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DENIMIST	
  2011	
                              DNMSTDENIMDESINGFASHIONARTLIFE	
  




                                   DB
                                   DENIM BOOK


                 D     E   N   I           M      I        S           T
DB
                                                                                             DENIM B O O K




                                          DENIMIST
                                                          T U R K E Y	
  




Since	
   decades	
   Denimist	
   has	
   developed	
   know-­‐how	
   in	
   denim	
   finishing	
   prior	
   to	
  
garment	
   manufacturing	
   and	
   also	
   in	
   jeans	
   washing.	
   Our	
   customers	
   derive	
  
benefit	
   from	
   this	
   experience.For	
   the	
   fabric	
   production	
   we	
   offer	
   finishing	
  
chemicals	
   which	
   provide	
   the	
   demanded	
   fabric	
   properties	
   such	
   as	
   good	
  
sewability,	
   stiffness,elasticity	
   and	
   handle.	
   The	
   other	
   field	
   of	
   our	
   activity	
   is	
   the	
  
recommendation	
   of	
   laundring	
   Procedures	
   for	
   ready-­‐made	
   clothing	
   such	
   as	
  
trousers,	
  jackets	
  or	
  skirts,	
  shirts.	
  

In	
   doing	
   so	
   we	
   have	
   learned	
   that	
   many	
   errors	
   may	
   occur	
   in	
   this	
   complicated	
  
production	
   process.	
  The	
   laundry,	
   the	
   last	
   step	
   in	
   the	
   sequence	
   of	
  	
   producers,	
   is	
  
faced	
   to	
   difficulties	
   which	
   are	
   caused	
   by	
   previous	
   inaccuracies.	
   Therefore,	
   a	
  
good	
   cooperation	
   among	
   the	
   steps	
   of	
   jeans	
   manufacturing	
   is	
   required	
   to	
   avoid	
  
problems.	
  Fabric	
  producer,	
  garment	
  manufacturer	
  and	
  laundries	
  have	
  to	
  work	
  
together	
   to	
   obtain	
   the	
   desired	
   end	
   result.	
   By	
   means	
   of	
   our	
   contacts	
   on	
   both	
  
sides	
  of	
  the	
  production	
  process	
  we	
  are	
  able	
  to	
  make	
  our	
  contribution.	
  

The	
   technical	
   stuff	
   of	
   Denimist	
   	
   is	
   always	
   ready	
   to	
   help	
   our	
   customers	
   with	
  
eventual	
   problems	
   and	
   to	
   modify	
   production	
   procedures	
   according	
   to	
   the	
  
respective	
   requirements.	
  Through	
   our	
   numerous	
   contacts	
   which	
   we	
   have	
   got	
  
with	
  denim	
  producers,	
  garment	
  manufacturers	
  and	
  laundries	
  during	
  the	
  years	
  
we	
  support	
  the	
  team	
  work	
  among	
  all	
  sections	
  of	
  the	
  jeans	
  chain	
  and	
  make	
  our	
  
know-­‐how	
  	
  available	
  to	
  all	
  of	
  the	
  parties	
  concerned	
  	
  
DBDENIM B O O K




    RESIN	
  FINISHING	
  

    Resin	
  processes	
  have	
  become	
  more	
  popular	
  recently.	
  The	
  biggest	
  disadvantage                              	
  
    of	
   the	
   resin	
   processing	
   is	
   the	
   strength	
   loss	
   of	
   the	
   fabric.	
   There	
   are	
   3	
   main	
  
    reasons	
  for	
  this	
  strength	
  loss.	
  	
  

	
  	
  	
  	
  The	
  binds	
  which	
  are	
  formed	
  by	
  resin	
  break	
  the	
  binds	
  which	
  are	
  already	
  formed	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  on	
  	
  the	
  fabric	
  and	
  giving	
  the	
  strength	
  of	
  the	
  fabric.	
  	
  

	
  	
  	
  	
  The	
  damage	
  of	
  cellulose	
  fibers	
  by	
  resin	
  which	
  has	
  a	
  very	
  low	
  pH	
  

	
  	
  	
  	
  As	
  the	
  fabrics	
  treated	
  with	
  resin	
  have	
  a	
  stiff	
  handle	
  and	
  low	
  Slippin	
  gover	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  properties	
  the	
  tear	
  	
  strength	
  of	
  the	
  fabric	
  falls	
  down.	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
DBDENIM B O O K




	
   	
   After	
   the	
   resin	
   process	
   around	
   15-­‐40%	
   tear	
   strength	
   loss	
   is	
   observed	
   on	
   the  	
  
          fabric.For	
   this	
   reason	
   some	
   standards	
   are	
   required.	
   E.g.	
   for	
   trousers	
   min	
   750	
   N	
  
          strength	
  for	
  warp	
  wise	
  and	
  600	
  N	
  strength	
  for	
  weft	
  wise	
  are	
  required.	
  	
  

    Resin	
   Processes	
   can	
   be	
   done	
   either	
   on	
   the	
   washed	
   fabric	
   or	
   on	
   the	
   greige       	
  
    fabric.If	
   it	
   is	
   to	
   be	
   done	
   on	
   the	
   greige	
   fabric,a	
   deairating	
   wetting	
   agent	
   like	
  
    Deniwet	
  SI	
  must	
  be	
  used	
  due	
  to	
  the	
  hydophility	
  problems.	
  	
  

	
  	
  	
  	
  Denires	
  CUBE	
  	
  has	
  been	
  being	
  used	
  not	
  just	
  only	
  for	
  crinkles	
  and	
  whiskers	
  but	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  also	
  hand-­‐sanding	
  effect	
  as	
  the	
  hand	
  sanding	
  effects	
  of	
  the	
  fabric	
  will	
  be	
  brighter	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  than	
  those	
  which	
  are	
  not	
  treated	
  with	
  	
  

	
  	
  	
  	
  Denires	
  CUBE.(	
  Especially	
  if	
  	
  Denires	
  	
  U-­‐	
  TEAR	
  	
  	
  Denicoat	
  DERM	
  ,	
  Denires	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  TRITON	
  	
  )	
  Denires	
  CUBE	
  	
  treated	
  fabric	
  will	
  have	
  a	
  good	
  hand-­‐sanding	
  effect	
  as	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  well	
  as	
  a	
  	
  good	
  sand	
  	
  blasting	
  effect.	
  

	
  	
  	
  	
  The	
  most	
  crucial	
  thing	
  for	
  the	
  resin	
  treated	
  	
  fabrics	
  is	
  the	
  strength	
  loss	
  	
  if	
  	
  they	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  will	
  	
  be	
  applied	
  	
  handsanding	
  or	
  sand	
  blasting.	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  Like	
  resins,hand	
  sanding	
  and	
  sand	
  blasting	
  also	
  causes	
  strength	
  loss.For	
  this	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  reason,on	
  the	
  fabrics	
  which	
  will	
  be	
  done	
  handsanding	
  or	
  	
  sand	
  blasting,along	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  with	
  Denires	
  CUBE	
  ,	
  Denires	
  U-­‐TEAR	
  ,	
  Denicoat	
  DERM	
  	
  also	
  	
  advised	
  to	
  be	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  used.	
  
DBDENIM B O O K


   RESIN	
  PROCESSES	
  FOR	
  INDIGO	
  DYED	
  GARMENTS	
  

  	
  	
  It	
  is	
  one	
  of	
  the	
  most	
  dangerous	
  process	
  in	
  a	
  washing	
  plant.Resin	
  processes	
  are	
  	
  	
  	
  
  	
  	
  applied	
  to	
  a	
  garment	
  for	
  different	
  processes.These	
  are	
  ;	
  

	
  	
  	
  	
  Permanent	
  3-­‐D	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  Grey	
  cast	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  Unwashed	
  appereance	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  Different	
  handles.	
  	
  

  	
  After	
  the	
  application	
  of	
  resin,the	
  temperature	
  is	
  increased	
  and	
  condensation	
  is	
  	
  	
  
  	
  completed.	
  
  	
  the	
  process	
  is	
  all	
  about	
  giving	
  a	
  new	
  form	
  to	
  a	
  garment	
  and	
  then	
  making	
  it	
  	
  	
  
  	
  permanent.	
  In	
  that	
  sense	
  this	
  is	
  a	
  permanent	
  process	
  which	
  means	
  ther	
  is	
  no	
  	
  	
  
  	
  chance	
  to	
  correct	
  the	
  faulty	
  garments.	
  

   MOST	
  COMMON	
  PROBLEMS	
  

   1.	
  	
  Strength	
  loss	
  and	
  tearing	
  	
  
   2.	
  	
  Temporary	
  3-­‐D	
  	
  
   3.	
  	
  Lighter	
  shade	
  or	
  turning	
  of	
  the	
  cast	
  into	
  blue	
  	
  
   4.	
  	
  Failure	
  of	
  formaldehyte	
  test	
  	
  
   5.	
  	
  Differences	
  in	
  production	
  	
  

   To	
  solve	
  these	
  problems,first	
  the	
  chemistry	
  of	
  the	
  process	
  must	
  be	
  understood.	
  	
