The document discusses several approaches to decision making in value issues and ethical dilemmas: 1) Utilitarianism focuses on maximizing happiness and pleasure for all affected parties by evaluating the consequences of different options. 2) Deontology or duty-based ethics, exemplified by Kant, focuses on adhering to universal moral rules and duties rather than consequences. 3) Virtue ethics examines what decision or action an ethical person of good character would take based on their virtues and moral traits. 4) Divine command ethics derives ethics from following rules set forth by a divine authority figure like God or scripture. The document analyzes the applications and criticisms of each approach.

1. Chapter Two Decision Making in Value Issues

12. Duty-Oriented Reasoning Copyright ©2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Describe problem List Solutions Compare Solutions with Principles Possible findings One Compliant Alternative Several Compliant Alternatives Compliant/Conflicting Principles Correct Answer Select Among Choices Rank Principles Select Choice Work case study: Duty-Oriented Reasoning