Open Access is changing research in three key ways according to the document: 1. Open Access is spreading beyond just publications to include data, protocols, software, research instruments, which is changing the nature of science itself. 2. Open Access is changing the nature of scientific papers by making them accessible to scientists in different fields and advanced users, as well as changing the processes around papers. 3. Open Access is creating new interactions between research and society and moving from just Open Access to publications towards commons-based science where data, protocols, software, and research instruments are also made openly accessible.