  
   As	
   mentioned	
   before,the	
   aim	
   of	
   the	
   process	
   is	
   to	
   give	
   a	
   new	
   format	
   to	
   the	
   fibre	
  
   and	
   keeping	
   it	
  permanently.This	
   happens	
   at	
   150	
   °C	
   and	
   meanwhile	
   due	
   to	
   the                 	
  
   catalayst	
  the	
  pH	
  falls	
  down.	
  	
  

   Theorically	
  cellulosic	
  fiber	
  breaks	
  down	
  at	
  high	
  temperature	
  and	
  low	
  pH	
  which	
  
   is	
  not	
  required	
  practically.	
  	
  
   For	
  this	
  reason	
  the	
  conditions	
  must	
  be	
  controlled	
  as	
  much	
  as	
  possible	
  and	
  some	
  
   auxilaries	
  must	
  be	
  used.	
  
DB
                                                                                               DENIM B O O K


AUXILARIS	
  AND	
  FACTORS	
  	
  

1.	
  TEMPERATURE	
  

It	
  is	
  one	
  of	
  the	
  most	
  important	
  factors.The	
  temperature	
  must	
  be	
  	
  increased	
  upto	
  	
  
150	
  °C	
  and	
  kept	
  stable	
  till	
  the	
  reaction	
  is	
  completed.	
  The	
  important	
  thing	
  is	
  the	
  	
  
temperature	
  of	
  the	
  surface	
  of	
  the	
  fabric	
  not	
  the	
  oven	
  temperature.	
  	
  
The	
  temperature	
  of	
  the	
  oven	
  will	
  be	
  adjusted	
  according	
  to	
  the	
  	
  	
  humidity	
  of	
  the	
  	
  
fabric,the	
  in-­‐oven	
  time	
  and	
  weaving	
  of	
  the	
  fabric.If	
  	
  it	
  is	
  higher	
  than	
  160	
  °C	
  then	
  	
  
the	
  strength	
  loss	
  will	
  be	
  more	
  and	
  if	
  the	
  	
  	
  temperature	
  is	
  less	
  than	
  150	
  °C,then	
  	
  
permanency	
  problem	
  will	
  	
  come	
  up.	
  	
  

2.	
  FABRIC	
  TYPE	
  

The	
  strength	
  of	
  the	
  fabric	
  at	
  the	
  beginning	
  should	
  be	
  high	
  and	
  there	
  shouldn’t	
  be	
  
any	
  alkali	
  on	
  the	
  fabric	
  as	
  it	
  will	
  disturb	
  the	
  pH.	
  	
  

3.	
  OVEN	
  

To	
   avoid	
   the	
   failure	
   from	
   the	
   formaldehyte	
   and	
   differences	
   in	
   production,there	
  
should	
  be	
  enough	
  ventilation	
  inside	
  of	
  the	
  oven	
  and	
  the	
  air	
  should	
  be	
  thrown	
  out	
  
regularly.	
  	
  

4.	
  RESIN	
  TYPES	
  

Resins	
   and	
   auxilaries	
   are	
   subject	
   after	
   all	
   the	
   above	
   conditions	
   have	
   been	
  
ensured.	
  

Generally	
  2	
  types	
  of	
  resins	
  are	
  being	
  used	
  in	
  the	
  market;	
  	
  
a.	
  Catalayst	
  built-­‐in	
  resins	
  as	
  Denires	
  CUBE	
  
b.	
  Resins	
  without	
  catalayst	
  as	
  	
  Denires	
  CUBE-­‐NC	
  	
  

Practically	
  the	
  catalayst	
  gives	
  extra	
  stiffness	
  to	
  the	
  fabric	
  but	
  that	
  	
  doesn’t	
  mean	
  	
  
the	
  more	
  catalayst,the	
  better	
  permanancy	
  But	
  the	
  more	
  catalayst	
  means	
  the	
  	
  
Lower	
  pH	
  and	
  lower	
  strength.This	
  problem	
  won’t	
  be	
  faced	
  with	
  the	
  resins	
  that	
  	
  
Have	
  	
  catalayts	
  in	
  as	
  the	
  adjustment	
  of	
  the	
  amount	
  of	
  the	
  catalayst	
  is	
  done	
  	
  
properly.	
  	
  
DB
                                                                                                        DENIM B O O K


5.	
  AUXILARIES	
  

Denires	
  	
  U-­‐TEAR	
  	
  	
  	
  :	
  Decreases	
  the	
  strength	
  loss.Mixture	
  of	
  acrilates	
  and	
  gives	
  	
  
grey	
  cast.	
  	
  

Denires	
  	
  U-­‐HRD	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  :	
  	
  Harder	
  version	
  of	
  Denires	
  U-­‐TEAR	
  

Denıres	
  	
  	
  TRITON	
  	
  :	
  	
  Wrinkle	
  Resistant	
  Agent	
  

Denicoat	
  	
  DERM	
  	
  	
  	
  :	
  	
  Polyethilene	
  emulsions	
  are	
  very	
  useful	
  to	
  avoid	
  the	
  	
  	
  	
  
strength	
  	
  	
  loss	
  	
  and	
  to	
  increase	
  extra	
  strength	
  after	
  its	
  loss.But	
  it	
  must	
  be	
  	
  
remembered	
  	
  	
  that,if	
  it	
  is	
  used	
  	
  at	
  the	
  beginning	
  of	
  the	
  process,it	
  decreases	
  the	
  	
  
unit	
  amount	
  of	
  	
  resin	
  on	
  the	
  fabric	
  and	
  	
  effects	
  the	
  permanancy	
  of	
  the	
  3-­‐D	
  ina	
  	
  	
  	
  
negative	
  way.	
  	
  

Denires	
  	
  CUBE-­‐ML	
  	
  :	
  Special	
  chemical	
  for	
  cross-­‐linking.It	
  increases	
  the	
  unit	
  
amount	
  	
  of	
  the	
  resin	
  on	
  the	
  fabric.In	
  some	
  cases	
  they	
  ensure	
  that	
  the	
  
temperature	
  of	
  	
  the	
  	
  oven	
  drops	
  down	
  by	
  15-­‐25	
  °C	
  and	
  still	
  the	
  reaction	
  
continues.This	
  	
  is	
  helpful	
  with	
  	
  the	
  garments	
  where	
  the	
  strength	
  loss	
  is	
  inevitable.	
  	
  

Denisoft	
  	
  VIVID	
  	
  :	
  	
  Increases	
  the	
  brightness	
  of	
  the	
  fabric	
  after	
  resin	
  	
  
applications.effects	
  	
  the	
  strength	
  positively	
  and	
  as	
  it	
  is	
  a	
  reactive	
  	
  
silicone,washing	
  	
  permanancy	
  is	
  high.	
  
DB
                                              DENIM B O O K




                      Denires CUBE


     Deni                    Res                  CUBE


Product	
  Line	
      Product	
  Group	
      Resin	
  Name	
  
DB
                                                                                                             DENIM B O O K




   SPRAYING	
  	
  RESIN	
  

    150	
  	
  gr	
  	
  	
  Denires	
  CUBE	
  	
  
    	
  	
  50	
  	
  gr	
  	
  	
  Denires	
  U-­‐TEAR	
  	
  
    800	
  	
  gr	
  	
  	
  Water	
  	
  

    Drying	
  at	
  100	
  °C	
  for	
  	
  15	
  min.	
  	
  
    Curing	
  at	
  155	
  °C	
  for	
  	
  15	
  min	
  

	
  	
  	
  	
  If	
  a	
  brighter	
  look	
  is	
  required,	
  20-­‐50	
  gr/lt	
  Denisoft	
  VIVID	
  is	
  added	
  into	
  	
  the	
  solution.	
  

	
  	
  	
  	
  The	
  above	
  solution	
  is	
  made	
  1	
  liter	
  by	
  water.Then	
  it	
  is	
  applied	
  onto	
  the	
  fabric	
  by	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  spraying	
  and	
  the	
  crinkles	
  are	
  formed	
  and	
  baking	
  procedures	
  	
  start.	
  	
  
DB
                                                                                                             DENIM B O O K


DIPPING	
  RESIN	
  	
  

Denires	
  CUBE	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  :	
  	
  75	
  	
  	
  g/l	
  	
  
Denires	
  U-­‐TEAR	
  	
  :	
  	
  25	
  	
  	
  g/l	
  	
  

Drying	
  at	
  100	
  °C	
  for	
  	
  15	
  min.	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
Curing	
  at	
  155	
  °C	
  for	
  	
  15	
  min	
  

The	
  solution	
  is	
  prepared	
  according	
  to	
  the	
  above	
  ratios.The	
  trousers	
  are	
  dipped	
  
into	
  the	
  solution.	
  After	
  keeping	
  them	
  in	
  the	
  solution	
  for	
  about	
  5-­‐15	
  min,they	
  are	
  
taken	
   out	
   and	
   hung	
   on	
   the	
   hangers	
   for	
   about	
   10-­‐30	
   min.	
   to	
   ensure	
   that	
   the	
  
excessive	
   amount	
   of	
   resin	
   will	
   flow	
   down.	
  Then	
   the	
   crinkles	
   are	
   formed	
   and	
   the	
  
baking	
  is	
  done.	
  
