A presentation providing a brief summary of volunteer engineering projects I have been involved with in Honduras while working in collaboration with the Civil Engineering Department at CSU, Chico and Universidad Politécnica de Ingeniería.
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Appropriate engineering solutions for developing nations
1. Appropriate Engineering Solutionsfor Developing Nations California State University, Chico in collaboration with Universidad Politécnica de Ingeniería
2. Access to Sanitation WHO – Estimates 2.6 Billion people are without access to improved sanitation facilities worldwide (most in developing countries) Clean drinking water 900 million people without access to clean drinking water Wastewater treatment Solid waste management Problems associated with lack of sanitation Increased risk of pathogen transmission WHO – Estimates 1.5 Million children under age of 5 die every year from diarrhea Disease Virus Parasites
3. HONDURAS Population – 7,989,415 Population below poverty line - 59% Unemployed or underemployed - 36% Major infectious diseases; Food or waterborne diseases Bacterial diseases Hepatitus A Typhoid Fever Helminth – Ascaris infections Vectorborne diseases Dengue Fever Malaria Water contact diseases Leptospirosis
4. Projects in Honduras Sustainable Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Renovation and Expansion of existing Natural Wastewater Stabilization Lagoons. Tela, Honduras Solid Waste Management Proposed closure plan of open dump and new management plan for new sanitary landfill. Tela, Honduras Sanitation and Medical Facilities Design, procurement, and construction oversight for recyclers residing in an open dump. Tegucigalpa, Honduras
5. Municipality of Tela, Honduras Currently owns and operates a natural wastewater stabilization lagoon system serving 8,000 residents.
8. Problem Identification – Sludge Accumulation 15 years of sludge accumulation Sludge had reached a depth of 4 meters Approximated volume of sludge is 3,000 cubic meters
9. Problem Identification – Flow Measurement Improper design and construction of two Parshall flumes. No flow measurement of influent or effluent wastewater. Lacking grit chamber.
10. Problem Identification – Treated effluent and sustainability Treated effluent is discharged into the Rio Hylan Treated effluent could be used for agriculture Tertiary lagoon could also serve as a Tilapia farm
12. Solutions and ImplementationProcess Initial steps; Collaborate with the Municipality Site investigation Work on feasible plan of action Develop design report to submit to Municipality Assist Municipality with funding and technical guidance through implementation
35. May leak and harm workers, scavengers, and animals
36. May react with other chemicals deposited in the dump, possibly forming a more toxic byproduct.Currently no separation of Tela’s solid and special wastes
37. Tela Dump Closure A proper design for closure of a dump ensures that the waste will be covered with a minimum thickness of soil, known as the final cover (or cap). A properly designed final cover should: Provide durable surface drainage systems over the landfill Control infiltration of rainfall into the waste Control erosion of its surface (by wind and water runoff) Control the migration of gas and leachate generated within the landfilledwaste Control disease transmitting vectors
46. Alternative Methods: Trench Method Landfill A series of properly sized trenches in parallel are excavated as required, depending on the process design. Waste is deposited in the trenches, and when the trench is full (which will occur approximately once-per-month for a properly designed trench), the excavated material is used as cover.
47. Trench Method Landfill Immediate availability of cover without the need for full-time heavy equipment to compact, excavate and haul cover is a major advantage of the trench method.
80. Recomendations To Minimize Water Requirements: Wash Basins - Landfill Operator or recycler will fill basins once daily. Organized leaders from the recyclers will charge for water usage. Recyclers will be allowed one 20 liter bucket per day for laundry and bathing, therefore No Showers. Water demand – 180,000L/Month
Residential wastewater is transported via 2,500 connections flowing into four lift stations which pump the wastewater to the lagoon system.
Influent is transported via the pump stations to an open channel on the west side of the primary lagoon. From here, the wastewater flows via gravity through the lagoon system and is then discharged into the Rio Hylan adjacent to the lagoons.
There is no security fencing or way to divert livestock or pedistrian traffic around the lagoons. Many of the residents living east of the Lagoons use the lagoon site as a short-cut to town, and many of those own livestock which graze on the property. Another problem is natural wildlife, for the last five years we would spot a crocodile in the secondary and tertiary lagoons. It is rumored that this croc has a mate.