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The Road to Independence CLOSE THE GAPS
Name:___________________________ Pd:______ Date:________________
WHO PAID FOR THE FRENCH & INDIAN WAR?
Proclamation of 1763 Pontiac Appalachian
ignored war debt Quartering Act
frontier Sugar Act Redcoats
assemblies Thomas Gage
In 1763, in response to _______________________'s Rebellion and to stop war with
Native Americans, King George III forbade colonists settling WEST of the
_____________________________________ Mountains. This is known as the
______________________ ___ ______. Ten thousand (10,000) British
________________ enforced the Proclamation. The colonists were angered and
____________________ the order like teenagers when told to clean their bedrooms.
Therefore, General _____________ ______________was put in charge of the concentration
of soldiers in NY to rush to "hot spots" (areas of trouble) along the _________________.
A couple years later in 1765, the British redcoats required housing. As a result, the
____________________ ________ of 1765 required colonists to quarter troops. This
means to provide housing and supplies for the British soldiers.
Britain begins to tighten control over the 13 colonies. Despite getting a "W" in the
French and Indian War, the British piggy bank (treasury) was empty. King George III and
Parliament believed the colonists should pay for the war since the British redcoats protected
them. Therefore, a series of unpopular taxes were imposed for 2 major reasons: to pay the
___________ ____________ and to pay for the soldiers on the frontier.
The _______________ ____________ of 1764 put a three-cent tax on foreign sugar,
molasses, and increased taxes on coffee, indigo, and certain kinds of wine. It banned
importation of rum and French wines. The British actually lowered the price of sugar to
decrease smuggled goods (illegal goods). This is the first time Britain taxes all 13 colonies
to raise money directly for the crown. The colonists are dismayed and angered. Britain had
left them alone for years (this is Known as salutary neglect) and their own political
________________/legislatures already taxed them.
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How did the colonists resist injustice?
petition Colonial assemblies Boycott
Stamp Act Congress tarred & feathered Redcoats
Adams protests Stamp Act
No taxation without representation Funeral of the Stamp Act
Sons & Daughters of Liberty Declaratory Act
In 1765, the ______________ ______________ was the first British tax on goods
that the colonists made for themselves. This tax on newspapers, legal documents (i.e.,
deeds), diplomas, and even playing cards resulted in colonial resistance. The colonists did
not send representatives to the British Parliament, therefore, their rally cry was "____
___________________ _________________ _____________________." That same year,
Colonial representatives met at the in New York to tell Parliament that they were not the
boss of them. They drew up a ______________ protesting the Stamp Act, declared that the
right to tax belonged solely to the _________________ _________________. This
meeting is called the _________________ ____________ ____________ This act unified
the colonies and they also refused to buy British goods. The refusal to buy goods is called a
___________________. Additionally, secret societies known as the ______________ ____
______________ ____ _______________ led by Sam _____________staged
___________________, burned stamped paper and _______________ ______
_____________ customs officials. Customs officials collect taxes. Tarring and feathering
often led to extreme pain, infection, and death. Most Sons of Liberty were lawyers,
merchants, & artisans (the people most affected by the Stamp Act.). In 1766, Parliament
responded to colonial resistance by cancelling the Stamp Act. This became known as the
"________________ ______ _________ _________________ ________________."
However, Parliament made sure to tell the colonists that they were still the boss of them by
passing the _________________________ _______ which declared Parliament's right to rule
and tax the colonists in "all cases whatsoever."
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What Was the Boston Massacre?
tea repealed
Townshend Acts acquitted casualty
Redcoats branded Boston Massacre
Writs of Assistance John Adams Crispus Attucks
Since 1760, Redcoats used search warrants checking for smuggled goods called
___________ ____ _________________. These writs gave unlimited search rights to
British officers. Colonials believed that unlimited searches violated their natural rights. In
1767, the _______________ _______________taxed glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea.
This tax had to be paid in gold or silver to pay the salaries of royal officials working in the
colonies. The colonists were enraged because now they had no way to punish bad officials.
In 1770, Parliament _______________________ the Townshend Acts & ended all taxes
except on imported ___________.
There are 2 sides to every story and in some cases multiple POVs. The
____________________ ____________________ is one such event.
__________________ often worked side jobs for less money than the colonists because they
did not make much money as a soldier. As a result, the Sons of Liberty led riots and protests
against the redcoats. On March 5, 1770 at the Customs House in Boston, a gang of youths &
dockworkers threw snowballs, ice, sticks, and stones at redcoats, taunting them yelling,
"lobsters" and "lobsterbacks." Inadvertently, one soldier fired. In the end, 5 men died
including ______________ __________________. Attucks was a runaway slave and the 1st
________________ of the American Revolution. The soldiers were arrested for murder and
defended by the Patriot, _______________ _______________, the 2nd President of the USA,
and Josiah Quincy. Adams believed that everyone deserved an honest defense. Seven
redcoats were _________________(found not guilty) and 2 were found guilty of
manslaughter and had the thumb on their right hand _____________________. That is why
we have to raise our right hand in a courtroom.
who partied like it was 1773?
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monopoly tyranny tar and feather
Tea Act coerce King George
Intolerable Intolerable Acts Daughters of Liberty
The 13 colonies protested the British tax on tea through boycotts. As a result,
in 1773, the British East India Company had a surplus of tea that they needed to sell or 18
million dollars worth of tea would be wasted! British Prime Minister Lord Frederick North and
Parliament passed a new law. The __________ _________ of 1773, allowed the British East
India Company to be the only company that sold tea in the Colonies. Their tea was less
expensive than smuggled tea even with the tax. The Tea Act gave the British East India
Company a _____________________ on the tea trade. The jobs of colonial shippers and
merchants were threatened because the British East India Company would ship and sell the
tea themselves, thus cutting out the middle-man. Rebellion is brewing and the Sons of
Liberty threaten and ______ ______ ___________ East India Agents.