DB
                                                                                                                  DENIM B O O K




WASHING	
  MACHINE	
  RESIN	
  

Denires	
  CUBE	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  :	
  50	
  –	
  80	
  	
  g/l	
  	
  
Denires	
  U-­‐TEAR	
  	
  :	
  25	
  –	
  50	
  	
  g/l	
  	
  
Deniwet	
  ZEN	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  :	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  1	
  	
  	
  g/l	
  	
  

Drying	
  at	
  100	
  °C	
  for	
  	
  15	
  min.	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
Curing	
  at	
  155	
  °C	
  for	
  	
  15	
  min	
  

Liqour	
  	
  :	
  1/4	
  or	
  1/10	
  	
  
Temperature	
  :	
  25	
  º	
  C	
  	
  

The	
   above	
   solution	
   is	
   prepared.1	
   trousers	
   is	
   weighed.	
  Then	
   water	
   is	
   taken	
   into	
  
the	
   machine	
   and	
   the	
   chemical	
   solution	
   is	
   given	
   into	
   the	
   machine.	
   After	
   the	
  
machine	
  runs	
  a	
  few	
  seconds,the	
  trousers	
  are	
  put	
  in	
  the	
  machine	
  and	
  run	
  about	
  
5-­‐15	
  min.	
  	
  

Then	
   the	
   bath	
   is	
   dropped	
   and	
   the	
   machine	
   does	
   exctraction.(Crease	
   risk	
   at	
  
extractor).After	
   the	
   exctraction	
   has	
   been	
   completedone	
   of	
   the	
   trousers	
   is	
  
weighed	
   again	
   and	
   if	
   it	
   has	
   %50-­‐65	
   of	
   its	
   weight	
   of	
   resin	
   then	
   the	
   baking	
   process	
  
is	
  applied.	
  	
  
DBDENIM B O O K


    BAKING	
  PROCESS	
  	
  
• 	
  	
  	
  After	
  the	
  permanent	
  crinkles	
  are	
  done	
  and	
  the	
  garments	
  are	
  clipsed,	
  	
  
• 	
  They	
  are	
  put	
  in	
  the	
  oven	
  at	
  	
  100	
  -­‐120	
  C	
  for	
  15-­‐	
  25	
  min.Then	
  the	
  garments	
  are	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
     	
  	
  taken	
  	
  out	
  of	
  the	
  oven,the	
  clipses	
  are	
  undone	
  and	
  put	
  in	
  back	
  in	
  the	
  oven	
  	
  again	
  	
  
     	
  	
  at	
  155-­‐160	
  	
  °C	
  for	
  10-­‐20	
  min.In	
  this	
  point	
  2	
  parameters	
  are	
  crucial;	
  	
  

  	
  	
  1.Oven	
  Temperature	
  :	
  The	
  temperature	
  inside	
  of	
  the	
  oven.	
  
  	
  	
  2.Fabric	
  Temperature:	
  	
  The	
  temperature	
  reached	
  on	
  the	
  surface	
  of	
  the	
  fabric.	
  
  	
  	
  There	
  are	
  2	
  types	
  of	
  timing:	
  	
  

  	
  	
  1.Baking	
  Time	
  :	
  The	
  duration	
  of	
  the	
  garments	
  staying	
  inside	
  of	
  the	
  ove	
  	
  
  	
  	
  2.Reaction	
  Time	
  :	
  The	
  duration	
  after	
  the	
  temperature	
  of	
  the	
  garment	
  is	
  reached	
  	
  
  	
  	
  up	
  	
  to	
  required	
  temperature	
  	
  

• 	
  	
  For	
  example	
  in	
  an	
  conveyored	
  oven	
  where	
  the	
  entrance	
  into	
  the	
  oven	
  	
  and	
  exit	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  out	
  of	
  the	
  	
  oven	
  is	
  15	
  min.,the	
  reaction	
  time	
  would	
  be	
  around	
  5-­‐6	
  min.	
  
• 	
  	
  The	
  same	
  thing	
  happens	
  in	
  the	
  chambered	
  ovens,too.For	
  this	
  	
  reason,the	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  temperature	
  on	
  the	
  surface	
  of	
  the	
  garment	
  must	
  be	
  	
  considered	
  and	
  the	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  calibration	
  of	
  the	
  oven	
  must	
  be	
  done	
  regularly.	
  	
  

	
  	
  	
  Calibration	
  is	
  done	
  with	
  thermal	
  papers	
  and	
  they	
  are	
  placed	
  on	
  the	
  garment	
  as	
  
                                                                                                                                	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  follows:	
  	
  

  	
  	
  Waist	
  Band	
  Area	
  :	
  As	
  this	
  area	
  is	
  thick	
  it	
  will	
  take	
  more	
  time	
  to	
  reach	
  to	
  the	
  	
  
  	
  	
  desired	
  	
  temperature.So	
  the	
  thermal	
  paper	
  must	
  be	
  placed	
  right	
  above	
  this	
  area.	
  	
  

  	
  	
  Knee	
  Area	
  :	
  Thermal	
  paper	
  must	
  be	
  placed	
  right	
  in	
  the	
  middle	
  of	
  this	
  area	
  	
  

  	
  	
  Leg	
  Area	
  :	
  Thermal	
  paper	
  must	
  be	
  placed	
  around	
  1	
  cm	
  above	
  the	
  leg	
  If	
  3	
  	
  	
  
  	
  garment	
  having	
  those	
  thermal	
  papers	
  placed	
  on	
  them	
  are	
  placed	
  in	
  the	
  	
  	
  	
  
  	
  front,middle	
  and	
  	
  back	
  of	
  the	
  oven,the	
  temperature	
  circulation	
  of	
  the	
  oven	
  can	
  be	
  	
  	
  
  	
  measured	
  	
  properly.	
  	
  
DBDENIM B O O K



DENIMIST	
  PRODUCTS	
  FOR	
  RESIN	
  FINISHING	
  	
  

Denires	
  	
  	
  CUBE	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     :	
  	
  Reactive	
  Resin	
  With	
  Catalyst	
  
Denires	
  	
  	
  CUBE-­‐	
  NF	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  :	
  	
  Non	
  Formaldehyde	
  	
  Resin	
  Without	
  Catalyst	
  
Denires	
  	
  	
  CUBE-­‐ML	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  :	
  	
  Self	
  –Cross	
  Linking	
  	
  
Denires	
  	
  	
  U-­‐TEAR	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
   :	
  	
  Soft	
  	
  PU	
  &	
  Acrylate	
  
Denires	
  	
  	
  U-­‐HRD	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
   :	
  	
  Hard	
  Acrylate	
  
Denires	
  	
  	
  TRITON	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
   :	
  	
  Wrinkle	
  Resistant	
  Agent	
  
Denires	
  CUBE-­‐NC	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  :	
  	
  Self	
  Cross-­‐Linking	
  (	
  Catalyst	
  -­‐Free	
  )	
  	
  

Denifix	
  	
  	
  BOND-­‐DR	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  :	
  	
  Special	
  Fixing-­‐agent	
  For	
  Getting	
  Dark	
  Cast	
  Indigo	
  

Denicoat	
  	
  	
  1415	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  :	
  	
  Polyurethane	
  Emulsion	
  For	
  Soft	
  Handle	
  

Denicoat	
  	
  	
  1500	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  :	
  	
  Polyurethane	
  Emulsion	
  For	
  Soft	
  Handle	
  
Denicoat	
  	
  	
  CORE-­‐TR	
  	
  	
  :	
  	
  Polyurethane	
  Emulsion	
  For	
  Soft	
  Handle	
  

Denicoat	
  	
  	
  1507	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
   :	
  	
  Polyurethane	
  Emulsion	
  For	
  Soft	
  Hand	
  And	
  Shinny	
  Effect	
  

Denicoat	
  	
  	
  DERM	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
   :	
  	
  Polyethylene	
  Emulsion	
  	
  

Deniart	
  	
  	
  TRINITY	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  :	
  	
  Special	
  product	
  for	
  	
  brillant	
  effect	
  
Denisoft	
  	
  	
  VIVID-­‐U	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  :	
  	
  Concentrated	
  Macro	
  Silicone	
  Emulsion	
  
DB
                                                                                                             DENIM B O O K



RECIPE	
  OF	
  THE	
  DENIRES	
  CUBE	
  
1.	
  STANDARD	
  RESIN	
  APLICATION	
  	
  	
  
                        	
  	
                 	
  	
  
200	
  	
  gr	
  	
  Denires	
  CUBE	
  	
  
100	
  	
  gr	
  	
  Denires	
  U-­‐TEAR	
  	
  
700	
  	
  gr	
  	
  Water	
  	
  

Drying	
  at	
  100	
  °C	
  for	
  	
  15	
  min.	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
Curing	
  at	
  155	
  °C	
  for	
  15	
  min.	
  

2.	
  RESIN	
  APPLICATION	
  fOR	
  HIGH	
  	
  3	
  D	
  
                               	
  	
             	
  	
  
200	
  	
  gr	
  	
  Denires	
  CUBE	
  
100	
  	
  gr	
  	
  Denires	
  U-­‐TEAR	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  20	
  gr	
  	
  Denires	
  TRITON	
  
680	
  	
  gr	
  	
  Water	
  	
  

Drying	
  at	
  100	
  °C	
  for	
  	
  15	
  min.	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
Curing	
  at	
  155	
  °C	
  for	
  15	
  min.	
  

