SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 21
Download to read offline
Measurements
 in Science

     Mr Kremer’s
     Grade 9 Class




                     Image: http://www.bjj.org/another-zombie-attack
SI Units
SI Units
Dimensional Analysis
Dimensional Analysis
Dimensional Analysis
How many
seconds in
2.4 hours?
Dimensional Analysis
How many
seconds in
2.4 hours?

  2.4 hrs   60 min   60 s
            1 hr     1 min
Dimensional Analysis
How many
seconds in
2.4 hours?

  2.4 hrs   60 min   60 s
            1 hr     1 min   8640 s
Dimensional Analysis
How many
  days in
5.9x106 s?
Dimensional Analysis
How many
  days in
5.9x106 s?
                 How many
               gigaseconds in
                  3.2x1012
               nanoseconds?
Dimensional Analysis
How many
  days in
5.9x106 s?
                 How many
               gigaseconds in
                  3.2x1012
               nanoseconds?

How many dg
 in 1.2 kg?
Dimensional Analysis
How many
  days in
5.9x106 s?
                 How many
               gigaseconds in
                  3.2x1012
               nanoseconds?

How many dg
 in 1.2 kg?   How many m2
               in 100 cm2?
Dimensional Analysis
What if there are
multiple units in
 the question?




5.6 m 1 km    60 s   60
                     min
 s    1000 1 min     1 hr
       m                    20.16 km/
                                hr
Dimensional Analysis
What if there are             Example:
multiple units in            How many
 the question?              km/hr is 5.6
                                m/s?




5.6 m 1 km    60 s   60
                     min
 s    1000 1 min     1 hr
       m                      20.16 km/
                                  hr
Dimensional Analysis
What if there are             Example:
multiple units in            How many
 the question?              km/hr is 5.6
                                m/s?
1st convert one
  unit. In this
     case,
    km ➜ m
5.6 m 1 km    60 s   60
                     min
 s    1000 1 min     1 hr
       m                      20.16 km/
                                  hr
Dimensional Analysis
What if there are              Example:
multiple units in             How many
 the question?               km/hr is 5.6
                                 m/s?
1st convert one             Next convert the
  unit. In this               other unit. In
     case,                  this case, s ➜ hr
    km ➜ m
5.6 m 1 km    60 s   60
                     min
 s    1000 1 min     1 hr
       m                       20.16 km/
                                   hr
Dimensional Analysis
What if there are              Example:
multiple units in             How many
 the question?               km/hr is 5.6
                                 m/s?
1st convert one             Next convert the
  unit. In this               other unit. In
     case,                  this case, s ➜ hr
    km ➜ m                   (5.6 x 1 x 60 x 60)

5.6 m 1 km    60 s   60      (1 x 1000 x 1 x 1)
                     min
 s    1000 1 min     1 hr
       m                       20.16 km/
                                   hr
Dimensional Analysis
60 km/hr in m/
     s?



                 PRACTICE
                  THESE!
Dimensional Analysis
60 km/hr in m/
     s?
                            90 km3 in m3?


                 PRACTICE
                  THESE!
Dimensional Analysis
60 km/hr in m/
     s?
                            90 km3 in m3?


                 PRACTICE
                  THESE!

 52 Mm/hr2 in
    m/s2?
Dimensional Analysis
60 km/hr in m/
     s?
                             90 km3 in m3?


                 PRACTICE
                  THESE!

 52 Mm/hr2 in               19 mg μm/
    m/s2?                   hr2 in kg m/
                                 s2?

More Related Content

Similar to Measurements in science

Handbook Of Formulae And Constants
Handbook Of Formulae And ConstantsHandbook Of Formulae And Constants
Handbook Of Formulae And ConstantsJinesh Patel
 
Handbook of formulae and constants
Handbook of formulae and constantsHandbook of formulae and constants
Handbook of formulae and constantsPratap Chandra
 
Handbook of formulae and constants
Handbook of formulae and constantsHandbook of formulae and constants
Handbook of formulae and constantsSantosh Korke
 
Converting Customary System to Metric System.pptx
Converting Customary System to Metric System.pptxConverting Customary System to Metric System.pptx
Converting Customary System to Metric System.pptxElleMaRie3
 