On December 16, 1763, about 7,000 colonists meet in Boston. Sam Adams, leader of
the Sons of Liberty, rallied the crowd, "Tea stands for ______________." The
_____________ ___ ___________________ make Mohawk costumes for the Sons of
Liberty's evening excursion to Griffen's Wharf. They party like it's 1773 and cry, "Rally
Mohawks! Bring out your axes! Tell __________ ___________ we'll pay no taxes!" as they
dump 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor.
King George III believes the colonists are children that need to be punished. Boston
Harbor is closed until the tea is paid for! The Massachusetts representative government is
restricted and General Thomas Gage is appointed governor of Massachusetts! Additionally,
British commanders could house troops wherever necessary and British officials would stand
trial in Britain rather than the colonies. This became known as the ___________________
________ also known as the Coercive Acts. _______________ means unbearable. To
___________ someone means to force.
Who Wins Lexington and Concord?
Patrick Henry Georgia John Locke
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minutemen militia redcoats
First Continental Congress Paul Revere retreat
ban Lexington "shot heard round the
world"
In 1774, representatives from every colony except _____________________ met in
Philadelphia at the _____________ _______________________ ___________________.
The Congress decides to _________British goods and to begin training soldiers. John
Hancock was in charge of the Committee of Safety and had the power to call out the
______________________ in Massachusetts. A militia is an army of ordinary citizens.
In 1775, ___________________ _________________ risked his life to defend the
natural rights of man in his famous speech to the Virginia House of Burgesses, "Give Me
Liberty or Give Me Death!" We should not forget who inspired our founding fathers and
mothers! During the Enlightenment, _____________ ______________ declared that all
men are born with natural rights. Locke is quoted in Common Sense by Thomas Paine and
the Declaration of Independence by Jefferson.
To ensure public safety in Boston, Sam Adams' spy network watched British activities.
General Thomas Gage learned from his spies that __________________, citizen soldiers
ready at a minutes notice, stored guns in Concord, MA. Gage ordered his men to destroy the
supplies and arrest Hancock and Sam Adams. In April 1775, Patriot leader ______________
______________ discovers that British soldiers will soon attack & capture Hancock and
Adams in Lexington. On the night of April 18, 1775, Patriots use two lanterns in the Old
North Church to warn others that the Redcoats were coming by sea (Boston Harbor). Revere
begins his ride at 11 pm yelling, "The ____________ are coming!" William Dawes and Dr.
Samuel Prescott joined Revere but Revere was captured. He was released but his horse was
seized. The midnight ride of Paul Revere warns the minutemen and they are ready for the
Redcoats on April 19, 1775. At Lexington, 700 Redcoats ordered 70 minutemen to drop their
muskets and within minutes 8 colonists lay dead. 700 Redcoats against 70 Minutemen?
Seems like Target Practice to me…
The British continued the march to Concord, destroyed the military supplies, and a
battle broke out at North Bridge. Four thousand MINUTEMEN LINED THE ROAD FROM
LEXINGTON TO CONCORD and peppered the Redcoats with musket fire which resulted in the
British __________ to Boston. A British soldier wrote, “It seemed as if men came down from
the clouds." Lexington and Concord is the FIRST BATTLE of the American Revolution. It is
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also know as the "________ ____________ ___________ _______ __________________" -
Ralph Waldo Emerson.
Why do THEY wait to fire till they see the whites of their Eyes?
Washington Philadelphia Continental Army
Continental Congress Battle of Bunker Hill peace slavery
Don't Fire Till You See the Whites of Their Eyes artillery
London Olive Branch Petition Thomas Paine
Common Sense independence Thomas Jefferson
In May of 1775, The Second _______________ _____________ meets again in
_________________. Some of the reps include: JOHN ADAMS, SAM ADAMS, JOHN
HANCOCK, BEN FRANKLIN, GEORGE WASHINGTON, and PATRICK HENRY. The Congress
agreed to form a _________________ _______________ and ___________________
was selected as its commanding general. In June of 1775, the Patriots moved to occupy the
peninsula near Boston and turned it into an armed camp. At the __________________ ____
__________________ __________________ the Patriots had to conserve their gun-powder.
Therefore, COL. WILLIAM PRESCOTT’S ORDERED, "_______ _________ _________
________ _______ ______ _________ ____ _________ _________!" British General
William Howe formed assault lines with 2200 men and after 2 attempts retook Bunker and
Breed's Hill because the Patriots ran out of gun-powder.
In July of 1775, the Continental Congress made one last effort for __________ & sent
a letter to _______________ requesting King George III to stop the war. This letter is
known as the ___________ _____________ ______________ . He refused. Consequently,
in January 1776, Washington moved his army to Dorchester Heights and bombarded Boston
with artillery until the British fled.
In January of 1776, the Patriot and gifted writer, ______________ ______________,
wrote a persuasive pamphlet encouraging the 13 Colonies to declare ___________________.
His pamphlet was titled, ______________ ______________. Soon afterward
_____________________ ________________________ wrote, "all men are created equal
and they are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights that among these are
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." Unfortunately, the passage condemning
______________ was cut from the final document.
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