3.	
  RESIN	
  APPLICATIONS	
  FOR	
  HIGH	
  	
  STRENGTH	
  	
  

200	
  	
  gr	
  	
  Denires	
  CUBE	
  
100	
  	
  gr	
  	
  Denires	
  U-­‐TEAR	
  
100	
  	
  gr	
  	
  Denires	
  DERM-­‐H	
  
600 	
  	
  gr	
  	
  Water	
  	
  

Drying	
  at	
  100	
  °C	
  for	
  15	
  min.	
  	
  
Curing	
  at	
  155	
  °C	
  for	
  	
  15	
  min.	
  	
  
DB
                                                                     DENIM B O O K


4.	
  RESIN	
  APPLICATION	
  AT	
  LOW	
  TEMPERATURE	
  FOR	
  HIGH	
  STRENGTH	
  

200	
  	
  gr	
  	
  Denires	
  CUBE	
  
100	
  	
  gr	
  	
  Denirea	
  U-­‐TEAR	
  
	
  	
  20	
  	
  gr	
  	
  Denires	
  TRITON	
  
	
  	
  10	
  	
  gr	
  	
  Denires	
  CUBE-­‐ML	
  
670	
  	
  gr	
  	
  Water	
  	
  

Drying	
  at	
  100	
  °C	
  for	
  	
  15	
  min.	
  	
  
Curing	
  at	
  135	
  °C	
  for	
  	
  15	
  min.	
  	
  

5.	
  RESIN	
  APPLICATION	
  FOR	
  ULTRA	
  GREY	
  CAST	
  	
  

200	
  	
  gr	
  	
  Denires	
  CUBE	
  
100	
  	
  gr	
  	
  Denires	
  U-­‐TEAR	
  
100	
  	
  gr	
  	
  Denires	
  BOND-­‐I	
  
550	
  	
  gr	
  	
  Water	
  	
  

Drying	
  at	
  100	
  °C	
  for	
  	
  15	
  min.	
  
Curing	
  at	
  155	
  °C	
  for	
  	
  15	
  min.	
  	
  

6.	
  RESIN	
  APPLICATIONS	
  FOR	
  EXTRA	
  BRIGHT	
  LOOK	
  	
  

200	
  	
  gr	
  	
  Denires	
  CUBE	
  
150	
  	
  gr	
  	
  Denicoat	
  DERM-­‐H	
  
100	
  	
  gr	
  	
  Denisoft	
  VIVID	
  	
  	
  
500	
  	
  gr	
  	
  Water	
  	
  

Drying	
  at	
  100	
  °C	
  for	
  	
  15	
  min.	
  
Curing	
  at	
  155	
  °C	
  for	
  	
  15	
  min.	
  	
  
DB
                                                                                                          DENIM B O O K


APPLICATIONS	
  TO	
  INCREASE	
  THE	
  STRENGTH	
  	
  

7.	
  STANDARD	
  APPLICATIONS	
  TO	
  INCREASE	
  THE	
  STRENGTH	
  	
  

5	
  	
  	
  gr/lt	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Denicoat	
  DERM	
  

Temperature:	
  35	
  –	
  40	
  °C	
  
Time	
  :	
  15	
  	
  -­‐	
  20	
  min.	
  	
  
Drain	
  	
  -­‐	
  exctract	
  	
  -­‐	
  dry	
  	
  

Recipe	
  8	
  :For	
  extra	
  strength	
  increase	
  	
  

3	
  	
  -­‐	
  	
  	
  	
  5	
  	
  	
  gr/lt	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Denires	
  U-­‐TEAR	
  
3	
  	
  	
  -­‐	
  	
  	
  5	
  	
  	
  gr/lt	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Denicoat	
  DERM	
  
temperature:	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  35	
  –	
  40	
  °C	
  
Time	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  :	
  	
  	
  	
  15	
  	
  -­‐	
  20	
  min	
  	
  
Drain	
  –	
  Exctract	
  	
  -­‐	
  Dry	
  

9.	
  FOR	
  ALREADY	
  RESIN	
  APPLIED	
  WASHED	
  BUT	
  HAVING	
  	
  STRENGTH	
  
FAILURE	
  	
  	
  GARMENTS	
  	
  

Firstly	
  	
  
8	
  gr/lt	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  SODA	
  ASH	
  
temperature	
  :	
  40-­‐	
  45	
  °C	
  
Time	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  :	
  5	
  min.	
  	
  
Drain	
  	
  
Rinsing	
  at	
  50	
  –	
  55	
  °C	
  	
  for	
  	
  	
  2	
  min.	
  -­‐	
  drain	
  	
  

Secodly	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
5	
  	
  gr/lt	
  	
  	
  Denires	
  U-­‐TEAR	
  
5	
  	
  gr/lt	
  	
  	
  Denicoat	
  DERM	
  
temperature:	
  	
  	
  	
  35	
  –	
  40	
  °C	
  
Time	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  :	
  	
  	
  	
  10	
  	
  -­‐	
  15	
  min.	
  	
  
Drain	
  	
  -­‐	
  Extract	
  	
  -­‐	
  	
  Drying	
  	
  
DB
                                                                                           DENIM B O O K


FABRIC	
  PROPERTIES	
  
Changes	
  in	
  fabric	
  properties	
  are	
  related	
  to	
  the	
  number	
  of	
  crosslinks	
  imparted	
  to	
  
the	
   fiber.	
   Improvements	
   in	
   wrinkle	
   recovery	
   and	
   DP	
   ratings,	
   and	
   reduction	
   in	
  
residual	
   shrinkage	
   are	
   proportional	
   to	
   the	
   number	
   of	
   crosslinks.	
   Losses	
   in	
  
strength	
   and	
   abrasion	
   resistance	
   are	
   also	
   related	
   to	
   the	
   number	
   of	
   crosslinks	
  
and	
   to	
   the	
   degree	
   of	
   cellulose	
   damage	
   by	
   the	
   acid	
   catalyst.	
   The	
   number	
   of	
  
cross-­‐links	
  is	
  influenced	
  by	
  the	
  add-­‐on,	
  (the	
  amount	
  of	
  reagent	
  deposited	
  on	
  the      	
  
fabric)	
   and	
   the	
   degree	
   of	
   curing	
   (percentage	
   of	
   the	
   amount	
   applied	
   that	
  
become	
  actual	
  cross-­‐links).	
  The	
  degree	
  of	
  curing	
  is	
  influenced	
  by	
  the	
  chemical             	
  
structure	
  of	
  the	
  reagent,	
  the	
  type	
  of	
  catalyst,	
  the	
  ratio	
  of	
  catalyst	
  to	
  resin,	
  the	
  
presence	
  of	
  buffers	
  and	
  the	
  time	
  and	
  temperature	
  of	
  
cure.	
  

A.	
  DURABLE	
  PRESS	
  PERFORMANCE	
  VERSUS	
  ADD-­‐ON	
  

The	
  most	
  obvious	
  way	
  to	
  increase	
  DP	
  performance	
  is	
  to	
  add	
  more	
  finish	
  to	
  the          	
  
fabric.	
   The	
   relationships	
   between	
   fabric	
   performance	
   and	
   add-­‐on	
   of	
   DMDHEU                	
  
can	
   be	
   seen	
   in	
   figures	
   46.	
   Figure	
   46	
   shows	
   that	
   both	
   wet	
   and	
   dry	
   wrinkle	
  
recovery	
   improvewith	
   increasing	
   concentration	
   of	
   reagent	
   in	
   the	
   bath.	
   Also	
  
shown	
  is	
  the	
  relationship	
  between	
  DP	
  rating	
  (fabric	
  smoothness)	
  and	
  add-­‐on.	
  
DB
                                                                                                   DENIM B O O K


1.	
  IMPORTANT	
  POINTS	
  

There	
  is	
  a	
  sharp	
  increase	
  in	
  wrinkle	
  recovery	
  with	
  increasing	
  resin	
  level.	
  As	
  
bath	
  concentration	
  approaches	
  7	
  %	
  DMDHEU	
  (15-­‐20	
  %	
  commercial	
  product	
  in	
  
bath),wrinkle	
   recovery	
   and	
   DP	
   Rating	
   begin	
   to	
   levels-­‐off.	
  Above	
   this	
   level,	
   the	
  
rate	
   of	
   improvement	
   is	
   less	
   rapid	
   and	
   only	
   modest	
   gains	
   are	
   obtained	
   with	
  
massive	
  amountsof	
  resin.	
  


                  	
  Rela:onship	
  of	
  DP	
  Performance	
  versus	
  DMDHEU	
  Add-­‐on	
  
DB
                                                                                            DENIM B O O K


B.	
  EFFECTIVENESS	
  OF	
  DIFFERENT	
  CROSSLINKERS	
  

How	
   many	
   cross-­‐links	
   does	
   it	
   take	
   to	
   obtain	
   optimum	
   performance?	
  Are	
   some	
  
cross-­‐linkers	
  more	
  effective	
  than	
  others?	
   The	
  answer	
  to	
  these	
  questions	
  can	
  be	
  
seen	
  in	
  figure	
  47.	
  Figure	
  47	
  is	
  a	
  composite	
  chart	
  where	
  wrinkle	
  recovery	
  is	
  plotted	
  
against	
  the	
  concentration	
  (expressed	
  as	
  millimoles	
  of	
  reagent	
  per	
  100	
  grams	
  of	
  
fabric)	
  of	
  a	
  number	
  of	
  different	
  reagents.	
  It	
  is	
  interesting	
  to	
  note	
  that	
  one	
  curve	
  
fits	
  all	
  the	
  data	
  points.	
  Wrinkle	
  recover	
  levels-­‐off	
  at	
  2	
  to	
  2.5	
  millimoles	
  of	
  reagent.	
  