General Physics Conversion of Units.pptx
General Physics Conversion of Units.pptxGeneral Physics Conversion of Units.pptx
General Physics Conversion of Units.pptxZayraAtrero2
 
Intro to Mechanics: The Sudy of Motion
Intro to Mechanics: The Sudy of MotionIntro to Mechanics: The Sudy of Motion
Intro to Mechanics: The Sudy of MotionI Wonder Why Science
 
Elementary topics ii nov 22nd
Elementary topics ii nov 22ndElementary topics ii nov 22nd
Elementary topics ii nov 22ndjennoga08
 
Speed, Distance and Time for Grade 6 Learners
Speed, Distance and Time for Grade 6 LearnersSpeed, Distance and Time for Grade 6 Learners
Speed, Distance and Time for Grade 6 LearnersMercedesTungpalan
 
DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS final
DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS finalDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS final
DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS finalAruna Balaji
 
Lecture 3.2 through 3.4- Units, Conversions, & Density
Lecture 3.2 through 3.4- Units, Conversions, & DensityLecture 3.2 through 3.4- Units, Conversions, & Density
Lecture 3.2 through 3.4- Units, Conversions, & DensityMary Beth Smith
 

Similar to Measurements in science (12)

Handbook Of Formulae And Constants
Handbook Of Formulae And ConstantsHandbook Of Formulae And Constants
Handbook Of Formulae And Constants
 
Handbook of formulae and constants
Handbook of formulae and constantsHandbook of formulae and constants
Handbook of formulae and constants
 
Handbook of formulae and constants
Handbook of formulae and constantsHandbook of formulae and constants
Handbook of formulae and constants
 
Scientific Work
Scientific WorkScientific Work
Scientific Work
 
Converting Customary System to Metric System.pptx
Converting Customary System to Metric System.pptxConverting Customary System to Metric System.pptx
Converting Customary System to Metric System.pptx
 
General Physics Conversion of Units.pptx
General Physics Conversion of Units.pptxGeneral Physics Conversion of Units.pptx
General Physics Conversion of Units.pptx
 
Lecture 03
Lecture 03Lecture 03
Lecture 03
 
Intro to Mechanics: The Sudy of Motion
Intro to Mechanics: The Sudy of MotionIntro to Mechanics: The Sudy of Motion
Intro to Mechanics: The Sudy of Motion
 
Elementary topics ii nov 22nd
Elementary topics ii nov 22ndElementary topics ii nov 22nd
Elementary topics ii nov 22nd
 
Speed, Distance and Time for Grade 6 Learners
Speed, Distance and Time for Grade 6 LearnersSpeed, Distance and Time for Grade 6 Learners
Speed, Distance and Time for Grade 6 Learners
 
DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS final
DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS finalDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS final
DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS final
 
Lecture 3.2 through 3.4- Units, Conversions, & Density
Lecture 3.2 through 3.4- Units, Conversions, & DensityLecture 3.2 through 3.4- Units, Conversions, & Density
Lecture 3.2 through 3.4- Units, Conversions, & Density
 

More from Brad Kremer

Bradley M Kremer resumé October 2019
Bradley M Kremer resumé October 2019Bradley M Kremer resumé October 2019
Bradley M Kremer resumé October 2019Brad Kremer
 
How to create graphs for science
How to create graphs for scienceHow to create graphs for science
How to create graphs for scienceBrad Kremer
 
2.5 investigating ecosystems notes
2.5 investigating ecosystems notes2.5 investigating ecosystems notes
2.5 investigating ecosystems notesBrad Kremer
 
2.4 biomes zonation and succession notes
2.4 biomes zonation and succession notes2.4 biomes zonation and succession notes
2.4 biomes zonation and succession notesBrad Kremer
 
2.3 flows of energy and matter notes
2.3 flows of energy and matter notes2.3 flows of energy and matter notes
2.3 flows of energy and matter notesBrad Kremer
 
2.2 communities and ecosystems notes
2.2 communities and ecosystems notes2.2 communities and ecosystems notes
2.2 communities and ecosystems notesBrad Kremer
 
2.1 species and populations notes
2.1 species and populations notes2.1 species and populations notes
2.1 species and populations notesBrad Kremer
 
1.5 humans and pollution notes
1.5 humans and pollution notes1.5 humans and pollution notes
1.5 humans and pollution notesBrad Kremer
 
