1. Chapter 9 Muscular System PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology, 10 th edition , edited by S.C. Wache for Biol2064.01

2. You are responsible for the following figures and tables : Part I. Fine Structure and Function. Tab. 9.2 - Muscular System Function Fig. 9.1 - Muscular System Organs – Fig. 9.2 - 9.11 - Fine structure and function of muscles. Fig. 9.2 - Skeletal muscle organization. Fig. 9.4 – Myofibrils. Fig. 9.6 - Troponin, Tropomyosin, Actin and Myosin. Fig. 9.8 ­ NMJ, neuromuscular junction. Fig. 9.10 - Calcium from the SR binds troponin. Fig. 9.12 – ATP; creatine-phosphate. Fig. 9.13, 9.14 - Oxygen debt. Fig. 9.15 - Muscle twitches can be recorded. Fig. 9.16 - Different types of muscle contractions. See Glossary, p. 994. [see the table in the attached lecture handout]

3. You are responsible for the following figures and tables : Part II. Skeletal Muscle Identification. [see tables in the attached lecture handout ] Tab. 9.5 - Sternocleidomastoid Fig. 9.24 - Trapezius and Deltoid are named by their shape. Tab. 9.7 - Pectoralis major – Tab. 9.8 - Forearm muscles: Biceps brachii/agonist;Triceps brachii/antagonist. Tab. 9.10 - Muscle of the abdominal wall. Tab. 9.13 - Muscles that move the leg. Tab. 9.14 – Gastrocnemius.

4. Note: This chapter focuses on skeletal muscle fine structure and skeletal muscle identification. helps move substances through ducts or vessels (i.e. food, urine, semen, blood) walls of visceral hollow organs, irises of eyes, walls of blood vessels involuntary spindle shaped cells with one centrally located nucleus, lacking striations SMOOTH pump blood to lungs and body heart involuntary network of striated cells with a centrally located nucleus; are connected via intercalated discs CARDIAC move bones attached to bones voluntary long, thin, striated muscle fibers / cells with many nuclei SKELETAL FUNCTION LOCATION TYPE OF CONTROL STRUCTURE MUSCLE

7. Figure 9.2

10. Figure 9.6 Thin and Thick Filaments

12. Figure 9.4

14. Figure 9.7- Sarcoplasm content of a muscle cell = muscle fiber

16. Figure 9.9 – Neuromuscular Junction

17. Figure 9.9

19. Figure 9.10 – a) resting relaxed muscle; b) excited contracted muscle. Note the change in the actin/ troponin/ tropomyosin complex by binding of Ca 2+

20. Figure 9.12 – Sliding filament theory explains how actin moves along myosin filament thereby causing the shortening of the muscle.

24. Figure 9.12

30. Types of Muscular Responses Figure 9.17 – a) series of twitches; b) summation; c) tetanic contraction

34. Figure 9.17

35. Figure 9.17

45. Muscles of Facial Expression closes eye circular muscle around eye Orbicularis oculi depresses mandible over lower jaw to neck Platysma compresses cheeks “trumpeter’s muscle” hollow of cheek Buccinator elevates corners of mouth (“smiling muscle”) muscle that connects zygomatic arch to corner of mouth Zygomaticus (*) Origin: zygomatic arch Insertion: orbicularis oris closes lips (“kissing muscle”) circular muscle around the mouth Orbicularis oris elevates eyebrow Covers cranium over forehead over occipital Epicranius Frontalis Occipitalis ACTION LOCATION/ DESCRIPTION NAME OF MUSCLE

46. Muscle that moves the Head Muscles of Mastication elevates mandible convergent muscle over temporal bone Temporalis elevates mandible over lateral mandible Masseter Origin: Zygomatic Arch Insertion: Lateral Mandible ACTION LOCATION/ DESCRIPTION NAME OF MUSCLE flexion of head toward chest (both contracted) rotation/abduction of head (as antagonists) Major neck muscle Sternocleidomastoid(*) Origin: sternoclavicular Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone ACTION LOCATION/ DESCRIPTION NAME OF MUSCLE

47. Muscles That Move the Head Fig.9.25- Sternocleidomastoid: pulls head to one side, flexes the neck

48. Muscles That Move the Head Fig. 9.23- Splenius capitis : rotates head, bends head, extends neck

49. Fig. 9.23 - Semispinalis: extends and bends head to one side, rotates head; Longissimus capitis: extends and rotates head.