While	
  DMDHEU	
  was	
  not	
  included	
  in	
  figure	
  16,	
  6	
  to	
  7%	
  weight	
  add-­‐on	
  calculates	
  
to	
  be	
  2	
  to	
  2.5	
  millimoles	
  per	
  100	
  grams	
  of	
  fabric	
  and	
  so	
  it	
  too	
  follows	
  the	
  same	
  
general	
  trends.	
  



                      Crease	
  Recovery	
  versus	
  Resin	
  Concentra:on	
  
DBDENIM B O O K


C.	
  TENSILE	
  TEAR	
  AND	
  ABRASION	
  RESISTANCE	
  

Losses	
  in	
  tensile,	
  tear	
  and	
  abrasion	
  resistance	
  in	
  100%	
  cotton	
  are	
  directly	
  related	
  
to	
   the	
   number	
   of	
   cross-­‐links,	
   The	
   relationship	
   between	
   abrasion	
  
resistance,tensile	
  and	
  tear	
  strength	
  versus	
  resin	
  add-­‐on	
  is	
  seen	
  in	
  figure	
  48.	
  The	
  
trends	
   established	
   in	
   these	
   curves	
   mirror	
   those	
   seen	
   in	
   figures	
   46	
   and	
   47,	
   except	
  
these	
  are	
  going	
  the	
  opposite	
  direction.	
  The	
  steep	
  part	
  of	
  each	
  curve	
  appears	
  to	
  
level	
  off	
  at	
  15	
  %	
  commercial	
  DMDHEU	
  (7	
  %	
  bath	
  solids)	
  in	
  the	
  bath.	
  Improved	
  DP	
  
properties	
   also	
   tend	
   to	
   level	
   off	
   at	
   this	
   concentration.	
   Strength	
   and	
   abrasion	
  
resistance	
  losses	
  will	
  amount	
  to	
  between	
  30	
  to	
  60	
  %	
  of	
  the	
  original	
  fabric	
  values	
  




                      Physical	
  Proper:es	
  versus	
  Add-­‐On	
  
DB
                             DENIM B O O K




Abrasion	
  Resistance	
  
DB
                                                                                                DENIM B O O K


D.	
  Crease	
  Recovery	
  versus	
  Curing	
  Temperature	
  


The	
  relationship	
  between	
  crease	
  recovery	
  and	
  temperature	
  of	
  cure	
  is	
  shown	
  in	
  
figure	
   49.	
   The	
   temperature	
   required	
   to	
   obtain	
   cross-­‐linking	
   is	
   very	
   much	
   a	
  
function	
  of	
  the	
  reactant	
  structure.	
  The	
  reactant	
  structures	
  included	
  in	
  figure	
  18	
  
fall	
  into	
  two	
  groups,	
  easy	
  to	
  cure	
  and	
  hard	
  to	
  cure.	
   U/F	
  and	
  DMEU	
  fall	
  into	
  the	
  
easy	
  to	
  cure	
  category.	
  Curing	
  starts	
  as	
  soon	
  as	
  the	
  fabric	
  is	
  dry.	
  These	
  reagents	
  
would	
   not	
   be	
   suitable	
   for	
   delay	
   cure	
   where	
   one	
   needs	
   the	
   resin	
   to	
   remain	
  
unreacted	
   until	
   after	
   the	
   garment	
   is	
   made	
   and	
   pressed.	
   DMDHEU	
   and	
  
carbamates	
   fall	
   in	
   the	
   hard	
   to	
   cure	
   category	
   where	
   curing	
   temperatures	
   must	
  
exceed	
  1300	
  C.	
  DMDHEU	
  has	
  been	
  successfully	
  used	
  in	
  delay	
  cure	
  applications.	
  
The	
   fabric	
   can	
   be	
   handled	
   on	
   commercial	
   ranges	
   where	
   nearly	
   all	
   of	
   the	
   resin	
   is	
  
still	
  uncured	
  after	
  dryin	
  




                    Crease	
  Recovery	
  versus	
  Temperature	
  of	
  Cure	
  and	
  Resin	
  
DB
                                                                                            DENIM B O O K


E.	
  OTHER	
  FABRIC	
  PROPERTIES	
  

1.  SHRINKAGE	
  

Much	
  of	
  a	
  fabric's	
  residual	
  shrinkage	
  is	
  the	
  result	
  of	
  tensions	
  applied	
  to	
  the	
  fabric	
  
during	
  wet	
  processing.	
   Some	
  woven	
  fabrics	
  will	
  shrink	
  both	
  in	
  width	
  and	
  length	
  
during	
  preparation	
  and	
  dyeing.	
  These	
  must	
  be	
  pulled	
  out	
  to	
  maintain	
  width	
  and                  	
  
yardage	
   yields.	
   These	
   stresses	
   add	
   to	
   residual	
   shrinkage.	
   Knit	
   goods	
   are                   	
  
inherently	
   wrinkle	
   resistant;	
   however,	
   some	
   are	
   pulled	
   out	
   to	
   a	
   width	
   wider	
   than	
  
the	
   fabric's	
   knitted	
   gauge	
   and	
   this	
   too	
   adds	
   to	
   residual	
   shrinkage.	
   Much	
   of	
   the	
  
stress	
   induced	
   shrinkage	
   can	
   be	
   eliminated	
   by	
   mechanically	
   compacting	
   the                      	
  
fabric.	
  	
  
Compacting	
  will	
  result	
  in	
  reduced	
  yardage	
  yields.	
  Crosslinking	
  also	
  reduces	
  fabric	
  
shrinkage.	
   For	
   this	
   reason,	
   chemical	
   stabilization	
   of	
   cellulosic	
   fabric	
   has	
   real	
  
economic	
   value.	
   Without	
   resin	
   finishes,	
   the	
   fabrics	
   described	
   here	
   will	
   have	
  
excessively	
  high	
  residual	
  shrinkage.	
  Fortunately,	
  a	
  good	
  resin	
  finish	
  will	
  stabilize	
  
the	
   fabric	
   and	
   reduce	
   the	
   residual	
   shrinkage	
   to	
   less	
   than	
   2%.	
   The	
   degree	
   of	
  
stabilization	
   required	
   by	
   chemical	
   finishes	
   will	
   depend	
   on	
   the	
   fabric's	
   previous	
  
history.	
   In	
   some	
   cases,	
   much	
   more	
   finish	
   is	
   applied	
   than	
   one	
   would	
   reasonably	
  
consider	
   simply	
   to	
   keep	
   residual	
   shrinkage	
   within	
   the	
   required	
   tolerances.	
   In	
  
these	
   cases,	
   reduced	
   shrinkage	
   is	
   the	
   real	
   reason	
   for	
   DP	
   finishes	
   rather	
   than	
  
wrinkle	
  resistance	
  or	
  no-­‐iron	
  features.	
  

	
  2.	
  YELLOWING	
  

Yellowing	
   of	
   DP	
   finished	
   fabrics	
   can	
   be	
   caused	
   by	
   a	
   number	
   of	
   condi:ons.	
   For	
  
example,	
   excessive	
   curing	
   temperatures	
   and	
   /or	
   excessive	
   catalyst	
   will	
   scorch	
  
cellulosic	
  fabrics.	
  Some	
  reactants	
  have	
  color	
  bodies	
  that	
  cause	
  yellowing.	
  Usually	
  
nitrogenous	
   compounds	
   discolor	
   with	
   heat.	
   Buffers	
   are	
   oRen	
   added	
   to	
  
commercial	
  finishes	
  to	
  combat	
  yellowing	
  problems.	
  
DB
                                                                                      DENIM B O O K


3.	
  CHLORINE	
  RESISTANCE	
  

The	
  term	
  chlorine	
  resistance	
  encompasses	
  two	
  problems,	
  yellowing	
  of	
  fabric	
  by	
  
the	
   bleach	
   and	
   tendering	
   (strength	
   loss).	
   Nitrogenous	
   finishes	
   will	
   react	
   with	
  
hypochlorite	
  bleaches	
  to	
  form	
  a	
  reaction	
  product	
  (chloramides)	
  that	
  decomposes	
  
with	
  heat.	
  	
  

These	
   chloramides	
   liberate	
   hydrochloric	
   acid	
   which	
   degrade	
   cellulose.	
   Fabric	
  
develops	
   the	
   characteristic	
   scorched	
   look	
   and	
   the	
   fibers	
   become	
   very	
   weak.	
  