1.4 sustainability notes
1.4 sustainability notes1.4 sustainability notes
1.4 sustainability notesBrad Kremer
 
1.3 energy and equilibria notes
1.3 energy and equilibria notes1.3 energy and equilibria notes
1.3 energy and equilibria notesBrad Kremer
 
1.2 systems and models notes
1.2 systems and models notes1.2 systems and models notes
1.2 systems and models notesBrad Kremer
 
1.1 environmental value systems notes
1.1 environmental value systems notes1.1 environmental value systems notes
1.1 environmental value systems notesBrad Kremer
 
Atmosphere and climate science - MYP Year 4
Atmosphere and climate science - MYP Year 4Atmosphere and climate science - MYP Year 4
Atmosphere and climate science - MYP Year 4Brad Kremer
 
Independent gas laws investigation
Independent gas laws investigationIndependent gas laws investigation
Independent gas laws investigationBrad Kremer
 
Chili Pepper Tasks - MYP 4 Gas Laws
Chili Pepper Tasks - MYP 4 Gas LawsChili Pepper Tasks - MYP 4 Gas Laws
Chili Pepper Tasks - MYP 4 Gas LawsBrad Kremer
 
Vernier exploring gas laws lab
Vernier exploring gas laws labVernier exploring gas laws lab
Vernier exploring gas laws labBrad Kremer
 
Graphing periodic trends
Graphing periodic trendsGraphing periodic trends
Graphing periodic trendsBrad Kremer
 
Intro to Chemistry - Meet the elements
Intro to Chemistry - Meet the elementsIntro to Chemistry - Meet the elements
Intro to Chemistry - Meet the elementsBrad Kremer
 
Grade 8 chemistry vocabulary list
Grade 8 chemistry vocabulary listGrade 8 chemistry vocabulary list
Grade 8 chemistry vocabulary listBrad Kremer
 
Chemical reaction posters - MYP 3
Chemical reaction posters - MYP 3Chemical reaction posters - MYP 3
Chemical reaction posters - MYP 3Brad Kremer
 

More from Brad Kremer (20)

Bradley M Kremer resumé October 2019
Bradley M Kremer resumé October 2019Bradley M Kremer resumé October 2019
Bradley M Kremer resumé October 2019
 
How to create graphs for science
How to create graphs for scienceHow to create graphs for science
How to create graphs for science
 
2.5 investigating ecosystems notes
2.5 investigating ecosystems notes2.5 investigating ecosystems notes
2.5 investigating ecosystems notes
 
2.4 biomes zonation and succession notes
2.4 biomes zonation and succession notes2.4 biomes zonation and succession notes
2.4 biomes zonation and succession notes
 
2.3 flows of energy and matter notes
2.3 flows of energy and matter notes2.3 flows of energy and matter notes
2.3 flows of energy and matter notes
 
2.2 communities and ecosystems notes
2.2 communities and ecosystems notes2.2 communities and ecosystems notes
2.2 communities and ecosystems notes
 
2.1 species and populations notes
2.1 species and populations notes2.1 species and populations notes
2.1 species and populations notes
 
1.5 humans and pollution notes
1.5 humans and pollution notes1.5 humans and pollution notes
1.5 humans and pollution notes
 
1.4 sustainability notes
1.4 sustainability notes1.4 sustainability notes
1.4 sustainability notes
 
1.3 energy and equilibria notes
1.3 energy and equilibria notes1.3 energy and equilibria notes
1.3 energy and equilibria notes
 
1.2 systems and models notes
1.2 systems and models notes1.2 systems and models notes
1.2 systems and models notes
 
1.1 environmental value systems notes
1.1 environmental value systems notes1.1 environmental value systems notes
1.1 environmental value systems notes
 
Atmosphere and climate science - MYP Year 4
Atmosphere and climate science - MYP Year 4Atmosphere and climate science - MYP Year 4
Atmosphere and climate science - MYP Year 4
 
Independent gas laws investigation
Independent gas laws investigationIndependent gas laws investigation
Independent gas laws investigation
 
Chili Pepper Tasks - MYP 4 Gas Laws
Chili Pepper Tasks - MYP 4 Gas LawsChili Pepper Tasks - MYP 4 Gas Laws
Chili Pepper Tasks - MYP 4 Gas Laws
 
