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The United States Constitution By Brandon Fannin

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1. What were the various problems with the Articles of Confederation? The Articles of Confederation was the first system of government in the new country of America. After the countless amount of issues born out of being owned by Great Britain, the expectations of the new system were as such: that power would be given through the people, that power would be expressed through a representative of the people, and that the representative was one of the needs and interests of the people. And while that sounds ideal, great almost, it doesn’t work out. The Articles as described in class, were pretty much bad/not good. Where the people were looking for the framework for an actual government, they seemed more like a firm league of friendship. The Articles, founded in 1778 lasted 10 years. Under this system there was no president or judiciary, any decision required a 9 out of 13 votes, so if it came down to 2/3rds there would be no decision made. The Articles allowed the declaration of war, conduct of foreign affairs, treaty creation, but could not tax. But hey two cool positives are that it won them the war and we also gained Ohio! And it was a tremendous disaster by the fact that it did not collect taxes, which was probably because the big debt from the war they had previously won. No tax means no power, and inadvertently no money either. This became a bigger problem because the newfound America had borrowed money and weapons from the French, and since they were in debt they couldn’t pay the French back. The inability to tax left the founders hands tied; they couldn’t tax so they were unable to address their debt issue. And as the debt intensified, there was a rebellion in Massachusetts kicking off known as “Shays Rebellion.” 2. How did Shays Rebellion motivate “the founders” to hold a convention to resolve the problems of the Articles? Shays Rebellion was the rebellion of the people (primarily farmers) against their government and more specifically, the affects of the Articles of Confederation. The huge debt problem affected everyone; farmers/civilians couldn’t pay mortgage, faced debt, and would land in jail. Shays Rebellion occupied the jails, courts, etc. and while the origins of this movement started in Massachusetts, movements were being started all over the new country because Massachusetts wasn’t the only state facing issues. At this moment the economic elite realized they needed to strengthen the central government in order to fight debt/put down the rebellion. And it is from this realization that the Constitution was born, the document that laid down the foundation for “freedom, liberty and rights.” But to whom were these rights attributed? It is important to note that the Constitutions original purpose was not about giving us our rights, but how to control the people. And we must divorce ourselves from the notion that the constitution gave us any rights. Eventually in late of May 1787 George Washington calls the convention into se ...

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Chapter 2 The Constitution and it’s framing. Lesson Plans 1. History and philosophy leading up to the constitution. 2. The revolution 3. Articles of Confederation 4. Constitutional Convention 5. Key Figures 6. Compromises 7. Amendments Enlightenment and the Country’s founding The founding of the country was based in principles in the European enlightenment. One of the Enlightenment’s goals was to base governance on rationality. Prior to the Enlightenment, governance was justified through tradition rather than reason. Locke v Hobbes Hobbes argued that the rationality for government was to prevent the state of nature. Hobbes argued that life without the state would be a war between all and nasty, brutish and short. He advocated for a dictator to prevent this. Locke disagreed. Locke argued that people would rather deal with what he called the mischief of foxes and polecats than to be devoured by lions. This means that conflicts between individuals are manageable, but a tyrannical state is impossible to avoid. Locke’s justification for a state is the social contract which is an agreement that the state protects rights. However if a state abuses its people, then it loses its legitimacy. Locke’s principles drove the American Revolution. The Revolution The colonies originally had more freedom to run their own land prior to the Seven Years War (war between France and England). The colonists were prevented to settle past Appalachia. To pay back the taxes that resulted from the Seven Years War, England levied taxes on the colonists. Colonists demanded representation in Parliament. Stamp Act, (Tax on Paper goods) Townsend Act (Tax on glass, Tea, Paint) The Colonies boycotted British Manufacturing goods. Britain sent troops to the colonies, leading to an altercation with the troops known as the Boston Massacre Britain passed an act that granted a monopoly on the British East India Tea Company, which led to the “Boston Tea Party.” The Revolution cont. These acts led to the state of Massachusetts to revolt, followed by the rest of the colonies. The Declaration of Independence laid out the principles that drove the colonies to revolt against England. This listed out the ways that Britain abused its power regarding the Social Contract. “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed” This quote has driven the ideals in which we govern ourselves. Articles of Confederation Immediately following the revolution, the new nation agreed on the Articles of confederation. The articles of confederation is the governing body that ruled the nation between the end of the Revolution and the creation of the constitution. A confede ...

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