Residual	
   -­‐NH	
   groups	
   are	
   responsible	
   for	
   the	
   formation	
   of	
   chloramides.	
   Resins	
  
and	
   reactants	
   with	
   residual	
   -­‐NH	
   groups	
   and	
   cross-­‐links	
   that	
   hydrolyze	
   in	
  
laundering	
   are	
   especially	
   prone	
   to	
   pick-­‐up	
   chlorine	
   from	
   a	
   bleach	
   bath.	
   Both	
  
tendering	
   and	
   scorching	
   are	
   caused	
   by	
   the	
   breakdown	
   of	
   the	
   chloramide	
   with	
  
heat	
  to	
  form	
  hydrochloric	
  acid.	
  The	
  reactions	
  can	
  be	
  written	
  as	
  follows:	
  
DB
                                                                           DENIM BOOK




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  Office	
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     Kazimiye	
  Mah.	
  Karadeniz	
  Cad.	
  Kiliçoğlu	
  Al:n	
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  37/5/21	
  	
  Çorlu	
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  TURKEY	
  
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Factory	
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  Uzeri	
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Resin Finishing

  • 1. d   n  m   o   k  11 e   i   b   o   DENIMIST  2011   DNMSTDENIMDESINGFASHIONARTLIFE   DB DENIM BOOK D E N I M I S T
  • 2. DB DENIM B O O K DENIMIST T U R K E Y   Since   decades   Denimist   has   developed   know-­‐how   in   denim   finishing   prior   to   garment   manufacturing   and   also   in   jeans   washing.   Our   customers   derive   benefit   from   this   experience.For   the   fabric   production   we   offer   finishing   chemicals   which   provide   the   demanded   fabric   properties   such   as   good   sewability,   stiffness,elasticity   and   handle.   The   other   field   of   our   activity   is   the   recommendation   of   laundring   Procedures   for   ready-­‐made   clothing   such   as   trousers,  jackets  or  skirts,  shirts.   In   doing   so   we   have   learned   that   many   errors   may   occur   in   this   complicated   production   process.  The   laundry,   the   last   step   in   the   sequence   of     producers,   is   faced   to   difficulties   which   are   caused   by   previous   inaccuracies.   Therefore,   a   good   cooperation   among   the   steps   of   jeans   manufacturing   is   required   to   avoid   problems.  Fabric  producer,  garment  manufacturer  and  laundries  have  to  work   together   to   obtain   the   desired   end   result.   By   means   of   our   contacts   on   both   sides  of  the  production  process  we  are  able  to  make  our  contribution.   The   technical   stuff   of   Denimist     is   always   ready   to   help   our   customers   with   eventual   problems   and   to   modify   production   procedures   according   to   the   respective   requirements.  Through   our   numerous   contacts   which   we   have   got   with  denim  producers,  garment  manufacturers  and  laundries  during  the  years   we  support  the  team  work  among  all  sections  of  the  jeans  chain  and  make  our   know-­‐how    available  to  all  of  the  parties  concerned    
  • 3. DBDENIM B O O K RESIN  FINISHING   Resin  processes  have  become  more  popular  recently.  The  biggest  disadvantage   of   the   resin   processing   is   the   strength   loss   of   the   fabric.   There   are   3   main   reasons  for  this  strength  loss.            The  binds  which  are  formed  by  resin  break  the  binds  which  are  already  formed            on    the  fabric  and  giving  the  strength  of  the  fabric.            The  damage  of  cellulose  fibers  by  resin  which  has  a  very  low  pH          As  the  fabrics  treated  with  resin  have  a  stiff  handle  and  low  Slippin  gover              properties  the  tear    strength  of  the  fabric  falls  down.          
  • 4. DBDENIM B O O K     After   the   resin   process   around   15-­‐40%   tear   strength   loss   is   observed   on   the   fabric.For   this   reason   some   standards   are   required.   E.g.   for   trousers   min   750   N   strength  for  warp  wise  and  600  N  strength  for  weft  wise  are  required.     Resin   Processes   can   be   done   either   on   the   washed   fabric   or   on   the   greige   fabric.If   it   is   to   be   done   on   the   greige   fabric,a   deairating   wetting   agent   like   Deniwet  SI  must  be  used  due  to  the  hydophility  problems.            Denires  CUBE    has  been  being  used  not  just  only  for  crinkles  and  whiskers  but              also  hand-­‐sanding  effect  as  the  hand  sanding  effects  of  the  fabric  will  be  brighter              than  those  which  are  not  treated  with            Denires  CUBE.(  Especially  if    Denires    U-­‐  TEAR      Denicoat  DERM  ,  Denires              TRITON    )  Denires  CUBE    treated  fabric  will  have  a  good  hand-­‐sanding  effect  as            well  as  a    good  sand    blasting  effect.          The  most  crucial  thing  for  the  resin  treated    fabrics  is  the  strength  loss    if    they              will    be  applied    handsanding  or  sand  blasting.          Like  resins,hand  sanding  and  sand  blasting  also  causes  strength  loss.For  this              reason,on  the  fabrics  which  will  be  done  handsanding  or    sand  blasting,along              with  Denires  CUBE  ,  Denires  U-­‐TEAR  ,  Denicoat  DERM    also    advised  to  be            used.  
  • 5. DBDENIM B O O K RESIN  PROCESSES  FOR  INDIGO  DYED  GARMENTS      It  is  one  of  the  most  dangerous  process  in  a  washing  plant.Resin  processes  are            applied  to  a  garment  for  different  processes.These  are  ;          Permanent  3-­‐D            Grey  cast            Unwashed  appereance            Different  handles.      After  the  application  of  resin,the  temperature  is  increased  and  condensation  is        completed.    the  process  is  all  about  giving  a  new  form  to  a  garment  and  then  making  it        permanent.  In  that  sense  this  is  a  permanent  process  which  means  ther  is  no        chance  to  correct  the  faulty  garments.   MOST  COMMON  PROBLEMS   1.    Strength  loss  and  tearing     2.    Temporary  3-­‐D     3.    Lighter  shade  or  turning  of  the  cast  into  blue     4.    Failure  of  formaldehyte  test     5.    Differences  in  production     To  solve  these  problems,first  the  chemistry  of  the  process  must  be  understood.     As   mentioned   before,the   aim   of   the   process   is   to   give   a   new   format   to   the   fibre   and   keeping   it  permanently.This   happens   at   150   °C   and   meanwhile   due   to   the   catalayst  the  pH  falls  down.     Theorically  cellulosic  fiber  breaks  down  at  high  temperature  and  low  pH  which   is  not  required  practically.     For  this  reason  the  conditions  must  be  controlled  as  much  as  possible  and  some   auxilaries  must  be  used.  
  • 6. DB DENIM B O O K AUXILARIS  AND  FACTORS     1.  TEMPERATURE   It  is  one  of  the  most  important  factors.The  temperature  must  be    increased  upto     150  °C  and  kept  stable  till  the  reaction  is  completed.  The  important  thing  is  the     temperature  of  the  surface  of  the  fabric  not  the  oven  temperature.     The  temperature  of  the  oven  will  be  adjusted  according  to  the      humidity  of  the     fabric,the  in-­‐oven  time  and  weaving  of  the  fabric.If    it  is  higher  than  160  °C  then     the  strength  loss  will  be  more  and  if  the      temperature  is  less  than  150  °C,then     permanency  problem  will    come  up.     2.  FABRIC  TYPE   The  strength  of  the  fabric  at  the  beginning  should  be  high  and  there  shouldn’t  be   any  alkali  on  the  fabric  as  it  will  disturb  the  pH.     3.  OVEN   To   avoid   the   failure   from   the   formaldehyte   and   differences   in   production,there   should  be  enough  ventilation  inside  of  the  oven  and  the  air  should  be  thrown  out   regularly.     4.  RESIN  TYPES   Resins   and   auxilaries   are   subject   after   all   the   above   conditions   have   been   ensured.   Generally  2  types  of  resins  are  being  used  in  the  market;     a.  Catalayst  built-­‐in  resins  as  Denires  CUBE   b.  Resins  without  catalayst  as    Denires  CUBE-­‐NC     Practically  the  catalayst  gives  extra  stiffness  to  the  fabric  but  that    doesn’t  mean     the  more  catalayst,the  better  permanancy  But  the  more  catalayst  means  the     Lower  pH  and  lower  strength.This  problem  won’t  be  faced  with  the  resins  that     Have    catalayts  in  as  the  adjustment  of  the  amount  of  the  catalayst  is  done     properly.    
