Plagas que amenazan a las palmas en Puerto Rico – Dr. José C. Rodrigues Casa abierta EEA - Río Piedras 30 de abril de 2010

1. Plagas que amenazan a las palmas en Puerto rico Jose Carlos V. Rodrigues [email_address] Casa Abierta UPR EEA CID Rio Piedras 2:10-2:50PM April 30’2010

3. The generalist Needed: a New generation of problem solvers John W. MCarthur Jeffrey Sachs The Chronicle Jun/2009

4. The Big Fish Eat the Small Ones by Peter Brueghel the Elder ( 1556 ).

5. Adult coconut palm showing “drought syndrome” Humacao/PR Example 1. Raoiella indica - red palm mite

6. Coconut palm

7. Coconut damage by Raoiella

10. Example 1. Raoiella indica - red palm mite

11. Feeding behavior ----->>>> Stomatal conductance Example 1. Raoiella indica - red palm mite

12. Stomatal conductance Mite - feeding behavior 21 days after infestation 1 mite/ cm2 Mite’s stylets Guard cells stomata mmol/cm2.s

13. Does the reduction on conductance associated with RPM feeding damage is affecting plant grown? 3 months after treatment Example 1. Raoiella indica - red palm mite

14. “ Coconut palm” Example 1. Raoiella indica - red palm mite

15. Red palm mite damage - Luquillo and Dorado/PR Example 1. Raoiella indica - red palm mite

16. Pruning

17. Coconut and banana

18. Damage in plantain by Raoiella

19. Red palm mite damage in banana Loiza/PR Example 1. Raoiella indica - red palm mite

20. Number of Raoiella indica mites on the second youngest expanded leaf of different Musa spp. hybrids. Data are averaged for ten replicates. Significance p<0.05. T3 = 3months post infestation

21. Status of Raoiella - Caribbean 2007 Florida (Nov) (Oct) 2009 Brazil (Roraima) 2007 2008 (May)

22. October 2006 - First detection in Puerto Rico and Culebra January 2008 (Source Aphis)

23. Photographer of bison hides; JR Douglass; 1874 Prey- predator relationships

24. Prey-predator relationships A - Amblyseius largoensis (Muma), B - Mitochondrial DNA COI fragment, ( C ) Raoiella indica DNA sequence __ 400pb A B C

25. Raoiella indica vs. Amblyseius largoensis Sampling Unit 10 leaflets/plant ETOH 80% FAO

26. Total number of arthropods collected 07/08 Average of 10 leaflets/plant Raoiella indica Amblyseius largoensis Thrips Others N 20 km

27. Credits: USDA/ARS

28. Chemical composition of mite’s drops NMR GC-MS

29. Example 2. Palms’ dieback

30. Example 2. Palms’ dieback

31. Example 2. Palms’ dieback

32. Example 2. Palms’ dieback

33. Example 2. Palms’ dieback Lethal Yellowing symptoms PCR and Nested PCR detection 1.4Kb

34. Example 2. Palms’ dieback

35. Real Palm

36. Example 2. Palms’ dieback

37. Example 2. Palms’ dieback Insects PCR and Nested PCR detection

39. New Quarantine and Invasive Species Center for Excellence Jardin Botánico Sur, Río Piedras Agricultural Experiment Station Welcome / Bienvenidos Jose Carlos V. Rodrigues [email_address]

40. Birds at Real Palm

42. 2011 APS-CD & ESA-SEB join meeting March 19-22 San Juan, PR