50. Muscles that move the Pectoral Girdle scapula fixator Saw-toothed lateral thoracic muscle Serratus anterior scapula fixator Muscle deep to Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor elevates pectoral girdle (“shoulder shrug”) Trapezoid shaped muscle in posterior neck and upper back Trapezius (*) Origin: occipital bone & spines of C7-T12 Insertion: clavicle and acromion process of scapulae ACTION LOCATION/ DESCRIPTION NAME OF MUSCLE

51. Muscles that move the Arm (Humerus) abduction of humerus Triangular shaped shoulder muscle Deltoid adduction of humerus Large, back muscle Latissimus dorsi flexes arm medially (pull arms forward and together) Large, convergent chest muscle Pectoralis major (*) Origin: clavicle, sternum, & costal cartilages of ribs 1-6 Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus ACTION LOCATION/ DESCRIPTION NAME OF MUSCLE

52. Muscles that move the Forearm (Radius and Ulna) extension of arm at elbow (antagonist) posterior upper arm muscle (three heads) Triceps brachii flexion of arm at elbow (synergist) lateral muscle between upper and forearm Brachioradialis flexion of arm at elbow (synergist) muscle beneath biceps brachii Brachialis flexion of arm at elbow (prime mover) fusiform, parallel, anterior upper arm muscle (2 origins) Biceps Brachii (*) Origin: Coracoid process Insertion: Radial tuberosity ACTION LOCATION/ DESCRIPTION NAME OF MUSCLE

53. Figure 7.14

54. Muscles of the Forearm Fig. 9.29- Biceps brachii: flexes forearm, rotates hand; Brachialis, Brachioradialis: flexes forearm; Triceps brachii: extends forearm

55. Muscles of the Forearm Fig. 9.29- Supinator: rotates forearm laterally; Pronator teres: rotates forearm medially; Pronator quadratus: rotates forearm medially

56. Muscles that move Wrist, Hand, Fingers extension of wrist/fingers posterior forearm muscle Extensor digitorum flexion of wrist anterior forearm muscle located between two above Palmaris longus flexion of wrist anterior, medial forearm muscle Flexor carpi Ulnaris flexion of wrist anterior, lateral forearm muscle Flexor carpi Radialis ACTION LOCATION/ DESCRIPTION NAME OF MUSCLE

57. Muscles that tense the Abdominal Wall tenses abdominal wall deep abdominal muscle; runs perpendicular to rectus abdominis Transversus abdominis tenses abdominal wall deep oblique abdominal muscle Internal Oblique tenses abdominal wall superficial/lateral oblique abdominal muscle External Oblique tenses abdominal wall strap like muscle from costal cartilages to ilium Rectus abdominis (*) Origin: pubic crest/symphysis Insertion: xiphoid process & costal cartilages of 5-7 th ribs ACTION LOCATION/ DESCRIPTION NAME OF MUSCLE

58. Muscles that move the Thigh (Femur) adduction of femur medial thigh muscle Adductor Longus abduction of femur lateral hip muscle Gluteus Medius extension of hip at thigh (as in walking or climbing stairs) buttocks, largest muscle in body Gluteus Maximus (*) Origin: dorsal ilium, sacrum, coccyx Insertion: posterior femur ACTION LOCATION/ DESCRIPTION NAME OF MUSCLE

59. Muscles that move the Tibia & Fibula flexion of leg at knee posterior thigh; hamstring Semimembranosus flexion of leg at knee posterior thigh; hamstring Semitendinosus flexion of leg at knee posterior thigh; hamstring Biceps femoris flexion of knee forward parallel strap-like muscle; crosses thigh Sartorius (*) Origin: iliac spine Insertion: medial tibia extension of leg at knee deep anterior thigh; quadriceps Vastus intermedius extension of leg at knee medial anterior thigh; quadriceps Vastus Medialis extension of leg at knee lateral anterior thigh; quadriceps Vastus lateralis extension of leg at knee anterior thigh; quadriceps Rectus femoris ACTION LOCATION/ DESCRIPTION NAME OF MUSCLE

60. Muscles that move the Foot & Toes Note the location of the Calcaneal Tendon Fig 9.40, p324. plantar flexion (synergist) deep to gastrocnemius Soleus plantar flexion (prime mover) posterior lower leg (i.e. calf muscle); two origins Gastrocnemius (*) Origin: condyles of femur Insertion: calcaneus eversion lateral to fibula Peroneus longus dorsiflexion anterior to tibia Tibialis anterior ACTION LOCATION/ DESCRIPTION NAME OF MUSCLE