An introduction to the 4th generation of mobile phone mobile communications standard and comparison with previous standards. Prepared for Computer Network & Database Administration course. Presented at Multimedia University, Malaysia by Ali Mohammad Hossein Zadeh, 2011.

1. 4G Technology
Ali Mohammad Hossein Zadeh (1101600641)
FCM – April 2011

2. 2
Overview
1. 0G 12. Clear 4G?
2. 1G 13. P1 4G?
3. Cellular Telephone 14. What we have now?
System 15. 4G candidates
4. 2G 16. 4G in Malaysia
5. TMDA and CMDA 17. Key Technologies for 4G
18. OFDMA
6. 2G Evolution
19. MIMO
7. 3G
20. How WIMAX is better
9. 4G Requirements by 21. How LTE is better
ITU
22. References
10. 3G vs. 4G
11. 4G discontinued
candidate systems

3. 3
0G or Mobile Radio Telephone
Predecessors of cellular telephones
Based on radio frequencies
Transmitter-Receiver (transceiver) with Antenna
Technologies: PTT, MTS, IMTS, AMTS
Mounted in Cars, Trains, Ships
Different power based on platform

4. 4
1G
Cellular Telephone System
Analog, Voice Only, Digital signaling
First lunched in Japan by NTT, 1979
Voice modulated to higher frequency
150 MHz and up
1st international roaming
Different technologies in different
countries: NMT, Hicap, Mobitex, DataTAC

5. 5
Cellular Telephone System
Mobile
Telephone Base Transceiver
Public Switching Office Station
Switched
Telephone
Network

6. 6
2G
1st lunched in Finland by Radiolinja, 1991
Conversations encrypted digitally, SMS,
E-Mail
Digital Signals > Compressing > Increase
system capacity
Less radio Power > Smaller Devices
Technologies: Time division multiple
access (TDMA), Code division multiple
access (CDMA)

7. 7
TDMA and CDMA
TDMA
CDMA

8. 8
2G Evolution
2.5G
– General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
• Standardized by ETSI
• Data rates from 56 kbit/s up to 115 kbit/s
• Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
• Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)
• Internet communication services
• Sending SMS faster

9. 9
2G Evolution
2.75G
– Enhanced Data rates for GSM
Evolution (EDGE)
• Standardized by 3GPP
• higher-order PSK/8 phase shift keying
• Incremental Redundancy
• Data rates up to 236.8 kbit/s
– Evolved EDGE
• Bit rates are increased up to 1 MBit/s peak
bandwidth
• Latencies down to 80
• Signal quality is improved

10. 10
3G
1st lunched in Japan by NTT, 2001
Data rate of 2 Mbit/s for stationary users
and 384 kbit/s in a moving vehicle
Security
Wide-area wireless voice telephone
Video calls
Mobile TV

11. 11
3G vs. 4G

12. 12
4G Requirements by ITU
100 Mbit/s moving users and
1 Gbit/s stationary users
IP packet-switched network
More users per cell
Smooth handovers across heterogeneous
networks
Offer high quality of service for next
generation multimedia

13. 13
Clear 4G?

14. 14
P1 4G?

15. 15
What we have now?
LTE
– Long Term Evolution
– A project by the 3rd Generation Partnership
Project (3GPP)
WiMax
– Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access
– A project by the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

16. 16
4G discontinued candidate systems
3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)
Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e)
UMB (formerly EV-DO Rev. C)
Flash-OFDM
iBurst and MBWA (IEEE 802.20)

17. 17
4G Candidates
In 2009 these technologies submitted to ITU as 4G
candidates:
LTE Advanced
– Not a new technology
– Will be ready in 2012
– Standardized by 3GPP
IEEE 802.16m or WirelessMAN-Advanced
– Under development
– Standardized by IEEE

18. 18
Key Technologies for 4G
Orthogonal frequency-division multiple
access (OFDMA)
multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO)
Both are use in LTE Advanced and
WirelessMAN-Advanced

19. 19
OFDMA
OFDMA can also be described as a
combination of frequency domain and time
domain multiple access, where the
resources are partitioned in the time-
frequency space, and slots are assigned
along the OFDM symbol index as well as
OFDM sub-carrier index.

20. 20
MIMO
The technology where there are multiple antennas at
the base station and multiple antennas at the mobile
device.
Multiple antennas at both the base station and terminal
can significantly increase data rates with sufficient
multipath

21. 21
4G in Malaysia
19th November,2010, Yes4G WiMAX
luched by YTLC
– 5X faster then 3G (note 3g is only 384kbps)
5th of April,2011, P1 , world’s first WIMAX-
Long Term Evolution Time Division Duplex
(LTE TDD)
– On the peak downlink throughput in a cell, the
demo reached an impressive 130Mbps on a
20MHz band.

22. 22
How WIMAX is better

23. 23
How LTE is better

24. 24
Summary
Generation Definition Speed Real Speed Technology
1 Analog - - AMPS,NMT,...
2 Digital 9.6–14.4 kbps - TDMA-
(Narrow CDMA- GSM
Band Circuit
Data)
2.5 Packet Data 171 kbps 20-40 kbps GPRS
3 Digital 3.1 Mbps 500-700 CDMA2000-
Broadband kbps EDGE-UMTS
Packet Data
3.5 3.6 Mbps 1-3 Mbps HSPA
4 Digital 100-300 Mbps 3-5 Mbps LTE
Broadband Advanced-
Packet Data WiMaxMan
All IP Advanced

25. 25
References
Nishat Kabir, Rhituparna Paul, Tahnia Farheen (2008). 4G Mobile
Architecture. Retrieved from
http://salmandk.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/5/2/1952819/ug_thesis_on
_4g_mobile_architechture.pdf
Allen H. Kupetz, K. Terrell Brown (2003). 4G - A Look Into the
Future of Wireless Communications. Rollins Business Journal.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_radio_telephone
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1G
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ESxAajD_nM0&feature=related
http://www.lteportal.com/
http://www.mybroadbandnews.com/
http://www.gsmworld.com/

26. Спасибо
Thank You ありがとう
‫تشکر‬
Dank
Grazie
‫شکرا‬
Terima kasih
고마워 谢谢
धन्यवाद
Gracias ขอขอบคุณ