1. City in Crisis

3. 38 councils 38 ideas about the environment

4. Promotes inequalities

5. Dependence on depleting fossil fuels

7. Irreversible loss of fragile ecosystems

8. Inefficient and underdeveloped technologies creating pollution

9. Limited desirable real estate

10. Maintenance and capability of existing water systems

11. Increased need Limited access to health care

12. Oil Reliance

13. Broad scale farming will not be sustainable: Reliance on imports

14. Build up of waste

15. Solution

16. Decentralised hubs

17. 20 min cities 20 min. City Links

18. Pretty montage Future Hub City

19. Implementation Timeline

20. Built form 20 min diagram Scale: Sydney basin Built form High Density Medium Density Low Density Retrofit existing buildings New Structures max. 10 storeys 6 star rating 3-6 storeys residential Lower level retail and services 184 dwellings per hectare 1-2 storeys Semi residencies 34.5 dwellings per hectare House a greater number of people on a smaller area of land

22. Scale: Sydney basin Biodiversity National Parks Inner City Green Space Agricultural Existing national parks encouraging expansion of natural ecosystems Multi purpose recreational Green corridors Food production Protection of ecosystems Encourage native fauna

24. Layer 2 Scale: Sydney basin Food Street and Community Planting Grazing Land Agricultural Use of eatable street trees and plantings Backyard Agriculture Low impact grazing techniques Small plot poly-culture farming Local food sourced from green corridors

26. Scale: Sydney basin Governance Council Hubs Green Council NPWS Larger areas governed by one dynamic council Separate entity influenced by Sydney water, State energy, Agricultural council and NPWS More uniform system of government

27. Transport layers Scale: Sydney basin Transport Tram Lines Express Train Lines Major Roads Electric trams making use of existing roads Connecting within hubs Making use of existing train lines Limited stops to decrease travel time between hubs Connecting agricultural land and hubs Decrease need for personal vehicles

29. Layer 3 Scale: Sydney basin Energy Power Lines Renewable Energy Substations Underground HVDC (high voltage direct current) power lines more efficient Supportive grid system On and off shore wind farms 1400 5MW wind turbines 3 liquid salt solar harvesters 1 solar harvester would power 90% of Sydney current power use Boost and store energy End dependence of fossil fuels Clean, Renewable

30. Scale: Sydney basin Economy International Economy Local Economy Agricultural Economy International to include tourism Sydney trade by local retailers, tradesman, hospitality Food sales to hubs Less reliant on foreign economy Lower transportation costs

31. Water layers Scale: Sydney basin Water Existing and Constructed Hydrology Services and Treatment Plants Bio-swales Constructed wetland and dam systems cleaning water to re-use for grey water and agriculture Services to link hubs Primary treatment plants Catching and treating run off Capture, cleanse and rerelease water on a local scale

32. Layer 3 Scale: Parramatta Education Primary and Secondary Education and Trade Schools Major Tertiary Average of 1000 students per school 25 per class TAFE training facilities Each major university with secondary campuses connected via internet Equality Accessibility

34. Scale: Parramatta Pollution Heat Pollution Noise Pollution Green Space Urban heat islands By transport system Integrated through hubs moderating noise and heat pollution Encourage a more environmental lifestyle

35. Scale: Parramatta Health Major Hospital and Polyclinics Tram Lines Green Space Major hospital with 650-750 beds supported by 260 polyclinics servicing 3000-5000 people per clinic Tram network supporting clinics and improving accessibility Green space to grow natural medicines for use in hospitals and clinics Access to local healthcare for a larger population

37. Scale: Parramatta Waste Express Trains Tram Network Transfer Stations and Green Recycling Trains moving recyclable materials from hubs at night Trams moving local hub material to transfer stations Transfer stations sorting materials and distributing to recycling centres Green waste to be composted on a local scale in medium and low density areas. Green waste From high density areas to be composted and used on agricultural land Waste as a commodity

39. 20 min. City