Vernier exploring gas laws lab
Vernier exploring gas laws labVernier exploring gas laws lab
Vernier exploring gas laws lab
 
Graphing periodic trends
Graphing periodic trendsGraphing periodic trends
Graphing periodic trends
 
Intro to Chemistry - Meet the elements
Intro to Chemistry - Meet the elementsIntro to Chemistry - Meet the elements
Intro to Chemistry - Meet the elements
 
Grade 8 chemistry vocabulary list
Grade 8 chemistry vocabulary listGrade 8 chemistry vocabulary list
Grade 8 chemistry vocabulary list
 
Chemical reaction posters - MYP 3
Chemical reaction posters - MYP 3Chemical reaction posters - MYP 3
Chemical reaction posters - MYP 3
 

Recently uploaded

Appkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptx
Appkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptxAppkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptx
Appkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptxappkodes
 
PSCC - Capability Statement Presentation
PSCC - Capability Statement PresentationPSCC - Capability Statement Presentation
PSCC - Capability Statement PresentationAnamaria Contreras
 
20220816-EthicsGrade_Scorecard-JP_Morgan_Chase-Q2-63_57.pdf
20220816-EthicsGrade_Scorecard-JP_Morgan_Chase-Q2-63_57.pdf20220816-EthicsGrade_Scorecard-JP_Morgan_Chase-Q2-63_57.pdf
20220816-EthicsGrade_Scorecard-JP_Morgan_Chase-Q2-63_57.pdfChris Skinner
 
Pitch Deck Teardown: Xpanceo's $40M Seed deck
Pitch Deck Teardown: Xpanceo's $40M Seed deckPitch Deck Teardown: Xpanceo's $40M Seed deck
Pitch Deck Teardown: Xpanceo's $40M Seed deckHajeJanKamps
 
How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...
How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...
How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...Hector Del Castillo, CPM, CPMM
 
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdfShaun Heinrichs
 
Healthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare Newsletter
Healthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare NewsletterHealthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare Newsletter
Healthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare NewsletterJamesConcepcion7
 
trending-flavors-and-ingredients-in-salty-snacks-us-2024_Redacted-V2.pdf
trending-flavors-and-ingredients-in-salty-snacks-us-2024_Redacted-V2.pdftrending-flavors-and-ingredients-in-salty-snacks-us-2024_Redacted-V2.pdf
trending-flavors-and-ingredients-in-salty-snacks-us-2024_Redacted-V2.pdfMintel Group
 
TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024
TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024
TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024Adnet Communications
 
Data Analytics Strategy Toolkit and Templates
Data Analytics Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesData Analytics Strategy Toolkit and Templates
Data Analytics Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesAurelien Domont, MBA
 
GUIDELINES ON USEFUL FORMS IN FREIGHT FORWARDING (F) Danny Diep Toh MBA.pdf
GUIDELINES ON USEFUL FORMS IN FREIGHT FORWARDING (F) Danny Diep Toh MBA.pdfGUIDELINES ON USEFUL FORMS IN FREIGHT FORWARDING (F) Danny Diep Toh MBA.pdf
GUIDELINES ON USEFUL FORMS IN FREIGHT FORWARDING (F) Danny Diep Toh MBA.pdfDanny Diep To
 
Technical Leaders - Working with the Management Team
Technical Leaders - Working with the Management TeamTechnical Leaders - Working with the Management Team
Technical Leaders - Working with the Management TeamArik Fletcher
 
Types of Cyberattacks - ASG I.T. Consulting.pdf
Types of Cyberattacks - ASG I.T. Consulting.pdfTypes of Cyberattacks - ASG I.T. Consulting.pdf
Types of Cyberattacks - ASG I.T. Consulting.pdfASGITConsulting
 
The-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptx
The-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptxThe-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptx
The-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptxmbikashkanyari
 
Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.
Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.
Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.Anamaria Contreras
 
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...Americas Got Grants
 
Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...
Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...
Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...ssuserf63bd7
 
Psychic Reading | Spiritual Guidance – Astro Ganesh Ji
Psychic Reading | Spiritual Guidance – Astro Ganesh JiPsychic Reading | Spiritual Guidance – Astro Ganesh Ji
Psychic Reading | Spiritual Guidance – Astro Ganesh Jiastral oracle
 