  • 7. DB DENIM B O O K 5.  AUXILARIES   Denires    U-­‐TEAR        :  Decreases  the  strength  loss.Mixture  of  acrilates  and  gives     grey  cast.     Denires    U-­‐HRD          :    Harder  version  of  Denires  U-­‐TEAR   Denıres      TRITON    :    Wrinkle  Resistant  Agent   Denicoat    DERM        :    Polyethilene  emulsions  are  very  useful  to  avoid  the         strength      loss    and  to  increase  extra  strength  after  its  loss.But  it  must  be     remembered      that,if  it  is  used    at  the  beginning  of  the  process,it  decreases  the     unit  amount  of    resin  on  the  fabric  and    effects  the  permanancy  of  the  3-­‐D  ina         negative  way.     Denires    CUBE-­‐ML    :  Special  chemical  for  cross-­‐linking.It  increases  the  unit   amount    of  the  resin  on  the  fabric.In  some  cases  they  ensure  that  the   temperature  of    the    oven  drops  down  by  15-­‐25  °C  and  still  the  reaction   continues.This    is  helpful  with    the  garments  where  the  strength  loss  is  inevitable.     Denisoft    VIVID    :    Increases  the  brightness  of  the  fabric  after  resin     applications.effects    the  strength  positively  and  as  it  is  a  reactive     silicone,washing    permanancy  is  high.  
  • 8. DB DENIM B O O K Denires CUBE Deni Res CUBE Product  Line   Product  Group   Resin  Name  
  • 9. DB DENIM B O O K SPRAYING    RESIN   150    gr      Denires  CUBE        50    gr      Denires  U-­‐TEAR     800    gr      Water     Drying  at  100  °C  for    15  min.     Curing  at  155  °C  for    15  min          If  a  brighter  look  is  required,  20-­‐50  gr/lt  Denisoft  VIVID  is  added  into    the  solution.          The  above  solution  is  made  1  liter  by  water.Then  it  is  applied  onto  the  fabric  by              spraying  and  the  crinkles  are  formed  and  baking  procedures    start.    
  • 10. DB DENIM B O O K DIPPING  RESIN     Denires  CUBE            :    75      g/l     Denires  U-­‐TEAR    :    25      g/l     Drying  at  100  °C  for    15  min.                             Curing  at  155  °C  for    15  min   The  solution  is  prepared  according  to  the  above  ratios.The  trousers  are  dipped   into  the  solution.  After  keeping  them  in  the  solution  for  about  5-­‐15  min,they  are   taken   out   and   hung   on   the   hangers   for   about   10-­‐30   min.   to   ensure   that   the   excessive   amount   of   resin   will   flow   down.  Then   the   crinkles   are   formed   and   the   baking  is  done.  
  • 11. DB DENIM B O O K WASHING  MACHINE  RESIN   Denires  CUBE            :  50  –  80    g/l     Denires  U-­‐TEAR    :  25  –  50    g/l     Deniwet  ZEN              :                      1      g/l     Drying  at  100  °C  for    15  min.                             Curing  at  155  °C  for    15  min   Liqour    :  1/4  or  1/10     Temperature  :  25  º  C     The   above   solution   is   prepared.1   trousers   is   weighed.  Then   water   is   taken   into   the   machine   and   the   chemical   solution   is   given   into   the   machine.   After   the   machine  runs  a  few  seconds,the  trousers  are  put  in  the  machine  and  run  about   5-­‐15  min.     Then   the   bath   is   dropped   and   the   machine   does   exctraction.(Crease   risk   at   extractor).After   the   exctraction   has   been   completedone   of   the   trousers   is   weighed   again   and   if   it   has   %50-­‐65   of   its   weight   of   resin   then   the   baking   process   is  applied.    
  • 12. DBDENIM B O O K BAKING  PROCESS     •       After  the  permanent  crinkles  are  done  and  the  garments  are  clipsed,     •   They  are  put  in  the  oven  at    100  -­‐120  C  for  15-­‐  25  min.Then  the  garments  are              taken    out  of  the  oven,the  clipses  are  undone  and  put  in  back  in  the  oven    again        at  155-­‐160    °C  for  10-­‐20  min.In  this  point  2  parameters  are  crucial;        1.Oven  Temperature  :  The  temperature  inside  of  the  oven.      2.Fabric  Temperature:    The  temperature  reached  on  the  surface  of  the  fabric.      There  are  2  types  of  timing:        1.Baking  Time  :  The  duration  of  the  garments  staying  inside  of  the  ove        2.Reaction  Time  :  The  duration  after  the  temperature  of  the  garment  is  reached        up    to  required  temperature     •     For  example  in  an  conveyored  oven  where  the  entrance  into  the  oven    and  exit            out  of  the    oven  is  15  min.,the  reaction  time  would  be  around  5-­‐6  min.   •     The  same  thing  happens  in  the  chambered  ovens,too.For  this    reason,the            temperature  on  the  surface  of  the  garment  must  be    considered  and  the            calibration  of  the  oven  must  be  done  regularly.          Calibration  is  done  with  thermal  papers  and  they  are  placed  on  the  garment  as            follows:        Waist  Band  Area  :  As  this  area  is  thick  it  will  take  more  time  to  reach  to  the        desired    temperature.So  the  thermal  paper  must  be  placed  right  above  this  area.        Knee  Area  :  Thermal  paper  must  be  placed  right  in  the  middle  of  this  area        Leg  Area  :  Thermal  paper  must  be  placed  around  1  cm  above  the  leg  If  3        garment  having  those  thermal  papers  placed  on  them  are  placed  in  the          front,middle  and    back  of  the  oven,the  temperature  circulation  of  the  oven  can  be        measured    properly.    
  • 13. DBDENIM B O O K DENIMIST  PRODUCTS  FOR  RESIN  FINISHING     Denires      CUBE             :    Reactive  Resin  With  Catalyst   Denires      CUBE-­‐  NF          :    Non  Formaldehyde    Resin  Without  Catalyst   Denires      CUBE-­‐ML          :    Self  –Cross  Linking     Denires      U-­‐TEAR               :    Soft    PU  &  Acrylate   Denires      U-­‐HRD               :    Hard  Acrylate   Denires      TRITON             :    Wrinkle  Resistant  Agent   Denires  CUBE-­‐NC              :    Self  Cross-­‐Linking  (  Catalyst  -­‐Free  )     Denifix      BOND-­‐DR          :    Special  Fixing-­‐agent  For  Getting  Dark  Cast  Indigo   Denicoat      1415                        :    Polyurethane  Emulsion  For  Soft  Handle   Denicoat      1500                        :    Polyurethane  Emulsion  For  Soft  Handle   Denicoat      CORE-­‐TR      :    Polyurethane  Emulsion  For  Soft  Handle   Denicoat      1507                         :    Polyurethane  Emulsion  For  Soft  Hand  And  Shinny  Effect   Denicoat      DERM                 :    Polyethylene  Emulsion     Deniart      TRINITY                :    Special  product  for    brillant  effect   Denisoft      VIVID-­‐U            :    Concentrated  Macro  Silicone  Emulsion  
  • 14. DB DENIM B O O K RECIPE  OF  THE  DENIRES  CUBE   1.  STANDARD  RESIN  APLICATION               200    gr    Denires  CUBE     100    gr    Denires  U-­‐TEAR     700    gr    Water     Drying  at  100  °C  for    15  min.                             Curing  at  155  °C  for  15  min.   2.  RESIN  APPLICATION  fOR  HIGH    3  D           200    gr    Denires  CUBE   100    gr    Denires  U-­‐TEAR          20  gr    Denires  TRITON   680    gr    Water     Drying  at  100  °C  for    15  min.                             Curing  at  155  °C  for  15  min.   3.  RESIN  APPLICATIONS  FOR  HIGH    STRENGTH     200    gr    Denires  CUBE   100    gr    Denires  U-­‐TEAR   100    gr    Denires  DERM-­‐H   600     gr    Water     Drying  at  100  °C  for  15  min.     Curing  at  155  °C  for    15  min.    
  • 15. DB DENIM B O O K 4.  RESIN  APPLICATION  AT  LOW  TEMPERATURE  FOR  HIGH  STRENGTH   200    gr    Denires  CUBE   100    gr    Denirea  U-­‐TEAR      20    gr    Denires  TRITON      10    gr    Denires  CUBE-­‐ML   670    gr    Water     Drying  at  100  °C  for    15  min.     Curing  at  135  °C  for    15  min.     5.  RESIN  APPLICATION  FOR  ULTRA  GREY  CAST     200    gr    Denires  CUBE   100    gr    Denires  U-­‐TEAR   100    gr    Denires  BOND-­‐I   550    gr    Water     Drying  at  100  °C  for    15  min.   Curing  at  155  °C  for    15  min.     6.  RESIN  APPLICATIONS  FOR  EXTRA  BRIGHT  LOOK     200    gr    Denires  CUBE   150    gr    Denicoat  DERM-­‐H   100    gr    Denisoft  VIVID       500    gr    Water     Drying  at  100  °C  for    15  min.   Curing  at  155  °C  for    15  min.    
  • 16. DB DENIM B O O K APPLICATIONS  TO  INCREASE  THE  STRENGTH     7.  STANDARD  APPLICATIONS  TO  INCREASE  THE  STRENGTH     5      gr/lt          Denicoat  DERM   Temperature:  35  –  40  °C   Time  :  15    -­‐  20  min.     Drain    -­‐  exctract    -­‐  dry     Recipe  8  :For  extra  strength  increase     3    -­‐        5      gr/lt          Denires  U-­‐TEAR   3      -­‐      5      gr/lt          Denicoat  DERM   temperature:          35  –  40  °C   Time                        :        15    -­‐  20  min     Drain  –  Exctract    -­‐  Dry   9.  FOR  ALREADY  RESIN  APPLIED  WASHED  BUT  HAVING    STRENGTH   FAILURE      GARMENTS     Firstly     8  gr/lt              SODA  ASH   temperature  :  40-­‐  45  °C   Time                          :  5  min.     Drain     Rinsing  at  50  –  55  °C    for      2  min.  -­‐  drain     Secodly             5    gr/lt      Denires  U-­‐TEAR   5    gr/lt      Denicoat  DERM   temperature:        35  –  40  °C   Time                      :        10    -­‐  15  min.     Drain    -­‐  Extract    -­‐    Drying    
