes
R e v u e d e s N o u v e l l e s Te c h n o l o g i e s d e
l'Information, Éditions Cépaduès, France


Infrastructure

Rough
set

Lower Approximation
{
LX = xi ∈ U [xi ]ind ( B ) ⊂ X }
Equivalence
classes
Upper Approximation
{
UX = xi ∈U [xi ]ind ( B) ∩ X ≠ ∅ }
Accuracy
µB ( X ) = card(LX ) / card(UX )

BX = UX − LX Boundary region If BX = ∅ then the set X is Crisp
Murgante B., Las Casas G., Sansone A., (2008) “ A spatial rough If BX ≠ ∅ then the set X is Rough
set for extracting periurban fringe”


Infrastructure

ReDO

!"#$$%$
&'"(!)
*''"$
#!*'+
&+',%!*
&"#-
&+'.+#/
%-0(+'-/%-*

4;0/<9=!>?;@
!" !"##$%&'(
!# )*+,-'&.,
!$ /-'&"%
!% !"##&'#,%'
!& 0,1%
!' 2"13
!( 4'51',6(
!) 7$*3&-
!* !"8'
!"+ 918:


Infrastructure

ReDO


Infrastructure

ReDO

1%)23'+4$2!+(*%+(#
!"#$$%$ !" !# !$ !% !& !' !( !) !* !"+
&'"(!) ! " # ! " !
*''"$ ! "
#!*'+ !
&+',%!* ! !
&"#- ! ! "
&+'.+#/ # " ! " !
%-0(+'-/%-* # " # !

4;0/<9=!>?;@
!" !"##$%&'(
!# )*+,-'&.,
!$ /-'&"%
!% !"##&'#,%'
!& 0,1%
!' 2"13
!( 4'51',6(
!) 7$*3&-
!* !"8'
!"+ 918:


Infrastructure

ReDO

ROSE 2


Infrastructure

ReDO

# LEM2
# C:Documents and SettingsLTDesktopReDO.ISF
# objects = 7
# attributes = 11
# decision = a6
# classes = {1, 3}
# 0s

rule 1. (a2 = 0) & (a5 = 0) => (a6 = 0); [2, 2, 66.67%, 100.00%][2, 0]
[{3, 4}, {}]
rule 2. (a1 = 3) => (a6 = 0); [1, 1, 33.33%, 100.00%][1, 0]
[{7}, {}]
rule 3. (a1 = 0) & (a8 = 0) & (a10 = 0) => (a6 = 2); [3, 3, 75.00%, 100.00%][0, 3]
[{}, {2, 5, 6}]
rule 4. (a1 = 1) => (a6 = 2); [1, 1, 25.00%, 100.00%][0, 1]
[{}, {1}]
**END


Infrastructure

ReDO

1%)23'+4$2!+(*%+(#
!"#$$%$ !" !# !$ !% !& !' !( !) !* !"+
&'"(!) ! " # ! " !
*''"$ ! "
#!*'+ !
&+',%!* ! !
&"#- ! ! "
&+'.+#/ # " ! " !
%-0(+'-/%-* # " # !

4;0/<9=!>?;@ rule 1. (a2 = 0) & (a5 = 0) => (a6 = 0); [2, 2, 66.67%, 100.00%][2, 0]
!" !"##$%&'(
!# )*+,-'&., rule 2. (a1 = 3) => (a6 = 0); [1, 1, 33.33%, 100.00%][1, 0]
!$ /-'&"%
!% !"##&'#,%'
rule 3. (a1 = 0) & (a8 = 0) & (a10 = 0) => (a6 = 2); [3, 3, 75.00%, 100.00%][0, 3]
!& 0,1%
!' 2"13
!( 4'51',6(
rule 4. (a1 = 1) => (a6 = 2); [1, 1, 25.00%, 100.00%][0, 1]
!) 7$*3&-
!* !"8'
!"+ 918:


Infrastructure

Conclusions

•  Interoperability
-‐>
produced
“uniﬁed
legends”
??

•  SDI
-‐>
semanRc
approach
could
reinforce
the

usability
of
the
systems

•  SemanRc
correspondence
brings
to
interoperability

not
only
between
data
sets
but
also
in
the
process
of

management
plans
and
intervenRon
programs.

Thanks

Ing.
Francesco
Scorza

PhD
Student
at

University
of
Basilicata
-‐
Faculty
of
Engineering

Department
of
Architecture,
Planning
and
Transport
Infrastructure
(DAPIT)

Laboratory
of
Urban
and
Regional
Systems
Engineering
(LISUT)

Viale
dell’Ateneo
Lucano,
10

85100
Potenza
–
Italy

www.lisut.org

francesco.scorza@unibas.it

Skype:
francescoscorza

Tel:
0039.347.7001363

Ontology and spatial planning

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