WSMM Technology February.March Newsletter_vF.pdf
WSMM Technology February.March Newsletter_vF.pdfWSMM Technology February.March Newsletter_vF.pdf
WSMM Technology February.March Newsletter_vF.pdfJamesConcepcion7
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Appkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptx
Appkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptxAppkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptx
Appkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptx
 
WAM Corporate Presentation April 12 2024.pdf
WAM Corporate Presentation April 12 2024.pdfWAM Corporate Presentation April 12 2024.pdf
WAM Corporate Presentation April 12 2024.pdf
 
PSCC - Capability Statement Presentation
PSCC - Capability Statement PresentationPSCC - Capability Statement Presentation
PSCC - Capability Statement Presentation
 
20220816-EthicsGrade_Scorecard-JP_Morgan_Chase-Q2-63_57.pdf
20220816-EthicsGrade_Scorecard-JP_Morgan_Chase-Q2-63_57.pdf20220816-EthicsGrade_Scorecard-JP_Morgan_Chase-Q2-63_57.pdf
20220816-EthicsGrade_Scorecard-JP_Morgan_Chase-Q2-63_57.pdf
 
Pitch Deck Teardown: Xpanceo's $40M Seed deck
Pitch Deck Teardown: Xpanceo's $40M Seed deckPitch Deck Teardown: Xpanceo's $40M Seed deck
Pitch Deck Teardown: Xpanceo's $40M Seed deck
 
How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...
How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...
How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...
 
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
 
Healthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare Newsletter
Healthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare NewsletterHealthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare Newsletter
Healthcare Feb. & Mar. Healthcare Newsletter
 
trending-flavors-and-ingredients-in-salty-snacks-us-2024_Redacted-V2.pdf
trending-flavors-and-ingredients-in-salty-snacks-us-2024_Redacted-V2.pdftrending-flavors-and-ingredients-in-salty-snacks-us-2024_Redacted-V2.pdf
trending-flavors-and-ingredients-in-salty-snacks-us-2024_Redacted-V2.pdf
 
TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024
TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024
TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024
 
Data Analytics Strategy Toolkit and Templates
Data Analytics Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesData Analytics Strategy Toolkit and Templates
Data Analytics Strategy Toolkit and Templates
 
GUIDELINES ON USEFUL FORMS IN FREIGHT FORWARDING (F) Danny Diep Toh MBA.pdf
GUIDELINES ON USEFUL FORMS IN FREIGHT FORWARDING (F) Danny Diep Toh MBA.pdfGUIDELINES ON USEFUL FORMS IN FREIGHT FORWARDING (F) Danny Diep Toh MBA.pdf
GUIDELINES ON USEFUL FORMS IN FREIGHT FORWARDING (F) Danny Diep Toh MBA.pdf
 
Technical Leaders - Working with the Management Team
Technical Leaders - Working with the Management TeamTechnical Leaders - Working with the Management Team
Technical Leaders - Working with the Management Team
 
Types of Cyberattacks - ASG I.T. Consulting.pdf
Types of Cyberattacks - ASG I.T. Consulting.pdfTypes of Cyberattacks - ASG I.T. Consulting.pdf
Types of Cyberattacks - ASG I.T. Consulting.pdf
 
The-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptx
The-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptxThe-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptx
The-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptx
 
Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.
Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.
Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.
 
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...
 
Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...
Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...
Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...
 
Psychic Reading | Spiritual Guidance – Astro Ganesh Ji
Psychic Reading | Spiritual Guidance – Astro Ganesh JiPsychic Reading | Spiritual Guidance – Astro Ganesh Ji
Psychic Reading | Spiritual Guidance – Astro Ganesh Ji
 
WSMM Technology February.March Newsletter_vF.pdf
WSMM Technology February.March Newsletter_vF.pdfWSMM Technology February.March Newsletter_vF.pdf
WSMM Technology February.March Newsletter_vF.pdf
 

Measurements in science

Editor's Notes

  1. \n
  2. \n
  3. \n
  4. \n
  5. \n
  6. \n
  7. \n
  8. \n
  9. \n
  10. \n
  11. \n
  12. \n
  13. \n
  14. \n
  15. \n
  16. \n
  17. \n
  18. \n