2. -A potentially fatal disease infecting the spleen, liver, and bone marrow
-The second most deadly parasite behind Malaria
-An epidemic infecting approximately 500,000 people each year
-Often accompanies AIDS and malaria
-Side effects include fatigue, high fever,
weight loss, anemia, and inflammation
of infected organs
-treatment includes daily vaccinations
continuous for one month
-An urgent concern for the World Health A microscopic image of Kala-Azar
Organization, and most recently for the
people of Sudan

3. Disturbing examples of side effects and symptoms of Kala-Azar

4. -A recent outbreak of Kala-Azar has manifested itself in Southern Sudan
-Over 6,300 cases of the disease have appeared in the region this year, more
than ten times higher than last year and the year before that
-In this year alone there have been more than 300 fatalities in Sudan due to
contraction of Kala-Azar
-The disease is known to spread rapidly throughout impoverished
communities whose citizens are malnourished
-Sudan has the potential to spread the disease rapidly inside its own
borders, as well as outside them.
-The World Health Organization urges immediate action before the virus
becomes uncontrollable

5. Patients suffering from Kala-Azar disease Patients awaiting treatment at a
rest outside Malakal Hospital, Upper Nile temporary hospital service in Sudan being
State, in Southern Sudan coordinate by Doctors Without Borders

6. On October 8th 2010, the
World Health Organization
stated in an official report
that approximately $700,000
was needed to fund the
effort to eradicate the virus
in Sudan.

7. Map of Southern Sudan showing the 2 foci of visceral leishmaniasis.
Shaded areas represent regions where primary cases were reported. Inset
shows location of Sudan in Africa. Shaded areas would be prime locations
for establishment of medical facilities (Adapted from World Health
Organization).

8. Amount of Funds
(Minimum) Purpose Provided by
Training in specific procedures of medical International Development Agency, International Red
US $70,000 personnel Cross, Doctors Without Borders
Additional research of controlling Kala-Azar in International Development Agency, WHO-sponsored
US $20,000 Sudan research facilities
Planning of specific implementation process by
US $10,000 WHO International Development Agency
Hosting, conducting, and generating conferences
US $75,000 with Sudan's government International Development Agency
Acquiring of nutritional aid and medical International Development Agency, International Red
US $110,000 equipment Cross, Doctors Without Borders
Obtaining of materials necessary to construct International Development Agency, International Red
US $90,000 temporatry health facilities Cross, Doctors Without Borders
Sustainment of facilities for approximately 9
US $95,000 months International Development Agency
International Development Agency, International Red
US $100,000 Sustainment of personnel operating in facilities Cross, Doctors Without Borders
International Peacekeeping Forces protecting
US $85,000 facilities International Development Agency
Transportation of personnel, peacekkepers, WHO International Development Agency, International Red
US $35,000 representatives Cross, Doctors Without Borders
Separate emergency allocation in case of fund
US $10,000 shortage for particular purpose International Development Agency
Total: US $700,000

9. Commencement of medical training and research Nov./Dec. 2010
preparations.
Negotiations initiated with Sudan’s government December 2010
Completion of training and research February 2011
Completion of legal negotiations Summer 2011
Establishment of temporary medical facilities August 2011
Sustained WHO presence in area Aug 2011 - May 2012
Gradual removal of WHO presence, an estimated September 2012
completion of project

10. -Training/acquiring of medical personnel
-Research for specific implementation precautions
-Establishment of temporary health facilities in Sudan
-Conferences with The Red Cross and Doctors Without Borders
-Negotiations with Sudan’s government over legal concerns
-Supplying of nutritional aid for victims
-Providing medical equipment and transportation
-Protection of WHO operations in Sudan
-Sustainment of personnel and facilities

11. -Reduce an additional danger threatening the people of Sudan
-Fight impoverished living conditions for citizens in the region
-Prevent the disease from spreading to other nations
-Replace death and misery with revival and hope
-Provide nutritional and medical aid to people in need
-Save civilians from being destroyed from the inside and out by the virus
-Restore a healthier environment for the people of Sudan