1. Chapter 3 Cells

2. You are responsible for the following figures and tables : Fig. 3.1 - The cells of the human body. Fig. 3.2 - Specialized cells. Fig. 3.42. Fig. 3.3 - Generalized diagram of a universal animal cell. Fig. 3.6 - Phospholipid bilayer Fig. 3.7 - Embedded in this cell membrane are transmembrane proteins. Fig. 3.8 - cells communicate with each other Fig. 3.12 - representation of a cell. Fig. 3.12, 3.29, 3.30, 3.31 – endocytosis and exocytosis. Fig. 3.21 - Passive transport does not require energy. Tab. 3.4 - summary of transport mechanisms in and out of the cell. Fig. 3.36 - cell cycle - Name the phases. Fig. 3.37 - Name the phases of cell division, describe them. Define ' cancer'. Tab. 3.6.

4. Cells – They consist of: Cell membrane Cytoplasm Cytoplasmic organelles Nucleus

9. Figure 3.7

11. Cell Components and Organelles CELL COMPONENT/ ORGANELLES DESCRIPTION/STRUCTURE FUNCTION(S) CELL or PLASMA MEMBRANE a phospholipid bilayer with transmembranous proteins / protein channels dispersed throughout it semipermeable cell boundary ( controls active/passive Transport ) CYTOPLASM jelly-like plasma / fluid (70% H 2 O) suspends organelles in cell; translation of m-RNA into protein using t-RNA NUCLEUS control center of the cell; bound by phospholipid bilayer = nuclear membrane; contains DNA DNA replication = synthesis of DNA double strand; DNA transcription into mRNA m-RNA synthesis r-RNA synthesis NUCLEOLUS dense spherical body within nucleus; area of r-RNA synthesis / protein synthesis of ribosomes RIBOSOMES consist of r-RNAs / proteins; dispersed throughout cytoplasm and on RER protein synthesis using m-RNA as template and t-RNA adding on amnio acids to the growing protein = translation ROUGH ER ( RER ) Membranous network studded with ribosomes protein synthesis = translation SMOOTH ER ( SER ) Membranous network lacking ribosomes lipid / cholesterol synthesis GOLGI Membrane stacks looking like “Stack of Pancakes”; cisternae posttranslational modification transport and packaging of proteins in vesicles = endocytosis / exocytosis LYSOSOMES Membranous sac of digestive enzymes degradation of worn cell parts (“autolysis) and foreign particles PEROXISOMES Membranous sacs filled with catalase enzymes (catalase) detoxification of harmful substances(i.e.ethanol,drugs) MITOCHONDRIA “ Powerhouse” kidney shaped; inner membrane is folded into “cristae”; cellular respiration ; uses O 2 , releases CO 2 ; makes 38 ATP = energy CYTOSKELETON protein filaments=microtubules intracellular transport along the protein filaments

14. Figure 3.12

17. Figure 3.13b

20. Other Cell Components Figure 3.3 – Hypothetical Composite Cell

21. Other Cell Components Figure 3.3 Figure 3.3 – Hypothetical Composite Cell

22. CELL COMPONENTS that modify cell surface Or are specialized during mitosis DESCRIPTION/STRUCTURE FUNCTION(S) FLAGELLA long, tail-like extension; sperm locomotion CILIA short, eyelash-like extensions; respiratory tract & fallopian tube to push substances through passageways MICROVILLI microscopic folds of cell membrane increase surface area CENTRIOLES paired cylinders of microtubules at right angles near nuclear poles; they function during cell division; synthesis and resorption of protein filaments called microtubules aid in chromosome movement during mitosis

23. Figure 3.16 – cilia move mucus or eggs in tubes

31. Figure 3.24

34. Figure 3.26a

35. Figure 3.26b

36. Figure 3.26c

48. Figure 3.37

58. Figure 3.42