  • 17. DB DENIM B O O K FABRIC  PROPERTIES   Changes  in  fabric  properties  are  related  to  the  number  of  crosslinks  imparted  to   the   fiber.   Improvements   in   wrinkle   recovery   and   DP   ratings,   and   reduction   in   residual   shrinkage   are   proportional   to   the   number   of   crosslinks.   Losses   in   strength   and   abrasion   resistance   are   also   related   to   the   number   of   crosslinks   and   to   the   degree   of   cellulose   damage   by   the   acid   catalyst.   The   number   of   cross-­‐links  is  influenced  by  the  add-­‐on,  (the  amount  of  reagent  deposited  on  the   fabric)   and   the   degree   of   curing   (percentage   of   the   amount   applied   that   become  actual  cross-­‐links).  The  degree  of  curing  is  influenced  by  the  chemical   structure  of  the  reagent,  the  type  of  catalyst,  the  ratio  of  catalyst  to  resin,  the   presence  of  buffers  and  the  time  and  temperature  of   cure.   A.  DURABLE  PRESS  PERFORMANCE  VERSUS  ADD-­‐ON   The  most  obvious  way  to  increase  DP  performance  is  to  add  more  finish  to  the   fabric.   The   relationships   between   fabric   performance   and   add-­‐on   of   DMDHEU   can   be   seen   in   figures   46.   Figure   46   shows   that   both   wet   and   dry   wrinkle   recovery   improvewith   increasing   concentration   of   reagent   in   the   bath.   Also   shown  is  the  relationship  between  DP  rating  (fabric  smoothness)  and  add-­‐on.  
  • 18. DB DENIM B O O K 1.  IMPORTANT  POINTS   There  is  a  sharp  increase  in  wrinkle  recovery  with  increasing  resin  level.  As   bath  concentration  approaches  7  %  DMDHEU  (15-­‐20  %  commercial  product  in   bath),wrinkle   recovery   and   DP   Rating   begin   to   levels-­‐off.  Above   this   level,   the   rate   of   improvement   is   less   rapid   and   only   modest   gains   are   obtained   with   massive  amountsof  resin.    Rela:onship  of  DP  Performance  versus  DMDHEU  Add-­‐on  
  • 19. DB DENIM B O O K B.  EFFECTIVENESS  OF  DIFFERENT  CROSSLINKERS   How   many   cross-­‐links   does   it   take   to   obtain   optimum   performance?  Are   some   cross-­‐linkers  more  effective  than  others?   The  answer  to  these  questions  can  be   seen  in  figure  47.  Figure  47  is  a  composite  chart  where  wrinkle  recovery  is  plotted   against  the  concentration  (expressed  as  millimoles  of  reagent  per  100  grams  of   fabric)  of  a  number  of  different  reagents.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  one  curve   fits  all  the  data  points.  Wrinkle  recover  levels-­‐off  at  2  to  2.5  millimoles  of  reagent.   While  DMDHEU  was  not  included  in  figure  16,  6  to  7%  weight  add-­‐on  calculates   to  be  2  to  2.5  millimoles  per  100  grams  of  fabric  and  so  it  too  follows  the  same   general  trends.   Crease  Recovery  versus  Resin  Concentra:on  
  • 20. DBDENIM B O O K C.  TENSILE  TEAR  AND  ABRASION  RESISTANCE   Losses  in  tensile,  tear  and  abrasion  resistance  in  100%  cotton  are  directly  related   to   the   number   of   cross-­‐links,   The   relationship   between   abrasion   resistance,tensile  and  tear  strength  versus  resin  add-­‐on  is  seen  in  figure  48.  The   trends   established   in   these   curves   mirror   those   seen   in   figures   46   and   47,   except   these  are  going  the  opposite  direction.  The  steep  part  of  each  curve  appears  to   level  off  at  15  %  commercial  DMDHEU  (7  %  bath  solids)  in  the  bath.  Improved  DP   properties   also   tend   to   level   off   at   this   concentration.   Strength   and   abrasion   resistance  losses  will  amount  to  between  30  to  60  %  of  the  original  fabric  values   Physical  Proper:es  versus  Add-­‐On  
  • 21. DB DENIM B O O K Abrasion  Resistance  
  • 22. DB DENIM B O O K D.  Crease  Recovery  versus  Curing  Temperature   The  relationship  between  crease  recovery  and  temperature  of  cure  is  shown  in   figure   49.   The   temperature   required   to   obtain   cross-­‐linking   is   very   much   a   function  of  the  reactant  structure.  The  reactant  structures  included  in  figure  18   fall  into  two  groups,  easy  to  cure  and  hard  to  cure.   U/F  and  DMEU  fall  into  the   easy  to  cure  category.  Curing  starts  as  soon  as  the  fabric  is  dry.  These  reagents   would   not   be   suitable   for   delay   cure   where   one   needs   the   resin   to   remain   unreacted   until   after   the   garment   is   made   and   pressed.   DMDHEU   and   carbamates   fall   in   the   hard   to   cure   category   where   curing   temperatures   must   exceed  1300  C.  DMDHEU  has  been  successfully  used  in  delay  cure  applications.   The   fabric   can   be   handled   on   commercial   ranges   where   nearly   all   of   the   resin   is   still  uncured  after  dryin   Crease  Recovery  versus  Temperature  of  Cure  and  Resin  
  • 23. DB DENIM B O O K E.  OTHER  FABRIC  PROPERTIES   1.  SHRINKAGE   Much  of  a  fabric's  residual  shrinkage  is  the  result  of  tensions  applied  to  the  fabric   during  wet  processing.   Some  woven  fabrics  will  shrink  both  in  width  and  length   during  preparation  and  dyeing.  These  must  be  pulled  out  to  maintain  width  and   yardage   yields.   These   stresses   add   to   residual   shrinkage.   Knit   goods   are   inherently   wrinkle   resistant;   however,   some   are   pulled   out   to   a   width   wider   than   the   fabric's   knitted   gauge   and   this   too   adds   to   residual   shrinkage.   Much   of   the   stress   induced   shrinkage   can   be   eliminated   by   mechanically   compacting   the   fabric.     Compacting  will  result  in  reduced  yardage  yields.  Crosslinking  also  reduces  fabric   shrinkage.   For   this   reason,   chemical   stabilization   of   cellulosic   fabric   has   real   economic   value.   Without   resin   finishes,   the   fabrics   described   here   will   have   excessively  high  residual  shrinkage.  Fortunately,  a  good  resin  finish  will  stabilize   the   fabric   and   reduce   the   residual   shrinkage   to   less   than   2%.   The   degree   of   stabilization   required   by   chemical   finishes   will   depend   on   the   fabric's   previous   history.   In   some   cases,   much   more   finish   is   applied   than   one   would   reasonably   consider   simply   to   keep   residual   shrinkage   within   the   required   tolerances.   In   these   cases,   reduced   shrinkage   is   the   real   reason   for   DP   finishes   rather   than   wrinkle  resistance  or  no-­‐iron  features.    2.  YELLOWING   Yellowing   of   DP   finished   fabrics   can   be   caused   by   a   number   of   condi:ons.   For   example,   excessive   curing   temperatures   and   /or   excessive   catalyst   will   scorch   cellulosic  fabrics.  Some  reactants  have  color  bodies  that  cause  yellowing.  Usually   nitrogenous   compounds   discolor   with   heat.   Buffers   are   oRen   added   to   commercial  finishes  to  combat  yellowing  problems.  
  • 24. DB DENIM B O O K 3.  CHLORINE  RESISTANCE   The  term  chlorine  resistance  encompasses  two  problems,  yellowing  of  fabric  by   the   bleach   and   tendering   (strength   loss).   Nitrogenous   finishes   will   react   with   hypochlorite  bleaches  to  form  a  reaction  product  (chloramides)  that  decomposes   with  heat.     These   chloramides   liberate   hydrochloric   acid   which   degrade   cellulose.   Fabric   develops   the   characteristic   scorched   look   and   the   fibers   become   very   weak.   Residual   -­‐NH   groups   are   responsible   for   the   formation   of   chloramides.   Resins   and   reactants   with   residual   -­‐NH   groups   and   cross-­‐links   that   hydrolyze   in   laundering   are   especially   prone   to   pick-­‐up   chlorine   from   a   bleach   bath.   Both   tendering   and   scorching   are   caused   by   the   breakdown   of   the   chloramide   with   heat  to  form  hydrochloric  acid.  The  reactions  can  be  written  as  follows:  
  • 25. DB DENIM BOOK Head  Office   :   Kazimiye  Mah.  Karadeniz  Cad.  Kiliçoğlu  Al:n  Evler  No:  37/5/21    Çorlu  /  Tekirdağ  /  TURKEY   Ph:  90  282  673  62  40      Fax  :  90  282  673  59  75   eyup@denimist.com.tr   Factory   :   Motor  Yerleri  Mevkii  E-­‐5  Uzeri  Ulaş  /  Corlu  /  Tekirdag  /  TURKEY   mustafa@denimist.com.tr     Pakistan   :   Plot  No:  2/C  Lane  No:  3  Itehad  Coom  Phase  –  VI  D.H.A  Karachi  /  PAKISTAN   Ph:  92-­‐21-­‐37820980  –  35348720    Cell  :  92-­‐300-­‐214430   tanveer@denimist.com.tr   Bangladesh   :   Road  36  ,  House  15,  F4,  Gulshan  2,  Dhaka  /BANGLADESH   Cell:  8801741393879   serkan@denimist.com.tr